united states fire administration chief officer training curriculum operations module 13: enclosed...

United States Fire Administration

Chief Officer Training Chief Officer Training CurriculumCurriculum

OperationsOperations

Module 13:Module 13:

Enclosed Mall Simulation Enclosed Mall Simulation ExerciseExercise

Ops 13-2

United States Fire Administration

ObjectivesObjectives

Identify structural characteristics of Identify structural characteristics of enclosed mallsenclosed malls

Identify safety considerations Identify safety considerations associated with enclosed mall associated with enclosed mall incidentsincidents

Establish incident objectivesEstablish incident objectives

Determine strategiesDetermine strategies

Ops 13-3

United States Fire Administration

Objectives (continued)Objectives (continued)

Select tacticsSelect tactics

Identify and request resourcesIdentify and request resources

Select alternate solutionsSelect alternate solutions

Establish an appropriate ICS Establish an appropriate ICS organization to manage the organization to manage the incidentincident

Ops 13-4

United States Fire Administration

OverviewOverview

Complex structural characteristics Complex structural characteristics of enclosed mallsof enclosed malls

Internal fire protection systemsInternal fire protection systems

Pre-incident preparationPre-incident preparation

Incident considerationsIncident considerations

Fire extinguishmentFire extinguishment

Ops 13-5

United States Fire Administration

RoofsRoofs

Metal deckingMetal decking

ConcreteConcrete

WoodWood

Glass/Plexiglass™/Lexan™ Glass/Plexiglass™/Lexan™

Ops 13-6

United States Fire Administration

Large Area Under One RoofLarge Area Under One Roof

Anchor storesAnchor stores– Large, possible multilevelLarge, possible multilevel– Large storage areasLarge storage areas

Linking storesLinking stores– Face open mall or concourse areaFace open mall or concourse area– Remotely located storage areasRemotely located storage areas

KiosksKiosks– Located throughout mallLocated throughout mall– Difficult to navigate in blackout Difficult to navigate in blackout

conditionsconditions

Ops 13-7

United States Fire Administration

Types of OccupanciesTypes of Occupancies

Amusement mallAmusement mall Clothing storeClothing store Department storeDepartment store ElectronicsElectronics GroceryGrocery Meeting roomsMeeting rooms Movie theaterMovie theater

Ops 13-8

United States Fire Administration

Types of Occupancies Types of Occupancies (continued)(continued)

Pet store (live animals)Pet store (live animals) PharmacyPharmacy RestaurantsRestaurants Skating rinkSkating rink Specialty shopsSpecialty shops Sporting goodsSporting goods

Ops 13-9

United States Fire Administration

Other ConcernsOther Concerns

Frequent remodelingFrequent remodeling

Heavy fire loadHeavy fire load

Limited accessLimited access

Multiple entrancesMultiple entrances

Ops 13-10

United States Fire Administration

LocationLocation

Within large citiesWithin large cities Frequently on fringes of city or Frequently on fringes of city or

between citiesbetween cities– Building codes may be less stringentBuilding codes may be less stringent– Requires significant first alarm Requires significant first alarm

responseresponse– Water supply may be inadequateWater supply may be inadequate– Response time may be increasedResponse time may be increased– Frequent traffic congestionFrequent traffic congestion

Ops 13-11

United States Fire Administration

Internal Fire Protection Internal Fire Protection SystemsSystems

Zoned sprinkler and standpipe Zoned sprinkler and standpipe systemssystems

Hydrants on propertyHydrants on property

Smoke removal systemsSmoke removal systems

Requires specific knowledge by Requires specific knowledge by local fire departmentslocal fire departments

Ops 13-12

United States Fire Administration

Types of Fire AlarmsTypes of Fire Alarms

Water flowWater flow

Smoke detectorSmoke detector

Pull-box alarmPull-box alarm

Heat detectorsHeat detectors

Ops 13-13

United States Fire Administration

911 Calls911 Calls

Calls for assistanceCalls for assistance

– At an addressAt an address

– At a store nameAt a store name

– At mall entrancesAt mall entrances

– At parking areaAt parking area

Account for possibilities in pre-Account for possibilities in pre-incident planningincident planning

Ops 13-14

United States Fire Administration

Pre-Incident PlanningPre-Incident Planning

Preconstruction inputPreconstruction input Thorough knowledge of structure Thorough knowledge of structure

and fire protection systemsand fire protection systems Frequent drills and incident Frequent drills and incident

preplanning sessionspreplanning sessions Good working relationship with mall Good working relationship with mall

management, security, and management, security, and maintenance personnelmaintenance personnel

Ops 13-15

United States Fire Administration

Incident ConsiderationsIncident Considerations

Divide into geographical areas (ICS Divide into geographical areas (ICS divisions)divisions)

Life safetyLife safety– Assist with evacuationAssist with evacuation

– Protect lanes of egressProtect lanes of egress

– Provide search and rescueProvide search and rescue

– Provide for medical assistanceProvide for medical assistance

Ops 13-16

United States Fire Administration

Fire ExtinguishmentFire Extinguishment

Employ internal fire protection Employ internal fire protection systemssystems

Large water supply needsLarge water supply needs Importance of ventilationImportance of ventilation Confine fireConfine fire High personnel requirementsHigh personnel requirements Personnel sourcesPersonnel sources

Ops 13-17

United States Fire Administration

Activity 13.1: Enclosed Mall Activity 13.1: Enclosed Mall Simulation Exercise Simulation Exercise

Ops 13-18

United States Fire Administration

Columbia MallColumbia Mall

70-acre complex70-acre complex 1.5 million square foot structure1.5 million square foot structure Built in two sections during the Built in two sections during the

1960’s and 1970’s1960’s and 1970’s Concrete Block Structure (CBS)Concrete Block Structure (CBS)

Ops 13-19

United States Fire Administration

Columbia Mall Columbia Mall (continued)(continued)

6 anchor stores6 anchor stores

60+ linking stores60+ linking stores

750 feet of concourse between east 750 feet of concourse between east and west anchor storesand west anchor stores

7,500 parking spaces (3,500 in 4 7,500 parking spaces (3,500 in 4 parking garages) parking garages)

Ops 13-35

United States Fire Administration

Module SummaryModule Summary

Complex structureComplex structure– Large areaLarge area– Many different types of occupanciesMany different types of occupancies– Heavy fire loadHeavy fire load

Pre-incident planningPre-incident planning Incident considerationsIncident considerations

– Fie protection systemsFie protection systems– Large water supplyLarge water supply– VentilationVentilation– High personnel requirementsHigh personnel requirements