unit one: lecture 1.3 government and laws in ancient civilizations
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Cite: Specific examples of how war and conflict are important throughout World History.
A.C.E.S QUESTION
What is the system that the Mesopotamians created to move water from the rivers to the farms? How did it work?
What is the “nickname” for Mesopotamia? What are the 2 rivers that run through
Mesopotamia? Who is the current “leader” of the government
in the US and what is his official title? Why do we need a government? (2 sentences)
KNIGHT’S CHARGE
There is a hotel room inside of Cinderella’s Castle at Disney World. Don’t get too excited though, you cannot book it. It is given out in contests and to the Make A Wish Foundation.
WEIRD DISNEY FACT OF THE DAY
What is Government?Government – A body of one or more
people that administer “policy” for the remainder of the people.
Examples of Policy: Laws Taxes Protection
GOVERNMENT
Anarchy = a state of disorder due to absence or non-recognition of authority.
Life without a government would be “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short.” ― Thomas Hobbes
As long as people have lived in groups, there has been a government.
Even small villages would elect an individual to lead.
Leaders have always been necessary not only to make important decisions, but to provide the feeling of safety and security.
WHERE DID GOVERNMENT COME FROM?
Early villages elected councils of elders.Elders were believed to be “wise” with
their experience and age.
WHERE DID GOVERNMENT COME FROM?
After the establishment of kingdoms, Warlords controlled armies, conquered new areas, and became leaders.
Warlord – An aggressive military commander who TAKES power by force!Example: Charles Taylor - Liberia
WARLORDS
Revolutionaries would take control of governments by starting uprisings of the poorer classes.Example: Nebuchadnezzar in Mesopotamia!
- Ruled from 605 B.C. to 562 B.C.
- Rallied the poor in Mesopotamia to take back
the Fertile Crescent area from the Assyrians.
REVOLUTIONARIES
Egyptians started ruling families called “Dynasties.”Dynasty – A ruling family.Pharaohs – Egyptian kings, leaders of dynasty.Pharaohs were considered GODS in Egypt! How do we know?Who becomes pharaoh when the pharaoh dies?
RULING FAMILIES
Menes – United the upper and lower Nile regions (like 2 pieces of bread in a sandwich…)
- Became the first PharaohHatshepsut – First female pharaoh
Pharaohs created a strong centralized governmentPreserved justice and order by establishing a bureaucracy.
NOTABLE EGYPTIAN PHARAOHS
China also used dynasties to rule their empires:
- Shang – Pre 2000 B.C.- Zhou – 1122 B.C. to 250 B.C.- Qin – 221 B.C. to 202 B.C.- Han – 202 B.C. to 220 A.D. (C.E.)- Qing – 1644 A.D. (C.E.) to 1911
C.E.
RULING FAMILIES-CHOOSING A LEADER
Republic – Rule by the people.
Democracy is a form of a Republic.- First originated in ancient Greece and Rome- Leaders are chosen by voting in forums
Direct Democracy – Every person gets a vote, first hand.- Practical? Why?
REPUBLIC
Last King was overthrown in 509 B.C.People choose some officials to represent them (representative government)Consists of 3 main groups:
- The Senate: 300 MEN. Originally only Patricians (landowners), made decisions over foreign policy and some domestic affairs.
- Magistrate: 2 consuls (highest office) control army. One year term. At the top.
- The Assembly: Made of common people called “Plebeians.” Voted on laws and elected officials.
THE ROMAN REPUBLIC
Youtube Guy!
YAY!
Types of Governments:1. Monarchy: A form of government
with a monarch or king at the head.2. Aristocracy: A form of government
in which power is held by the nobility.3. Oligarchy: A small group of people
have control over a country.
What could be an advantage of having a monarchy?
GREECE
In the beginning: Monarchy -> AristocracyAristocracy-> Unrest ->
Tyrants!
Tyrant: Someone who gains power through force!
Finally – Limited Democracy, Cleisthenes sets up an assembly of 500. Any male citizen could be a member.It served as legislature.
GREECE
Absolute Monarchy – 1 person has limitless power and complete control.
Originated in Europe and Medieval England
ABSOLUTE MONARCHIES
Hammurabi’s Code:- Originated in
Mesopotamia- The first written code
of law- Based on the idea of
“eye for an eye.”
FIRST LAWS OF THE WORLD
Legalism:Originated in China – Qin DynastySaid all men were inherently EVIL! MuahahahaStrict punishments for small crimesCaught shoplifting…?…We cut off your hands!
FIRST LAW SYSTEMS
Roman Law:
Posted in the forum for all to see!
Wait…I get to know the laws before I accidentally break them?
BRILLIANT!
TWELVE TABLES
Law under absolute rulers was constantly changing from ruler to ruler.
Why was this such a problem?
ABSOLUTE RULERS
Came around in the middle ages and are, for the most part, still used today!
Judges
Juries
Law Enforcement
JUDICIAL SYSTEMS
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