unit i: part i coming of age rhetorical concepts
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Bellringers
• http://mreldridge.net/dailyExercises.aspx– Syntax, diction, imagery, details, tone
Diction/Syntax Prezi: Extra practice (Bellringer)
• http://prezi.com/bvagnihmfxjl/diction-and-syntax/
Voice
• A writer’s or speaker’s unique personality expressed using imagery, syntax, diction, and tone.
Syntax• Sentence structure• Etymology: –Syn: together•Ex. Synthesis, synonym, synchronize
–Tax: arrangement/order•Ex. Taxonomy, taxidermy
Examples of syntax choices
• Sentence length: long, short, mid-length• Kinds of sentences: simple, compound,
complex, compound-complex (p 10)• Quotations: direct, indirect (p15)• Periodic sentence: p 43• Cumulative sentence: p45• Balanced sentence: p46
Diction ScaleThe four types of diction with a range of formality are in this order:• Formal– Please exit the edifice and decamp to your abode.
• Casual– Get out of here, and go home!
• Colloquial– Y’all head on home now, y’hear?
• Slang (Least Formal)– Dude, totally, like, go chill at your, like, crib.
Examples
• agree – concur• begin – commence • end – terminate• think – cogitate• skinny—slim • building—edifice
Ways to talk about diction• Artificial false Literal apparent, word for word • Bombastic high sounding, pompous, • ostentatious • Moralistic puritanical, righteous• Colloquial vernacular (slang) Obscure unclear • Concrete actual, specific, particular Obtuse dull-witted, undiscerning • Connotative alludes to; suggestive Ordinary everyday, common • Cultured cultivated, refined, finished Pedantic didactic, scholastic, bookish • Detached cut-off, removed, separated Plain clear, obvious • Emotional expressive of emotions Poetic lyric, melodious, romantic • Esoteric understood by a chosen few Precise exact, accurate, decisive • Euphemistic insincere, affected Pretentious pompous, gaudy, inflated • Exact verbatim, precise Provincial rural, rustic, unpolished • Figurative serving as illustration Scholarly intellectual, academic • Formal academic, conventional Sensuous passionate, luscious • Grotesque hideous, deformed Simple clear, intelligible • Homespun folksy, homey, native, rustic Slang lingo, colloquialism • Idiomatic Peculiar, vernacular Symbolic representative, metaphorical • Insipid uninteresting, tame, dull Trite common, banal, stereotyped • Jargon vocabulary for a profession Informal casual, relaxed, unofficial
• Learned educated, experienced Vulgar coarse, indecent, tasteless
Abhorrent abrupt accusing accusatory admonitory bantering bitter boring brash bucolic calm cautious
childish coarse cold colloquial concerned despairing desperate disdainful disgusted ecstatic effusive elated
elegiac eloquent embittered eruditeexuberant foreboding gloomy harsh haughty hopeful
humbleindignant inflammatory irreverent irritated ironic
joking joyful light loving miserable melancholicnervous nostalgic optimistic outraged paranoid
passionate patronizing pedantic peaceful pessimistic pitiful pleasant playful proud pompous pretentious questioning
reflective reminiscent resigned romantic sadsanctimonious sarcastic sardonic scornful sentimental
serene serious sharp shocked silly solemn somber soothing snobbish snooty sympathetic taunting turgid vexed
vibrant whimsical angry anxious appreciative apologetic arrogant audacious condemning dark condescendingcontemptuous dreamy mocking moralistic mournful persuasive
piquant cynical compassionate confidant
More words to describe diction
Bouncing into the room, she lit up the vicinity with a joyous glow on her face as she told about her fiancé and their wedding plans.
Bouncing – lit – joyous – glow – fiancé - wedding
What kind of words are these?
Bouncing into the room, she lit up the vicinity with a joyous glow on her face as she told about her fiancé and their wedding plans.
____ diction contributes to the ____ tone.
Cheerful diction contributes to the euphoric tone.
Or uplifting diction contributes to the joyful tone.
Harvard accepted her, allowing this child the opportunity to study in the same halls as the many famous scholars before her, giving her the chance to excel in her field in the best college in the United States.
____ diction contributes to the ____ tone.
Harvard accepted her, allowing this child the opportunity to study in the same halls as the many famous scholars before her, giving her the chance to excel in her field in the best college in the United States.
____ diction contributes to the ____ tone. lofty diction contributes to the elevated tone.
Drawing the attention of his classmates, as well as his teacher, the student dared to experiment with his professor’s intelligence by interrogating him about the Bible.
____ diction contributes to the ____ tone.
Drawing the attention of his classmates, as well as his teacher, the student dared to experiment with his professor’s intelligence by interrogating him about the Bible.
____ diction contributes to the ____ tone.
challenging diction contributes to the confrontational tone.
Gently smiling, her mother tenderly tucked the covers up around the child’s neck, and carefully, quietly, left the room, making sure to leave a comforting ray of light shining through the opened door should the child awake.
____ diction contributes to the ____ tone.
loving diction contributes to the serene tone.
The laughing wind skipped through the village, teasing the trees until they danced with anger and cajoling the grass into fighting itself, blade slapping blade, as the silly dog with golfball eyes and flopping, tongue bounded across the lawn.
____ diction contributes to the ____ tone.
The laughing wind skipped through the village, teasing the trees until they danced with anger and cajoling the grass into fighting itself, blade slapping blade, as the silly dog with golfball eyes and flopping, tongue bounded across the lawn.
____ diction contributes to the ____ tone.
humorous diction contributes to the happy-go-lucky tone.
Imagery: 2 kinds• Words and phrases that appeal to
your five senses:–Sight–Taste–Smell–Hearing–Touch
Imagery Examples• Touch: chill, clammy, cold, grainy, gritty, jarring, knobby, moist,
numb, rough, smooth, sting, tingle• Taste: bland, bitter, brackish, metallic, minty, peppery, salty, sour,
spicy, sweet• Smell: acrid, fetid, greasy, musky, musty, pungent, putrid, rancid,
rank, reek, refreshing, airy, flowery• Sound: bellow, blare, buzz, chime, clang, clatter, clink, crackle,
crash, creak, gurgle, hiss, hum, murmur, pop, purr, rattle, rustle, screech, snap, squeak, whine, whisper
• Sight: blaze, bleary, bloody, chalky, ebony, florid, foggy, gaudy, grimy, haze, muddy, pallid, smudged
Imagery
• Use of words to paint a picture that allows a creative image to form in the reader’s mind. The writer chooses words carefully so that the sights, sounds, smells, tastes, and feelings they are describing form a vivid image for the reader
• EXAMPLES:– The smell of cookies filled the room with pungent
cinnamon and tangy ginger. – She walked into the room and all fell silent as she
swayed through the crowd in all of her glory.
Word Choice
• Makes the writing more attractive to the reader. Uses precise, vibrant language to create sentences that paint pictures for the reader. Word Choice is what helps the writer with imagery!
Imagery Activity
• Expand on each of these sentences to make them more vivid and alive.– The house looked run down.– The tree had new buds.– The cookies were burned.– The couch was comfortable.
Word Choice Activity• Using a thesaurus,
find words to describe these common every day, over used words with words that sound “better”
– Good– Happy– Sad– Tired– Hate– Love– Stupid– Fat– Bad
Writing your own!
• Think of your three favorite colors. How would you describe what those colors looks like to someone else?
Color Poem
• Now answer these questions in reference to your favorite color:
• List 1: What things LOOK (color)?List 2: What things SOUND (color)?List 3: What things SMELL (color)?List 4: How does (color) FEEL?List 5: What makes YOU FEEL (color)?List 6: What things TASTE (color)?List 7: What EXPERIENCES or IDEAS seem (color)?List 8: Can you think of any (color) PLACES?
Tone Examples
• I don’t care! Leave me alone!• Sure, you look great. Yeah, right.• Aw, shucks…Do you really mean it? • I can’t wait to get up in the morning and start
my day!• Ummm…I’m not sure; I mean, can you explain
what you mean again?
Unit I Rhetorical Terms: Persuasion
• Ad hominem• Advertising techniques: bandwagon, avant-
garde, testimonials, facts and figures, transfer• Rhetorical appeals– Pathos– Ethos– Logos
Unit I Grammar Concepts
• Compound/Complex sentence• Direct quote• Indirect quote• Subjunctive verbs• Reciprocal pronouns• Periodic sentence• Cumulative sentence• Balanced sentence• Restrictive/nonrestrictive clauses
• Lesson On voice or mood• http://www.scholastic.com/teachers/lesson-pl
an/adding-strong-voice-your-writing•
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