unit b evolution and movement of fashion

UNIT BEVOLUTION AND

MOVEMENT OF FASHION

2.03 Recognize the relationship between historical events and fashion evolution.

Mood of the decade• World War II

– Women re-entered the workforce

– Parisian Fashion houses closed their doors due to German invasion of Paris

– American fashion designers emerged

– Shorter skirts– Sloppy Joe sweaters– Bikini introduced

Mood of the decade• World War II (cont.)

– L-85 (General Limitations Order) restricted amount of fabric used in production of apparel.•Designers had to create fashions

that would remain stylish through multiple seasons.

•A new style of suits for women had short skirts and short jackets of twenty-five inches or less in length.

•Sheath evening dresses replaced the long flowing gowns of the thirties.

Mood of the decade• World War II (cont.)

– Restrictions limited use of silk, wool, rubber, metal

– Tailored masculine-looking suit

– The young danced the jitterbug.

Mood of the decade•World War II (cont.)

– Postwar fashion freedom•Women wanted a return to more feminine designs.

•Christian Dior introduced the “New Look” with rounded shoulders, fuller bustlines, and fuller skirts fifteen inches off the ground.

•Paris was re-established as the center of the fashion world.

People who influenced fashion

• Christian Dior—designer of the “New Look”; first to license name

• Norman Norrell—winner of the first Coty American Fashion Critics Award; founder of CFDA

• Cristobal Balenciaga—known for huge evening coats, long, full skirts, pillbox hats, and chemise dresses

People who influenced fashion

• Jacques Fath—first French designer to export designs to the United States

• Elsa Schiaparelli—known for surreal designs and bold use of color

• Adrian—Hollywood costume designer whose screen fantasies influenced street fashions

UNIT BEVOLUTION

AND MOVEMENT OF

FASHION2.03 Recognize the relationship between

historical events and fashion evolution.

Mood of the decade• Korean War• Color television introduced• Rock-n-Roll explosion

– Teenagers emerged as a fashion voice.

– Leather jackets and T-shirts with the sleeves rolled up

– White shirts and blue jeans– Letter sweaters– Beatniks– American Bandstand– Elvis Presley appeared on The

Ed Sullivan Show.

Mood of the decade (cont.)

• Moving to the suburbs– Sportswear emerges– Pedal pushers, slacks, halters,

shirtwaist dresses– Cashmere sweaters with a

matching scarf– Poodle skirts– Single-breasted jackets, narrow

lapels, and natural shoulders– Tapered trousers and penny

loafers– Shopping malls are built.

Mood of the decade (cont.)

• Ivy League look– Men wore neat single-

breasted jackets with narrow lapels, pressed trousers, with white, yellow, or pale blue button-down collared shirts, and ties.

– Female students dressed in twin sweater sets, or Peter-Pan collared blouses and sweaters, with pencil-slim or pleated skirts.

Mood of the decade (cont.)

• Hairstyles– Girls wore ponytails early

in the decade. Later, the beehive was popular.

– Boys “trained” their hair into greased-back ducktails and carried a comb at all times.

Mood of the decade (cont.)

• Shoes and accessories– Two-toned bucks– Bobby socks

People who influenced fashions

• Designer influence was significant– Dior—the A-line

silhouette for women

– Givenchy—the chemise or “sack” dress

– Claire McCardell—sashes, harem pajamas, bias-cut, dartless clothes

UNIT BEVOLUTION

AND MOVEMENT OF

FASHION2.03 Recognize the relationship

between historical events and fashion evolution.

Mood of the decade

• Civil Rights Movement– Black Pride– The Afro– African prints– Dashiki: A loose,

brightly-colored African tunic.

Mood of the decade (cont.)

• Youthquake Revolution– Youth take

ownership of the decade

– Mod look: Clothing with psychedelic colors and geometric designs.

– Go-Go Look with mini skirts, white go-go boots

Mood of the decade (cont.)

• Election of John F. Kennedy– Youngest president in

history– The bare-headed

President Kennedy begins the demise of the men’s hat industry.

– First Lady Jackie Kennedy is the fashion icon of the decade wearing Chanel suits and simple dresses, pillbox hat, pearls, and low-heeled shoes.

Mood of the decade (cont.)

• Man walks on the moon– Pierre Cardin and

André Courreges are called the space age designers.

– Space age and futuristic looks appear on high fashion runways.

Mood of the decade (cont.)

• Onset of the women’s liberation movement– See through blouses, no bra– Unisex look– Pantyhose introduced (Glen Raven

Mills, NC, 1959)

Mood of the decade (cont.)

• Anti-war movement (Vietnam)– Hippie look, suede

fringe jackets, appliquéd bell-bottom trousers, tie-dyed shirts, love beads, granny glasses, and peace symbols.

– Woodstock Festival

People who influenced fashions

• Decreased designer influence– Mary Quant—London designer

who introduced the miniskirt– Twiggy—skinny British model who

became the top model of the sixties

– Emilio Pucci—exotic, psychedelic, beautiful prints

– Yves St. Laurent—fresh approach to fashion with Mondrian-inspired shift dress

• Jackie Kennedy• Audrey Hepburn—classics

such as the “little black dress”

UNIT BEVOLUTION

AND MOVEMENT OF

FASHION2.03 Recognize the relationship between

historical events and fashion evolution.

Mood of the decade• Watergate Scandal• Vietnam war ends• Dawn of the Disco,

Studio 54, Saturday Night Fever– John Travolta’s white suit

with an open-necked shirt.

– Platform shoes– Bell-bottom hip-hugger

pants– Hot pants with white go-

go boots

Mood of the decade• Punk Rock, short-lived anti-social

and anti-fashion movement– Torn, frayed clothing– Body piercing– Spiked hair colored pink or green– T-shirts being worn

as billboards– Political statement

designs

Mood of the decade• Rap and hip-

hop emerge– Athletic

clothes– Track suits– Excessive

amounts of gold jewelry

Mood of the decade• Ethnic influence

– Macramé bags– Crochet

waistcoats and shawls

– Ponchos– Gypsy tops with

gathered necklines trimmed with bells and puffed sleeves

– Nehru jackets

Mood of the decade• “Me” decade,

self indulgence– String bikini– Tight clothes– Men’s leisure

suits– Designer

jeans– Hand-braided

friendship bracelets

Mood of the decade• Feminism, sexual

equality, women’s lib, equal rights– Bra burning– Women no longer

wear girdles– Women buy pantyhose– Women wear pants

and pantsuits– Double-knit polyester

man-made fabrics– Micro, mini, midi, and

maxi skirts

Mood of the decade• Shoes

– Platforms– Clogs

• Movies and their stars– Annie Hall—women

wearing oversize men’s shirts, very long skirts, khaki pants, and men’s hats

– Grease—leather motorcycle jackets

Mood of the decade• Television

– Charlie’s Angels—Farrah Fawcett Major’s hair style and flared trousers

– Happy Days—Fonzie’s leather jacket, jeans, white shirt

– Dukes of Hazzard—Daisy Duke’s cutoff jean shorts

People who influenced fashion

• Yves Saint Laurent—womenswear based on menswear

• Halston—use of cashmere

• Calvin Klein—denim jeans

• Mary McFadden—fine pleating

• Bill Blass—sporty, sophisticated classics

UNIT BEVOLUTION

AND MOVEMENT OF

FASHION2.03 Recognize the relationship

between historical events and fashion evolution.

Mood of the decade

• Excess– Shoulder pads, retro 1940s– Big hair– Brand names appeared on

outside of garment

Mood of the decade (cont.)

• MTV– Music becomes visual– Videos become a

major influence on apparel choices•Lace tops, tight skirts

•Bustier worn by Madonna

Mood of the decade (cont.)

• Television influence– Dallas—jeans, boots, western

shirts, and cowboy hat– Dynasty—wide shoulder

silhouettes– Miami Vice —T-shirts worn

under Armani suits, pastel colors for men

– General Hospital —Luke and Laura

– Lady Diana Spencer weds Prince Charles

– Diana’s wedding dress becomes one of the most copied in the world

Mood of the decade (cont.)

• Workout craze, Jane Fonda– Legwarmers, leotards, sneakers– Nike, Reebok– Women left their high-heels at

home and wore sneakers to work– Introduction of the thong bikini– Stirrup pants– Warm-up suits– Flashdance—increased the

popularity of legwarmers, sweatshirt fabric, and sweatshirts with cut out necks

Mood of the decade (cont.)

• Punk– Dog collars– Mohawk

hairstyles– Leather

jackets and chains

UNIT B EVOLUTION

AND MOVEMENT OF

FASHION2.03 Recognize the relationship between

historical events and fashion evolution.

Mood of the decade

• Sandra Day O’Connor—first woman on Supreme Court

• AIDS first identified• Collapse of the

Soviet Union and the expansion of overseas companies

Mood of the decade (cont.)

• Longest bull market in Wall Street history– More luxurious

fashions are introduced as people have more money to spend.

– More luxurious fabrics enter the market.

Mood of the decade (cont.)

• Casual Friday—khakis, polos, loafers, jeans with company T-shirts worn to work

• Internet– Finger-tip access to

global fashion information

– Online shopping

Mood of the decade (cont.)

• Street Fashions– Hip-Hop style– Jeans, logo T-shirts,

windbreakers, all oversized

– Body piercing– Tattooing– Doc Martens– Backpack purses

Mood of the decade (cont.)

• Megabrands– Youthquake with Tommy

Hilfiger– FUBU– Banana Republic– J. Crew– Old Navy, The Gap,

Abercrombie and Fitch– Tweens (8 to 12 years

old), Gap Kids, Limited Too

Mood of the decade (cont.)

• Women’s competitive and adventure sports—Example: WNBA– Athletic shoes– Sports bras

People who influenced fashion

• Princess Diana—most photographed woman ever

• Tommy Hilfiger—“brand image” designer

• Gianni Versace—designer with rock star type sex appeal

• Isaac Mizrahi—high-fashion designer whose line is sold exclusively by Target

• Ralph Lauren—“preppy” styles for men and women

People who influenced fashion

• Music, movies, and television– Garth Brooks—western shirts

– Shania Twain—bare midriffs and tight fitting clothes

– Back Street Boys—“oversized” clothes

– Madonna—the bustier

– Jennifer Aniston—“Rachel” hairdo on Friends

People who influenced fashion

– Russell Simmons—Phat Farm hip-hop clothing

– Sean John Combs (“P. Diddy”)—denim-based signature sportswear for men and boys

UNIT BEVOLUTION

AND MOVEMENT OF

FASHION2.03 Recognize the relationship between

historical events and fashion evolution.

Mood of the decade

• Y2K—The Millennium Bug• Unclear winner in the

United States Presidential Election

• Firestone recalled tires• Microsoft ordered to split• September 11, 2001

attack on the Twin Towers• Taliban regime

Mood of the decade (cont.)

• Anthrax scare• Invasion of Iraq• Stem cell research• Number of AIDS victims rises• Arnold Schwarzenegger

became Governor of California

• Recording industry cracked down on people who illegally swapped more than 1,000 songs over the Internet

Mood of the decade (cont.)

• Saddam Hussein captured December 13, 2003

• Street wear– Low-rise jeans– Slashed T-shirts– Overtly sexual

clothes– Bling bling (big

jewelry)– Ugg boots

People who are influencing fashion

• Valentino• Paris Hilton• Rappers and

Hip Hop artists in music videos— baggy pants, big jewelry (bling bling) and urban wear (Enyce, Rocawear, Baby Phat, Phat Farm)

People who are influencing fashion (cont.)

• Rappers and Hip Hop artists– Sean “P.Diddy” Combs– Lil Kim—increased the

popularity of wearing weave and wigs

– Camron—increased the popularity of males wearing the color pink

– Jay-Z—wearing earrings in both ears

People who are influencing fashion (cont.)

• Film and popstars– Britney Spears

—bare-midriff tops, skimpy skirts and shorts

– Janet Jackson—bare, sexy, metallic, urban streetwear

People who are influencing fashion (cont.)

• Celebrities who have clothing lines– Beyonce Knowles– Jennifer Lopez– Sean Combs– Russell Simmons– Jessica Simpson– Reba McEntyre