unit 8—chapters 20 – 21
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Unit 8—Chapters 20 – 21Populism and Progressivism (1870 – 1917)
CSS 11.2, 11.3, 11.4
2
James A. Garfield1881Election of 1880•
•
• •
Pendleton Act, 1883•
•
Social Gospel, 1882•
•
Christian Science, 1879• •
Salvation Army, 1880• “with heart to God, and hand to
man”•
•
•
R James A. Garfield 4,453,295 214
D Winfield S. Hancock 4,414,082 155
GL James B. Weaver 308,578 --
“I am a Stalwart. Arthur is now President of the United States.”--Charles Guiteau
1880
396
Stalwarts v. Half-Breeds
3
Grover Cleveland1885-1889
Election of Scandals (1884)•
•
Mugwumps•
Greenback Labor Party•
•
Grover Cleveland•
•
•
National Prohibition Party, 1869•
Women’s Christian Temperance Union, 1873•
•
Anti-Saloon League, 1893•
•
•
D Grover Cleveland 4,879,507 219
R James G. Blaine 4,850,293 182
GL Benjamin F. Butler 175,370 --
P John P. St. John 150,369 --
1884
401
“Ma, ma, where’s my Pa?”
Rum, Romanism, and Rebellion
4
The Farmers Unite
Patrons of Husbandry (Grange), 1867• • •
•
Munn v. Illinois, 1877•
•
Wabash decision, 1886•
•
•
Farmers’ Alliance, 1890•
•
•
Populist Party, 1890•
•
Mary E. Lease•
•
“Raise less corn and more hell.”--Mary E. Lease
5
Benjamin Harrison1889-1893
•
•
Pension Act, 1890•
•
McKinley Tariff, 1890•
• •
•
Sherman Silver Purchase Act, 1890•
•
•
Depression of 1893• • •
•
1888
401
R Benjamin Harrison 5,447,129 233
D Grover Cleveland 5,537,857 168
Pr Clinton B. Fisk 249,506 --
UL Anson J. Streeter 146,935 --
6
Grover Cleveland1893-1897•
Coxey’s Army, 1894•
•
Wilson-Gorman Bill, 1894•
•
• •
•
•
Homestead Strike, 1892• •
•
Pullman Strike, 1894•
•
•
1892
444
D Grover Cleveland 5,555,426 277
R Benjamin Harrison 5,182,690 145
P James B. Weaver 1,029,846 22
Pr John Bidwell 264,133 --
“The issue is Socialism versus Capitalism. I am for Socialism because I am for humanity.”—Eugene V. Debs
7
The Populists
Populist Party, 1890•
•
Omaha Platform, 1892• $50/ per person in currency• graduated income tax• nationalization of railroads, utilities, and
communications• secret “Australian” ballot• one-term limit for president• restriction of immigration• 8-hour workday• tariff reduction
William Jennings Bryan• • •
• •
Populists and the Wizard of Oz
“We will answer their demands for a gold standard by saying to them: ‘You shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns, you shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold.’”
—William Jennings Bryan
• Dorothy• Scarecrow—no brains• Tin Man—no heart• Cowardly Lion—no
courage• Munchkins• Good Witch of N/S• Wicked Witch of E/W• Flying Monkeys• Wizard• Ruby slippers
• Populist Party• farmers—no education• workers—no commitment• Bryan—switched parties• Populist party members• Populists supporters• Industrialists on coasts• Pinkerton detectives• President of U.S.• silver slippers
8
William McKinley1897-1901Election of 1896•
•
•
Dingley Tariff, 1897•
•
Gold Standard Act, 1900•
• •
1896
447
R William McKinley 7,102,246 271
D William J. Bryan 6,492,559 176
Leon Czolgosz•
Industrial Workers of the World, 1905•
•
9
The Muckrakers
Muckrakers•
•
•
•
Ida Tarbell• “The History of Standard Oil” (1904)•
Lincoln Steffens• “The Shame of the Cities” (1904)•
Jacob Riis• “How the Other Half Lives” (1890)•
•
David G. Phillips• “The Treason of the Senate” (1906)•
Upton Sinclair• The Jungle, 1906•
•
Thorstein Veblen• “Theory of the Leisure Class” (1899)•
10
Progressive Reform
•
•
•
Democratic Reform1. Australian (secret) ballot –
2. Initiative:
3. Referendum:
4. Recall:
5. open primary:
6. 17th Amendment:
7. 19th Amendment:
Efficiency in Government• centralized decision-making• reduced graft/corruption• merit over patronage
Business Regulation• trust busting • end of laissez faire• conservation
Social Justice• settlement houses• child labor laws• improved working conditions• progressive income tax (16th
Amendment)• Prohibition (18th Amendment)• women’s rights (Muller v. Oregon,
1908)
11
Theodore Roosevelt1901-1909Theodore ‘Teddy’ Roosevelt• •
•
Anthracite Coal Strike, 1902•
•
•
•
Roosevelt Panic, 1907• • • •
1904
476
Gentlemen’s Agreement, 1906•
•
•
R Theodore Roosevelt 7,628,461 336
D Alton B. Parker 5,084,223 140
S Eugene V. Debs 402,283 --
Pr Silas C. Swallow 258,536 --
12
Roosevelt’s 3 Cs
Control the TrustNorthern Securities decision•
• •
Elkins Act, 1903•
•
Hepburn Act, 1906•
•
Consumer ProtectionMeat Inspection Act, 1906•
Pure Food and Drug Act, 1906•
ConservationForest Reserve Act, 1891•
Newlands Act, 1902•
•
“When I say I believe in a square deal I do not mean . . . to give every man the best hand. If the cards do not come to any man, or if they do come, and he has not got the power to play them, that is his affair. All I mean is that there shall be no crookedness in the dealing.”
—Theodore Roosevelt, 1905
13
William H. Taft1909-1913William H. Taft• • •
•
Payne-Aldritch Tariff, 1909• •
•
Ballinger-Pinchot Affair, 1909•
• •
1908
483
Triangle Shirtwaist Fire, 1911•
•
John Dewey• •
R William H. Taft 7,675,320 321
D William J. Bryan 6,412,294 162
S Eugene V. Debs 420,793 --
Pr Eugene W. Chafin 253,840 --
14
Election of 1912
Election of 1912•
• •
•
•
• •
1912
531
New Nationalism (TR)•
•
New Freedom (Wilson)• • • •
D Woodrow Wilson 6,296,547 435
P Theodore Roosevelt 4,118,571 88
R William H. Taft 3,486,720 8
S Eugene V. Debs 900,672 --
Pr Eugene W. Chafin 206,275 --
15
Black Rights
grandfather clause •
•
Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896•
•
Ida B. Wells•
•
W.E.B. DuBois• •
•
Niagara Movement, 1905•
•
NAACP, 1909•
16
Woodrow Wilson1913-1921
Woodrow Wilson•
•
•
• •
Seaman’s Act, 1915•
Jones Act, 1916•
Workmen’s Compensation Act, 1916•
1916
531
National Consumers’ League, 1898•
National Board of Censorship, 1909•
D Woodrow Wilson 9,127,695 277
R Charles E. Hughes 8,533,507 254
S A.L. Benson 585,113 --
Pr J.F. Hanly 220,506 --
“He kept us out of war!”
17
Triple Wall of Privilege
TrustsClayton Anti-Trust Act, 1914•
• •
Federal Trade Commission, 1914•
Keating-Owen Act, 1916•
Adamson Act, 1916•
TariffUnderwood Tariff, 1913• • •
BanksPujo Committee, 1911•
•
Federal Reserve Act, 1913•
•
“This is not a day of triumph; it is a day of dedication. Here muster not the forces of party, but the forces of humanity . . . I summon all honest men, all patriotic, all forward-looking men, to my side. God helping me, I will not fail them, if they will but counsel and sustain me!”
—Woodrow Wilson, Inaugural Address, 1913
18
Women’s Movement
Jane Addams• •
•
•
•
Florence Kelly• •
•
Muller v. Oregon, 1908•
Carrie Chapman Catt•
•
Francis E. Willard• •
Charlotte Perkins Gilman•
•
•
Margaret Sanger•
19
19th Century Imperialism
Capt. Alfred Thayer Mahan• Influence of Sea Power upon History,
1660-1783• •
Needs of a Modern Empire•
Seward’s Folly, 1867•
“Big Sister” Policy, 1880s• •
•
Open Door Policy, 1899•
•
• •
Boxer Rebellion, 1900•
•
Take up the White Man’s burden—Send forth the best ye breed—Go bind your sons to exileTo serve your captives’ needTo wait in heavy harnessOn fluttered folk and wild—Your new-caught, sullen peoples, Half-devil and half-child.
--Rudyard Kipling, 1903
20
Spanish-American War, 1898
Cuba Revolution, 1895•
•
Yellow Journalism•
•
Dupuy de Lome•
•
U.S.S. Maine, 1898• • •
Teller Amendment, 1898•
Manila Bay•
Rough Riders•
•
Treaty of Paris, 1898• • •
•
Platt Amendment, 1901• •
You furnish the pictures and I'll furnish the war.”--William Randolph Hearst
21
America in the Pacific
Hawaii, 1898•
•
• •
Great White Fleet, 1907•
•
•
Philippines, 1898-1947• •
Emilio Aguinaldo•
•
• •
Insular Cases•
Anti-Imperialist League•
• • •
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