unit 7: ecology

Unit 7: Ecology

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Unit Page 34 Table of Contents 35

Levels of Organization 36 C.N. – Ecology Part 1 37

Sources of Energy Tree Map 38 C.N. – Energy Flow 39

Food Chain Activity 40 Food Chain/Web Worksheet 41

Energy Flow

Unit 7: EcologyChapter 3-2

Energy The relationship

between organisms interaction with their environment is based on energy needs

The SUNSUN is the main energy source for life on Earth

Producers AutotrophsAutotrophs: capture energy from

sunlight or chemicals and use it to make their own food

Because they make their own food, they are also called PRODUCERSPRODUCERS Ex: plants, bacteria, algae

Two ways producers make their own food PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis: autotrophs use

light energy (sun) to make food

6CO2 + 6H2O C6H1206 + 6O2 Carbon dioxide + water carbohydrates + oxygen

During photosynthesis, Sugar (C6H12O6 ) is produced inside the chloroplasts by combining Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and Water (H2O).

CO2 + H2O + light energy C6H12O6 + O2

Plants need oxygen as well. At night, respiration occurs. Respiration is a process by which the plant releases carbon dioxide and lets oxygen into its cells.

The plant combines water and carbon dioxide to form sugar. The water is taken up by the plants root.

Energy from sunlight is used by the chloroplasts to produce sugar.

Carbon dioxide enters the plant through the stomata.

The plant produces oxygen during photosynthesis. The oxygen gas escapes through the stomata.LegendLegend

Carbon dioxide (CO2)

Oxygen (O2)

Water (H20)

Light energy

CO2

O2

ChemosynthesisChemosynthesis: autotrophs convert energy stored in inorganic compounds into foodEx: bacteria

http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/vents/nemo/education/curr_p1_12.html

Consumers HeterotrophsHeterotrophs: rely on other

organisms for their energy and food supply

Because they eat other organisms, they are CONSUMERSCONSUMERS EX: animals, fungi, & insects

Autotroph of Heterotroph? Palm tree Tree Frog Black Bear Phytoplankton (Energy from sun) Grass Wild mushroom

5 Types of consumers 1. HerbivoreHerbivore: eats plants

a) Ex: rabbit 2. CarnivoreCarnivore: eats meat

a) Ex: fox 3. OmnivoreOmnivore: eats both meat & plants

a) Ex: Bear

4. DetritivoreDetritivore: eat plant/animal remains or dead mattera) Ex: earthworms or snails

5. DecomposerDecomposer: breaks down organic matter a) Ex: bacteria or fungi

Which type of heterotroph? Tree snake (Eats mice, frogs, insects) Sea urchin (Eats seaweed) People Mushroom (Dead plants and animals)

Feeding RelationshipsHow energy travels through an

ecosystem.

Food ChainFood Chain: diagram showing the transfer of energy from one organisms eating another.

EX: Algae is eaten by krill, krill is eaten by cod, cod is eaten by seal, seal is eaten by killer whale

Food WebFood Web: the combination of ALL possible food chains in an ecosystem

Grazing & Detrital Food Webs

Identify one food chain in this food web. Share it with your partner!

Trophic Levels Trophic LevelTrophic Level: (feeding

level) Each step in a food chain or web. First Trophic Level:

producer / autotroph Second Trophic Level:

Primary consumer /herbivore

Third Trophic Level: Secondary Consumercarnivore or omnivore

Forth Trophic Level: Tertiary Consumercarnivore or omnivore

Can you identify the trophic level? Which trophic

level is the krill? Which trophic

level is the leopard seal?

Which trophic level is the algae?

Energy Pyramid Energy pyramidEnergy pyramid: a diagram that

shows the amount of energy in each trophic level of a food chain or web Only 10%10% of the energy at one

trophic level is transferred to the next level

The rest of the energy is lost as HEATHEAT

The result is that there must be many more producers than consumers

Pair Share Why are there many more producers than

consumers? How much energy gets passed from one trophic level to the next?

Biomass Pyramids Diagram that shows the

amount (in grams) of potential food available for each trophic level

Because of the loss of energy at each trophic level, there is usually a larger mass of living tissue at the lower levels than at the upper levels