unit 5 ecosystems
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UNIT 5. ECOSYSTEMS
UNIT OBJECTIVES To learn about ecosystems and how it works To study how abiotic factors influence the
biocenosis To understand the relationships in the
biocenosis To learn about trophic levels, chains and
webs To learn about aquatic and terrestrial
ecosystems
COMPONENTS OF AN ECOSYSTEM
ECOSYSTEMIt’s a place, the living things that
inhabit it and the interactions between them.
BIOTOPE
BIOCENOSIS
Nonliving components.Abiotic factors (Physical factors).
Ex: Temperature.
All the living things. Biotic factors.
Population: Members of the same species.
BIOTOPE
BIOCENOSIS
ACTIVITIES1. What’s the difference between
biocenosis and biotope?2. Write down three examples of
biocenosis and three examples of biotope.
3. Complete: An ecosystem is made up of all living things called_________, the places where they live called__________ and the ____________ between them.
4. Are they true or false?a)All the organism of an ecosystem make up the
population.b)The population is made up of all the organism
of the same species that inhabit a certain area.c)The biocenosis consists of all living things in the
planet.d)The biotope consists of the nonliving
components of the ecosystem.5. Classify the following words in the
corroct column: water, temperature, oak tree, oxygen, fox, sparrow, caterpillar, ground, rocks.
BIOTIC FACTORS:ABIOTIC FACTORS:
HOW ABIOTIC FACTORS AFFECTS THE BIOCENOSIS
ADAPTATION It’s an adjustement in the organism’s body or behaviour to its environment.
Animals and plants are
influenced by
Light
Temperature
The presence of water
Light Temperature The presence of water
ACTIVITIES6. True or false? Correct them.a) The depths of the oceans contain
photosynthesizing organism because a lot of sunlight can be found there.
b) Many animals have to emigrate or hibernate when the heat comes.
c) Desert plants develop very big leaves which protect them from losing water.
7. The following organisms have adaptations. Which was the abiotic factor that produced them?
a) Plants that accumulate water in their stems:________
b) A bear hibernating:_____________c) A tree which loses its leaves in
autumn:____________d) The exoskeleton of insects:_____________e) Bird migration:______________
RELATIONS IN THE BIOCENOSIS
INTRASPECIFIC RELATIONSHIPS
INTERSPECIFICRELATIONSHIPS
Between members of the same
species.
Between members of different
species.
Competitive
Cooperative
-Gregarious associations-Family associations-Colonial societies-Colonial forms
Competition
Commensalism
PredationMutualismparasitism
Competitive
Family
Gregarious
Colonial forms
Colonial societies
- -
Predation + -(Predator and
prey)
Parasitism + -
Commensalism + 0
Mutualism + +(Symbiosis)
ACTIVITIES8. Fill in the blanks:a) _____________ relationships are between individuals of the
________ species, and interspecific relationships are between individuals of___________ species.
b) ___________ relationships are divided into __________, where the individuals of the __________ same species compete for the same resources and __________ where they group together to obtein mutual benefit.
9. Classify the following relationships between intraspecific or interspecific.
a) Family relationships.b) Mutualismc) Parasitismd) Gregariouse) Colonialf) Predation
10. Complete the table.Beneficial (+)
Harmful (-)
Indifferent (0)
Type of relationship
In a lichen, the algae provides nourishment and the fungus humidity.A lynx hunts a rabbit to eat it.A vulture eats the remains of a lion’s prey.The taenia lives and feeds in the human intestine.Remoras attach to sharks for transport.
11. Thousands of bacteria live in the human intestine. They constitute the gut flora. Look for the information and explain what type of relationship there is between people and gut flora.
12. Some types of limpets live on the jaws and the outer surface of whales. The limpets obtain food and a safe place to live, but whales do not benefit nor are harmed. What is this type of relationship called?
TROPHIC LEVELS
PRODUCERS CONSUMERS DECOMPOSERS
Autotrophic
organisms.Ex:Plants
Heterotrophic organisms.(Primary,
secondary, tertiary)
Ex:Animals
Heterotrophic organisms.They feed on the remains
of other trophic levels.
Ex: Fungi
FOOD CHAIN
It shows the trophic levels and the order of eating.
FOOD WEBIt represents the trophic
chains in an ecosystem and their relationships.
13. Matcha) Producers 1-They feed on others
levels.b) Consumers 2- They feed on the
remains.c) Decomposers 3- They’re autotrophic.14. What trophic level do the following
organisms belong to?Grasshopper:Rabbit:Poppy:Lynx:Fungus:
15. Analyze the trophic web in the picture and write it down two food chains.
16. In a science fiction movie we see a future where, after a terrible war, the vegetation of the planet has completely disappeared and human beings live by eating the animals that have survived the catastrophe. Could that situation be possible? Explain your answer.
BIOMEIt’s a biological community
which occupies large areas of the planet. It has some characteristic climatic
conditions.
COLD ZONES
TEMPERATE ZONES
WARM ZONES
The polar
desertThe
tundraThe
taiga
The deciduous forest
The Mediterranean
forestThe
steppe
The desert
The savanna
h
The tropical forest
Types
17. Write two examples of each type of biome.18. Find Spain on a map and answer the
following questions.a) What biomes can be found in Spain?b) What biome is characteristic of the area where
you live?19. In pairs, look information in the Internet
about a biome (teacher will tell you which one), and make a poster to present it to your partners in class. You have to include:
- Where the bioma is located- Type of vegetation- Type of animals- Temperature- Precipitation
Don’t forget to include pictures or
drawings
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