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Unit 3- Latin America Study Guide Answers

Multiple Choice

T H E Y W E R E S E P A R A T E D B Y T H E N A T U R A L B A R R I E R S C R E A T E D B Y T H E A N D E S .

Why did many indigenous communities in South America

develop as isolated groups?

L A K E T I T I C A C A .

Rapid growth of the El Alto, Bolivia, has resulted in the

pollution of

A G R I C U L T U R A L

In Central America, more workers are employed in the ________ sector than

any other sector of the economy.

S I M Ó N B O L Í V A R A N D J O S É D E S A N M A R T Í N

Who were leaders of the South American wars for independence?

H I G H T E M P E R A T U R E S A N D A B U N D A N T R A I N F A L L Y E A R - R O U N D .

For most of Central America and the Caribbean, being located in the

tropics results in

P O P U L A T I O N P R E S S U R E

________ refers to the combination of factors within a population that reduce the ability of an

environment to support the population, thus causing migration or population decline.

I S T H M U S

Panama is a(n) ________ between North America and South

America.

P A R A G U A Y

What country enacted a law in 2004 that prohibited deforestation

in its eastern region?

T H E I S L A N D S A R E S U F F E R I N G F R O M S O I L E R O S I O N .

Many small islands in the Caribbean have been used for intensive plantation agriculture for

centuries. What problem has this caused today?

I L L E G A L M I N I N G

In recent years, the potential wealth to be gained through ________ has caused

deforestation and the pollution of waterways in Peru.

A S L A N D I S C L E A R E D , H A B I T A T S A R E D E S T R O Y E D A N D P L A N T A N D A N I M A L

S P E C I E S C O M E T O B E A T R I S K O F E X T I N C T I O N .

What has been the effect of deforestation in the Amazon rain

forest?

F I S H I N G

Mexico’s location on the Gulf of Mexico enabled a large ________

industry to develop.

A N E T W O R K O F R O A D S T H A T C O N N E C T E D T H E E M P I R E

What feature of the Inca Empire made it easier for the Spanish to

conquer it?

B Y R E D U C I N G T H E N U M B E R O F S M A L L O R G A N I S M S A T T H E B O T T O M O F T H E F O O D

C H A I N

How can El Niño negatively affect fishing?

T H E L I V E S T O C K D A M A G E S P L A N T S B Y E A T I N G T H E M D O W N T O N E A R L Y G R O U N D

L E V E L .

How can herding livestock lead to desertification?

E N A B L E S C O M P A N I E S T O B U Y C A R B O N C R E D I T S R A T H E R T H A N R E D U C E

P O L L U T I O N .

One criticism of the Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest

Degradation (REDD+) program has been that it

S O I L E R O S I O N

On small Caribbean islands that have been intensively farmed for centuries,

________ has become a serious environmental problem.

T H E Y A R E S O U R C E S O F U N T R E A T E D S E W A G E

How do favelas contribute to pollution?

B E C A U S E T H E R U G G E D I N T E R I O R O F T H E C O N T I N E N T H A S D I S C O U R A G E D

S E T T L E M E N T .

Why do most people in South America live along rivers or near

the coasts?

G R E E N H O U S E G A S E S .

. Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) is a

program aimed at reducing

E N C O U R A G I N G M O R E U S E O F B I C Y C L E S .

The mayor of Mexico City launched programs to reduce pollution in the

city by

S K I L L E D E N G I N E E R S W H O B U I L T A N E T W O R K O F R O A D S T H R O U G H T H E A N D E S

Which of the following accurately describes the Inca?

T I E R R A F R Í A

Which vertical climate zone is characterized by frosts in winter and is where potatoes and barley are grown?

I T I S T H E L A R G E S T C I T Y A N D T H E P O L I T I C A L , C U L T U R A L , A N D E C O N O M I C

C E N T E R O F M E X I C O .

Why is Mexico City considered to be a primate city?

T H E A M A Z O N

What river’s basin is home to the world’s largest rain forest?

P E T R O L E U M

Mexico is also a leading ________ producer, which is used to produce

much of Mexico’s power supply.

T H E R A I N S H A D O W E F F E C T C A U S E D B Y T H E A N D E S

What causes Patagonia to be dry, barren, and windy?

O X I S O L S

When intensive agriculture removes too much natural vegetation in the tropical

lowlands, the natural _______ can degrade into a baked clay-like form.

P R I M A T E

C I T Y

When a large urban area such as Mexico City dominates the country’s political,

cultural, and economic affairs, it is called a

P A I N T E D M U R A L S , O F T E N D E P I C T I N G P O L I T I C A L A N D H I S T O R I C A L T H E M E S .

Diego Rivera was a Mexican artist who

Short Answers

A R G E N T I N A H A S S E T V O L U N T A R Y T A R G E T S F O R G R E E N H O U S E G A S E M I S S I O N S

Describe one strategy that a South American country has adopted to address

a specific environmental problem.

S H A N T Y T O W N S A R E D A N G E R O U S B E C A U S E T H E Y A R E O F T E N B U I L T O N S L O P E S P R O N E

T O M U D S L I D E S A N D D I S E A S E E P I D E M I C S C A N B R E A K O U T B E C A U S E O F T H E L A C K O F

S A N I T A T I O N .

Explain two ways that shantytowns pose dangers to their residents.

T H E I N C A W E R E A H I G H L Y C I V I L I Z E D P E O P L E W H O B U I L T A N E T W O R K O F R O A D S

T H R O U G H T H E A N D E S , C O N S T R U C T E D G R E A T B U I L D I N G S O F S T O N E T H A T S T I L L S T A N D

T O D A Y , A N D H A D A R E C O R D - K E E P I N G S Y S T E M U S I N G Q U I P U S .

What made the Inca a highly advanced civilization? Give specific examples of their accomplishments.

“ P U L L ” F A C T O R S I N C L U D E E C O N O M I C O P P O R T U N I T I E S A N D A C C E S S T O B E T T E R

E D U C A T I O N A N D H E A L T H C A R E .

“ P U S H ” F A C T O R S I N C L U D E U N E M P L O Y M E N T A N D L I M I T E D E C O N O M I C O P P O R T U N I T I E S I N

M E X I C O .

What are the “push” and “pull” factors that encourage Mexican

immigration to the United States?

H E I M M E D I A T E P O S T C O L O N I A L P E R I O D I N S O U T H A M E R I C A P O L I T I C A L L Y A N D

E C O N O M I C A L L Y U N S T A B L E B E C A U S E T H E C O U N T R I E S L A C K E D A T R A D I T I O N O F S E L F -

G O V E R N M E N T A N D C A U D I L L O S , O R M I L I T A R Y D I C T A T O R S , F R E Q U E N T L Y S E I Z E D

P O W E R .

Why was the immediate postcolonial period in South America politically

and economically unstable?

Essay Answer

Essay Question

In the 1990s, an anthropological expedition discovered “Juanita,” the frozen body of an Inca girl who was killed in a religious ritual. The discovery sparked new interest in the culture of the Inca and their religious practices, which included human sacrifice. “The Incas worshipped the high peaks that pierce the South American skies. These rugged summits represented a means of approaching the Sun God, Inti, the center of their religion, and many sacrifices were made atop these cold and unpredictable pinnacles. Mountain deities were seen as lords of the forces of nature who presided over crops and livestock.” —Liesl Clark, “Ice Mummies of the Inca,” NOVA, November 24, 1998 Based on the quote and information from the chapter, write a paragraph explaining how the rugged landscape of the Andes shaped Inca culture and beliefs.

T H E I N C A W O R S H I P P E D T H E P E A K S O F T H E M I G H T Y A N D E S W H E R E T H E Y C O U L D B E

C L O S E R T O T H E S U N G O D . T H E Y P E R F O R M E D R I T U A L I Z E D H U M A N S A C R I F I C E S I N T H E M O U N T A I N S T O P L E A S E T H E M O U N T A I N

G O D S W H O C O U L D D E T E R M I N E T H E F A T E O F T H E I R C R O P S A N D L I V E S T O C K .

Possible Answer