unit #2: everything you wanted to know about verbs but were afraid to ask

Unit #2: Everything You Wanted To Know

About Verbs But Were Afraid To Ask

Chapter 3:The Logic of the Seemingly

Illogical English Verb

The Five Verb Forms • base form (present tense): Laugh, eat • - s form (present, 3rd person, singular):

laughs, eats• - ed form (past tense): laughed, ate • - ing form (present participle): laughing,

eating• - en form (past participle): laughed, eaten

Auxiliary-Verb Combinations• Auxiliaries: helping verbs• The grammar teacher has eaten the

donuts as bribery. • The cholesterol will be clogging his

arteries.

Verb-Expansion Rule:

Predicating Verb

Auxiliary Main Verb

T (M) (have + -en) (be + -ing) MV

Verb Expansion Rule:T (M) (have + -en) (be + -ing) MV

Tense: Present or Past

Tense: Present or PastModal: Will/Would, Shall/Should,

Can/Could, May/Might, Must, Ought to

Modals affect mood: Indicative, Conditional, and Subjunctive,

Ex: I have hidden the gravy from you.

Ex: I should have hidden the gravy from you.

Ex: I should have been hiding the gravy from you.

Ex: I will now be hiding the gravy from you.

Now let’s practice some more, Daquan.

Verb Tenses:• pres + understand

Verb Tenses:• pres + understand • understands (Simple Present)

• pres + be + -ing + sleep

• pres + be + -ing + sleep • am sleeping (Present Progressive)

• past + take

• past + take• took (Simple Past)

• past + be + -ing + cry

• past + be + -ing + cry•was crying (Past Progressive)

Verb Tenses:• pres + have + -en + go

Verb Tenses:• pres + have + -en + go• have gone (Present Perfect)

• past + have + -en + swim

• past + have + -en + swim• had swum (Past Perfect)

• pres + have + - en + be + -ing + want

• pres + have + - en + be + -ing + want• have been wanting

(Present Perfect Progressive)

Verb Tenses:• past + have + -en + be + -ing + put

Verb Tenses:• past + have + -en + be + -ing + put• had been putting

(Past Perfect Progressive)

(Past Perfect Progressive) • pres + will + begin

(Past Perfect Progressive) • pres + will + begin•will begin (Future)

• pres + will + have + -en + know

• pres + will + have + -en + know•will have known (Future Perfect)

Active & Passive Voice

Read and compare the following sentences:

Only one fatality was suffered by visitors to amusement parks that year.

Only one fatality was suffered by visitors to amusement parks that year.That year visitors to amusementparks suffered only one fatality.

PASSIVE Only one fatality was suffered by

VOICE visitors to amusement parks that year.

That year visitors to amusementparks suffered only one fatality.

ACTIVE That year visitors to amusement

VOICE parks suffered only one fatality.

Passive Voice

The subject RECEIVES the action.

Active Voice

That year visitors to amusement parks suffered only one fatality.

The subject PERFORMS the action.

Passive Voice Active Voice

1. We were attacked by circus midgets.

1. Circus midgets attacked us.

2. The truth was known around the school about Marsh’s addiction to donuts.1. Circus midgets

attacked us.

2. Everyone around the school knew the truth about Marsh’s addiction to donuts.

Use Transitive Verbs

Estelle and Buster were riders in the first roller coaster car.

Estelle and Buster rode the first roller coaster car.

Verb Expansion Rule: Active VoiceT (M) (have + -en) (be + -ing) MV

Verb Expansion Rule: Passive VoiceT (M) (have + -en) (be + -ing) be + -en MV

Active Pattern VII:

Mr. Cantrell uncomfortably caressed the Van Gogh canvas at the museum.

Passive Pattern VII:

The Van Gogh canvas at the museum was uncomfortably caressed by Mr. Cantrell.

Active Pattern VIII:

The school nurse gave Mr. Dougherty a good scolding for his oppressive elbow stink.

Passive Pattern VIII:

Mr. Dougherty was given a good scolding for his oppressive elbow stink by the school nurse.

Passive Pattern VIII (option 2):

A good scolding was given by the school nurse to Mr. Dougherty for his oppressive elbow stink.

Active Pattern IX:

We painted our faces green for St. Patrick’s Day.

Passive Pattern IX:

Our faces were painted green for St. Patrick’s Day.

Active Pattern X:

We found Mr. Shockey’s quizzes to be a joke.

Passive Pattern X:

Mr. Shockey’s quizzes were found to be a joke (by us).

Modals affect mood:• Indicative: fact or a question about a fact– We will go soon.– When will you be leaving?

Modals affect mood:• Conditional: – Probability (I may eat)– Possibility (I could eat)– Obligation (I should eat)– Necessity (I must eat)

Modals affect mood:• Subjunctive: does not involve modal

auxiliaries• In that clauses after verbs conveying a

strong suggestion or recommendation, we use the base form of the verb:– We suggested that Cristina go with us.– Sarah insisted that Kevin consult the

doctor.–I move that the meeting be adjourned.

Modals affect mood:• In IF clauses that express a wish or a

condition contrary to fact, we use were as the standard form of be, no matter what the subject:• If I were a rich man, . . . • If I were you, I’d be careful.• If Regan weren’t so lazy, she’d

probably be a millionaire.

Modals affect mood:• If clauses that discuss a possible

condition rather than a wish or a condition contrary to fact is NOT subjunctive:• If it is cold tomorrow, we’ll cancel the

picnic.

Exceptions & Problem Verbs:

Let’s dissect the following verb string:

They were finished eating their dinner by nine o’clock.

After Marsh’s class, we began reflecting upon why he likes grammar so much.

When Jeff awoke in the morning, to his dismay, the donuts were gone.