unit 10 nixon to present day. nixon and china nixon doctrine, 1969 us will no longer provide direct...
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Nixon and China
Nixon Doctrine, 1969US will no longer provide direct military aid to any country
in AsiaChina
Nixon met with communist leader Mao ZedongAgree to more open diplomacy and reducing tension with
China
Policy Toward USSR
SALT: Strategic Arms Limitations TalksPlaces a limit on the number of nuclear weapons each
country will keep.Détente = Foreign policy implemented to ease the
hostilities between the US and USSR; purpose was to prevent open conflict
Watergate Affair
Nixon’s participation in the Watergate break-in was investigated by Senate (checks and balances)
With impeachment pending, Nixon resigned as President American faith and trust in the government is destroyed Proves that laws apply equally to all citizens of the US Principal of ‘executive privilege’ weakened Gerald Ford succeeded Nixon to presidency
• Only president to not be elected at all• He pardoned Nixon from prosecution
Carter’s Domestic Policies
Stagflation Slow-down of consumer buying plus high taxes and oil embargoes Too much money going towards social welfare; government can’t keep up Trade deficit: buying more from other countries than we sell
Energy Crisis US was importing over 40% of its oil OPEC policies kept fuel prices high; US placed trade embargo on OPEC
oil Carter’s plan to conserve energy caused an oil shortage Carter promotes researching alternate fuel sources
Vietnam: Carter pardons all draft dodgers
Carter’s Foreign Policy
Camp David Accords: Successful negotiation of peace treaty in Middle East (Israel,
Egypt)Secures US access to oil because there was less conflict in the
Middle East USSR invaded Afghanistan, ending the US policy of détente
US boycotted the 1980 Olympic Games held in Moscow Iranian Hostage Crisis:
When Islamic extremists took over Iran, they protested America’s favorable treatment of the former leader by taking over the American embassy and holding 50 Americans hostage
Ronald Reagan
Supply-Side EconomicsTax cuts for big businesses to encourage increased hiringThe theory that the government can best stimulate the economy
by cutting taxes to encourage investment in businesses. National Budget
Major cuts to social welfare to balance lower taxes Defense
Increased spending on missiles and space satellites Trade Imbalance
US still importing more than it exports (particularly from Japan)Increases national deficit
Reagan’s Domestic Policies
Aid to FarmersGovernment paid farmers not to plant certain crops to
address farm recession (due to overproduction)Similar to FDR’s Agricultural Adjustment Act
Immigration Reform and Control ActAttempt to control illegal immigrationIllegal to hire undocumented immigrants
Distribution of WealthDue to social welfare cuts, gap between wealthy and
poor widens
Reagan’s 1st Term Foreign Policy
USSREvil Institution that should not be negotiated with (No
détente)Central America
US aids guerillas in Latin America fighting against communism
Middle EastTurmoil is religious-basedUS fails at keeping peace in Lebanon
Reagan’s 2nd Term Foreign Policy
Iran-Contra ScandalPresident’s aids sold weapons to Iranian rebels to overthrow extreme
Islamic governmentProfits funneled to Nicaragua to fund guerillasReagan was uninvolved in scandalBuilds American distrust in government
DétenteGorbachev calls for renewed détente in 1985
End of the Cold WarUSSR allows some satellite nations to begin implementing
democratic governments
The Cold War Ends
Timeline of War’s End 1989: Berlin Wall torn down 1990: communist governments of eastern Europe fall 1991: USSR dissolved
US opens economic relationship with Russia Effects on US
• Major cuts to defense spending causes economic downturn in US• Major companies downsize to continue making a reasonable profit
Self- Interest in Foreign Issues
PanamaWar on drugsUS troops invade Panama to capture Manuel Noriega (drug cartel)Purpose: stop the flow of drugs into the US & eliminate
government that was unfriendly to US Persian Gulf War
1990: Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait (US oil supplier)
UN approved use of its troops for Operation Desert Storm to invade Kuwait and remove Hussein
Purpose: US protecting its supply of oil
Bill Clinton
• DOMESTIC• Healthcare Reform
– First attempt to nationalize healthcare– Attempts thwarted by Republican congress
• Economic Reform– Tax increases for middle and upper class– 1st time national budget was balanced since 1830s
• Impeachment– Clinton charged with perjury and obstruction of justice in 1998– Acquitted by Senate
Bill Clinton (continued)
• FOREIGN• The Middle East
– Camp David Summit to try to work out peace between Israel and Palestine• Former Yugoslavia
– Tensions over self-determination of Balkans led to war and ethnic cleansing in Bosnia
– US sends troops to protect the rights of people living there (humanitarian)• Latin America
– US troops sent to Haiti to maintain peace and protect people living there• Interdependent Global Economy
– North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
• Break trade barriers in North America
The War on Terror
Acts of Terror:1993: Car bomb attack on WTC leaves 6 dead9/11/01: 2 Hijacked planes flew into WTC buildings causing buildings
to collapse; 1 plane flew into the Pentagon; 1 plane was supposed to hit the White House
War on Terror (Iraq, Afghanistan)Iraq: Remove Saddam Hussein from power and establish
democracyAfghanistan: Overthrow extreme Taliban government; search for al-
Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden (found and killed in May 2011)Struggle to establish peace and democracies and the Middle East
continues
Other Foreign Issues Effects of 9/11 at Home
President George W. Bush sets up Department of Homeland Security
Patriot Act: limits constitutional liberties in an effort to protect national security
Tightened security at airports, bridges, tunnels, nuclear power plants
North Korea - Today, democracies have issues with North Korea and nuclear weapons
Iran - Concern over nuclear weapons
Current Domestic Issues
Moved from production-based to serve-based since the 1970s
Has shown signs of recession since 2007Recession of 2008 was the worst economic downturn
since the Great DepressionGovernment response to recession increased power of
federal governmentOutsourcing: Many companies have moved their lower
paying jobs to countries like India (less jobs for Americans)
Domestic Issues (continued)
ImmigrationBecame an even more serious issue after 9/11 attacksPush for stricter immigration policies
ComputersStorage of personal information could compromise privacy
Multi-National CorporationsBusinesses with headquarters in many parts of the world (e.g.
Coca-Cola, McDonald’s)Effects: Reduced competition
• AT&T, Microsoft, Standard Oil: all prosecuted for violation of anti-trust legislation
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