unit 1: the earth and the universe
Post on 15-Apr-2017
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UniverseUniverse
Stars: they release light and heat
Planets: they don´t release light and heat
They orbit the starsSatellites: they don´t release light and heat
They orbit the planets
Asteroids: solid rocks.
they orbit the stars
Comets: balls of cosmic dust and ice
Meteors: small objects (rock and ice)
Nebulae: clouds of dust and gases
Space: dust and gases
Black holes: regions where gravity prevents anything from scaping
Nebulae
The solar system
It´s …
What can you see?
Conditions for life:a) temperature
b) water
c) atmosphere
The Earth
Parallels MeridiansImaginary lines thatrun East to West.
Imaginary lines that run from the North Pole to the South Pole.
2.- Latitude and longitude
Latitude LongitudeThe distance between a point on the Earth´s surface and the Equator.
The distance between a point on the Earth´s surface and the Prime Meridian.
2.- Latitude and longitude: the geographic coordinates
An imaginary grid
Longitude
WhatCities can weFind followingThe next coordinates?
0
Earth´s rotation
The Earth rotates once on its axis every 24 hours
Consequences
Day and night
The Sun´s apparent movement
The Earth is moving…
Axial tilt
Axial tilt
Day and night
Time zones
– 24 hours: rotation 360º– 24 time zones
– 360 º planet Earth : each time zone 15º = 24 hours
– 1 hour each time zone 24 hours: 24 zones
Revolution• How long? 365 5 h. 48´ 45
´´
•Consequences
Seasons
Length of the day and night
Summer in the Northern hemisphereWinter in the Southern hemisphere
• Summer solstice (june)
• The part illuminated in the North is bigger: longer days.• The North Pole is always illuminated.•Shorter days in the Southern hemisphere
Summer in the southern hemispherewinter in the Northern hemisphere
•The part illuminated in the South is bigger: longer days. •The South Pole is always illuminated.•The Norht Pole is in darkness: Northern hemisphere winter.
Midnight sun in Norway(60 degrees North)
Night in the winter: Norway
Spring in the Northern hemisphere(Equinox in march)
• Neither of the Poles are bending towards the sun.
• Both hemispheres are equally illuminated.
Autumn in the Northern hemisphere(equinox in september)
•Neither of the Poles are bending towards the sun.•Both hemispheres are equally illuminated.
Summer solstice in the Northern hemisphere
• The sunrays are vertical in the tropic of Cancer
Winter solstice in the Northern hemisphere
• The sunrays are vertical in the tropic of Capricorn
Equinoxes
• The sunrays are vertical at the Equator
CLIMATE ZONESTropics Temperate zones Polar regions
High temperaturesthroughout the year
Different number of daylight hours
Low temperatures throughout the year
Little differences between seasons
Four seasons Summer and winter Low temperatures
CLIMATE ZONES
•What is cartography?
The study of maps•Three characteristics of maps
They are simple, reduced and use colours and symbols
•Are map projections accurate?
No, they are distorted representations of the Earth.
A.- Cylindrical projection: MERCATOR
MAP PROJECTIONS
B.- Projection onto a plane
C.- A conical projection
Scale• Graphic scale: line divided into equal parts.
• Numerical scale: relationship between a unit of distance on a map (1cm) and the real distance (100.000 cm.= 1000 m.)
– Large: 1: 5000-1:50000 (1cm.-50m.---1cm.-500 m.)– Intermediate:1: 50 000- 1: 100.000 (500 m - 1km.)– Small: 1: 100 000… (1km…)
TopographicMap:Relief, towns andRoads also.
KINDS OF MAPS
Thematic:Population,Climate,Whatever…
Virtual map
Aerial photography
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