unit 1: the basics of geography chapter 4: human geography
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Unit 1: The Basics of Geography
Chapter 4: Human Geography
Chapter 4, Section 1: Culture
What is Culture?
• Total knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors shared by and passed on by members of a specific group. – Food– Religion– Education– Government– Entertainment– Language
Culture
• Race vs. Ethnicity– Race: physical characteristics (skin color)– Ethnicity: heritage (where you came from)
Language
• Dialect-versions of a language– You guys vs. y’all– Shopping cart vs. buggy– Pop vs. soda
• Lingua Franca- the main language used for government and business purposes
Religion
• Monotheistic-belief in one god• Polytheistic- belief in many gods• Major Religions:– Hinduism– Buddhism – Judaism– Christianity– Islam
Chapter 4, Section 2:Population Geography
Birth and Death Rates
• Birthrate- number of live births per thousand population
• Fertility rate-average number of children a woman would have in her lifetime
• Mortality/death rate-number of deaths per thousand people
• Infant mortality rate-number of deaths among infants under age one per thousand babies born.
• Rate of natural increase = population growth rate
Population Pyramids
Population Pyramids
Population Pyramids
Chapter 4, Section 3:Political Geography
Territories of the World
• State-independent unit that occupies territory (land)
• Nation-group of people with a common culture living in a territory
• Nation-State-nation and a state occupy the same land
Types of Government
• Democracy-citizens hold political power
• Monarchy-ruling family (king/queen) holds power and may/may not share this power with citizens
Types of Government
• Dictatorship-individual or group holds complete political power
• Communism-government and economic system, nearly all political power and means of production are held by the government in the name of all the people.
Chapter 4, Section 4:Urban Geography
Urban Areas• Cities-centers of business and culture• Suburbs-built-up area around cities • Urbanization-rise in the number of cities
Land Use Patterns • Residential• Industrial • Commercial
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