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FISITA
UNECE LEGISLATIVE ROAD MAP
WORLDWIDE HARMONIZED REGULATION
Bernard Gauvin Chairman of WP 29
30/09/2014 Bernard GAUVIN 1
FISITA
WP 29 WORLD FORUM FOR HARMONIZATION OF VEHICLE REGULATIONS
§ Permanent working party within the UN organization
§ 6 permanent groups of specialized experts Ø Flexible creation of ad hoc groups
§ Uses best available scientific and engineering expertise
§ Administers two globally opened regulatory agreements
Participants to WP29
§ Governments contracting parties to an agreement administered by WP 29
§ Observers governements
§ NGO with UN consultative status : Ø Industries
Ø Motorists
Ø Consumers
30/09/2014 Bernard GAUVIN 2
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OPERATION OF WP29
30/09/2014 3 Bernard GAUVIN
Administrative Committee
AC2
WP 29 Permanent groups
of specialized experts GRs
Ad hoc groups with specific
termes of reference
Administrative Committee of the 1958 Agreement
AC 1 Vote
Administrative Committee of the 1958 Agreement
AC 3 Vote
UN regulations UN gtrs
1
6 6
7 7
2
5 4
3
FISITA
1958 AGREEMENT § Complete regulations
Ø technical specifications
Ø Type approvals procedure
Ø COP
§ Decision by 2/3 majority (only negative votes count)
§ CP decide if they adopt or not any regulation
§ Adopt means Ø Introduce the UN regulation in the national systems (optional or mandatory)
Ø Accept type approvals granted by CP adopting the regulation
Ø Grant type approvals
Ø Vote for future amendments
§ 132 regulations annexed to the agreement (frequent and flexible adaptation to technical progress)
§ Influence of the 1958 agreement Ø Through CPs : ≈ 50 , growing every year
Ø Through unilateral adoption of regulations, including former versions (ex : EURO 1 to 6…)
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1998 AGREEMENT § GTRs : technical provisions, no administrative procedures
§ Decision by unanimous consent of CPs present and voting
§ CPs not voting è no committment
§ CPs voting è submit the GTR to national procedure of ratification Ø No binding committment
Ø Report yearly on implementation to WP29
§ CPs to both agreement Ø Transpose the GTR in a 1958 Agreement regulation
§ 15 GTRs established in the global registry
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CURRENT EMISSIONS REGULATION «Euro6» : 715/2007*136/2014 è ECE R83, R101, R24, R103 et R85
§ Type I : Tailpipe emissions at 20-30°C + CO2 emissions, fuel consumption, electric energy consumption and electric range
§ Type II : Idle emissions
§ Type III : Crankcase emissions
§ Type IV : Evaporative emissions
§ Type V : Durability 160 000 km
§ Type VI : Low temperature tailpipe emissions at -7°C
§ In-service conformity
§ OBD : On-board diagnostics
§ Smoke opacity of the engine
§ Engine power
Ø Application dates : o M + N1 cl1 è New Type : 01/09/2014 o M + N1 cl1 è All Type : 01/09/2015
o N1 cl2-cl3 è New Type : 01/09/2018
o N1 cl2-cl3 è All Type : 01/09/2019
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CO2 REGULATION • EC Regulation 443/2009 for Passenger Cars:
Ø 130g CO2/km in 2015
Ø 95g CO2/km in 2021
• EC Regulation 510/2011 for Light Commercial Vehicles:
Ø 175g CO2/km in 2017
Ø 147g CO2/km in 2020
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Current measurements on NEDC cycle
CO2 correlation exercise between NEDC and WLTP ongoing
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WLTC § 4 individual sections : low/medium/high/extra-high
§ Sequence of idles and short trips
§ Total duration: 1800 s
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WLTC VS NEDC NEDC (4ECE+EUDC) WLTC v5
Total dura*on (s) 1180 1800
Total distance (km) 11,03 23,26
Average speed (km/h) 33,6 46,5
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Accelera'on (m/s2) and speed profiles (km/h)
WLTC NEDC
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WLTP NEXT STEPS
§ Phase 1 (2014…) : completion of first draft of GTR adopted (March 2014)
§ Phase 2 (2016…) : low temperature; high altitude test procedure; durability; in-service conformity; On board diagnostics (OBD); mobile air conditionning (MAC) system energy efficiency; off-cycle/real driving emissions
§ Phase 3 (2018…) : emission limit values and OBD threshold limits; definition of reference fuels; …
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FISITA
3 WAYS TOWARDS GREENER MOBILITY 1) Reduce car use
Ø Less mobility demands ( organization of work and housing) Ø Mobility without motor vehicle Ø PSVs, carpooling, traffic management, …
2) Reduce energy demand Ø Weight Ø Rolling resistance Ø Aerodynamic drag
3) Greener power
3 categories of vehicles are likely to coexist in the next 30-50 years
Ø Improved ICE (including alternative fuels and biofuels)
Ø Electric vehicles (battery and fuel cell)
Ø Hybrids and plug in hybrids
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2
3
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ELECTRIC VEHICLE (1) § Ultimate ZEV è ideal for urban and suburban use
§ No dependance of fossil fuels Ø Unanimous governmental support
Ø Ambitious regulatory program decided by WP29
§ Safety aspects of the WP29 program Ø In use
o Protection against electrical shock
o Requirements for conductive and inductive charging
o Requirements for RESS risks
Ø Crash o Protection against electrical shock
o RESS crashworthiness
o RESS safety assessment
§ Noise issue (safety for the blinds)
§ Electro Magnetic Compatibility
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FISITA
ELECTRIC VEHICLE (2)
§ Environmental Aspect
§ Preparation of an EV regulatory reference guide
§ Items to be included in a GTR
§ Vehicle range and energy consumption testing Ø Vehicle range and energy consumption testing
Ø Method of stating energy consumption
Ø Battery performance and durability
Ø Battery recycling
§ Controversy over a standardized method of calculating GHG emission associated to electric vehicles
(extremely different national and regional situations)
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FISITA
PLUG IN HYBRID VEHICLE § Takes the best of both motorization
Ø Electric mobility for urban and suburban use
Ø Hybrid for long distance
§ No demand for a dedicated charging infrastructure
§ No limitation of vehicle range
§ French mobility survey
Ø 83 % of trips < 20 km
§ Possible fuel economy for commuters : 60 to 70 %
30/09/2014 14 Bernard GAUVIN
FISITA
ROAD MAP TO GREENER POWERING § Greener powering è more expensive cars
Ø Fuel savings do not compensate the extra cost
§ Consumer cost minded, not emissions minded Ø Need to compensate, one way or the other, the extra cost
§ Role of WP29 Ø Swift adaptation of regulations to innovation
Ø Cost effective regulations
§ National governments : promote greener powering through fiscal, administrative and regulatory incentives
§ National road maps depend on energy and industrial strategies
§ Previsions of development of greener powering (French AT, report sept 2012) Ø Moderate progression of EVs in the next years
Ø EU market 2030 : o ≤ 10 % Evs
o 15 to 20 % PHVs
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