underutilized capsicum pepper diversity in its andean centre of origin
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Underutilized Capsicum pepper diversity in its Andean centre of
origin
Advances in high-value differentiation
Maarten van Zonneveld, Marleni Ramirez, David Williams, Michael Petz, Sven Meckelmann, Teresa Avila, Carlos Bejarano, Llermé Rios, Mathias Jaeger,
Dimary Libreros, Karen Amaya, Xavier Scheldeman
August 6, International Crop Science Congress, Bento Gonçalves, Brazil
Hypothesis
PurposeTake advantage of the growing demand for differentiated, high-value foods and ingredients by focusing on Capsicum peppers in Peru and Bolivia as a model for enhancing the use of under-exploited crop diversity and the benefits derived by small-scale farmers who produce them.
Enhancing the use of native and neglected crop diversity will increase in situ conservation of agrobiodiversity and will result in higher incomes, more sustainable production systems and other benefits for small-scale farmers.
How…
Understand and conserve diversity
Identify promising material
Identify markets and understand value chains
Multi-actorplatforms
Good agricultural and post-harvest practises
How…
Hohenheim University, Department of Tropical and Subtropical Agriculture (Germany)
Hannover University, Institute of Environmental Economics and Global Trade (Germany)
Wuppertal University , Department of Food Chemistry (Germany)
Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA) (Peru)
Fundación PROINPA (Bolivia)
Centro de Investigaciones Fitoecogenéticas de Pairumani (CIFP) (Bolivia)
Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos (ITA) (Bolivia)
Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina (UNALM) (Peru)
Multi-disciplinary team
Bolivia: centre of Capsicum origin
Neotropical origin, at the moment 40 Capsicum species described according GRIN taxonomy
Project focus on Bolivia and Peru
Capsicum baccatum
Capsicum annuum
Capsicum chinense
Capsicum frutescens
Five cultivated species
Capsicum pubescens
Peru: centre of cultivated Capsicum pepper diversity
C. annuumC. baccatumC. chinenseC. pubescens
Mercado Puerto MaldonadoMercado Iquitos
C. chinenseC. frutescens
Understand and conserve diversity
Identify promising material
In each country:• A geographically representative ex situ collection
• Taxonomic identification, morphological and molecular characterization
• Selection of 100 accessions representative for taxonomic and ecogeographic diversity for biochemical screening
• Selection of 40 promising material representative for the wide range of functional attributes for further field evaluation
• Selection of 15 elite material with commercial attributes
Ex situ conservation
Peru: 711 accessions including germplasm of the 5 cultivated species (299 C. Pubescens accessions)
Bolivia: 494 accessions including germplasm of the 5 cultivated species and 7 wild relatives
Species: Capsicum annuum
Region: Lambayeque
Selection criteria:
-Agromorfological promising characteristics
- ají cerezo type
- Representativeness of C. annuum
Tasting:
Delicious, tasteful, braised beef aroma, pungent
Examples of promising material
Species: Capsicum chinense
Region: San Martín
Selection criteria:
ají charapita type
Tasting: subtle, aromatic, low pungency, good colour, rich of flavours
Examples of promising material
Capsaicinoids
mg/100g
Polifenols
g/100g
TEAC mmol/100g
Vit. Cmg/100g
Fat g/100g
ASTA 20.1
h Quercetinmg/100g
1391 2.70 7.7 24 10.9 25 65.1 26.6
LPI-PUC (pucunucho) Foto: Daniela Hirsh
Sample arrival in Wuppertal and analyses in 2011
PROINPA, ITAPairumani 114
CIDRA 23
INIA 19
UNALM 25
ICTA 38
__________________Sum 225
Between 450 and 550 samples expected to be analyzed in 2012 including Mexican samples
Influence of drying and grinding on important attributes
Vitamine C
Antioxidative cap.
Polifenols
Capsaicinoids
Extractable color (ASTA 20.1)
Fresh
Freeze-dried
30°C oven-dried
50°C oven-dried
Boxplot presentation
Minimum
25 %
50 % = Median
75 %
Maximum
allsamples
Concentration
or
Intensity
or
.
.
.
.
Region NumbersPeru INIA 25Peru CIDRA 23Peru UNALM 25Bolivia 114Guatemala 38
Capsaicinoids(mg/100g)
Total polyphenols(g/100g) Region Numbers
Peru INIA 25Peru CIDRA 23Peru UNALM 25Bolivia 114Guatemala 38
Fat (g/100 g) Region Numbers
Peru INIA 25Peru CIDRA 23Peru UNALM 25Bolivia 114Guatemala 38
Multi-site evaluation Identification of elite material with commercial attributes uniquely performing in specific environments
Still to be finished before the end of the project (February 2013)
• Use and evaluation of promising material by farmers and entrepreneurs for development of high-value products
• Identification in each evaluation site of elite material with commercial attributes
• Completion of biochemical analysis to understand variation of biochemical attributes between different environments
• Molecular characterization of ~800 accessions with 16 microsatellites to better understand intra-specific diversity
Thank youMaarten van Zonneveld
m.vanzonneveld@cgiar.org
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