understanding the costs and benefits of net zero design

The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 5 June 2013 | 1 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM

Understanding the Costs and Benefits of

Net Zero Design

Lisa Matthiessen, FAIA

Laura Lesniewski, AIA

Peter Morris, MRICS

introduction

• Background

• Statistical Analysis

• Design Thinking at the Building Scale

• Design Thinking at the Community Scale

• Value

agenda

introduction

• Business case = cash value

• S(ocial)ROI = monetize everything

• Carrying capacity = getting beyond costs

How do we value the immeasurable?

Abundance

Generous living

Wellbeing

The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 17 May 2013 | 4 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM

introduction

Cost Analysis $$

Design Strategies $$, EUI

Thinking Framework $$, EUI, other metrics,

beyond measurable

Marshaling resources

to deliver the

best outcome

background

Packard Sustainability Report and Matrix 2001, 2002

Cost of Green I and II 2004, 2007

Living Building Study 2009

background

Packard Sustainability

Report and Matrix 2001, 2002

Authors:

David & Lucile Packard Foundation

BNIM Architects

Hawley Peterson Snyder Architects

Keen Engineering

Oppenheim Lewis

Holland Design

background

Examining the

Cost of Green

Revisited

2007 Author:

Davis Langdon

background

Living Building

Financial Study

2009 Authors:

Cascadia Region Green Building Council Sera Architects Skanska USA Building Gerding Edlen Interface Engineering New Buildings Institute

statistical analysis

data gathered

• Project details (program, rating, location, etc)

• Construction cost

• Construction costs detail

• Projected operating costs (energy and water)

• Actual operating costs

• Anecdotal evidence

building types

• community centers (learning/visitor)

• K-12 schools

• office buildings – low-rise

• wet labs

• libraries

• office buildings – T.I.

• Healthcare

• High rise mixed use/residential

approach

normalize data

• common location

• common time

establish comparison baseline

• the project’s original budget

• the project itself, without

the green elements

• similar projects

The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 5 June 2013 | 15 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM statistical analysis

community centers statistical analysis early data

K-12 schools statistical analysis early data

office buildings – low-rise statistical analysis early data

wet lab statistical analysis early data

energy use intensity: energy star rating by city statistical analysis

energy use intensity: by climate zone statistical analysis

energy use intensity statistical analysis early data

Innovatio

Adoption

Maturity Decline

value discovery

cost drivers

Location

Climate

Program

Team expertise

Client commitment

design thinking

at the building scale

PROGRAM

• Flexible laboratories for molecular

and cutting edge computational

biology

• Support for cutting-edge computational biology

SUSTAINABILITY GOALS

• “The most sustainable lab building

in the world”

• Minimum 50% less energy use and

on-site power generation

• Carbon neutral – without "buying”

carbon offsets

• Capture 100% rainwater on site

• Reduce domestic water demand

• Net-zero waste water

• Natural ventilation and light in all

occupied spaces

J. CRAIG VENTER INSTITUTE GOALS & ASPIRATIONS

1. Identify unique opportunities

of location

2. Organize Program

(Occupancy Use and Time)

3. Analyze Actual Loads

(Right-size everything)

4. High Performance

Architecture

(Envelope, Sunshading,

Daylighting)

5. Decouple Thermal &

Ventilation

(Utilize the most efficient

systems and equipment

available / heat recovery)

6. Select Renewable Sources

of Energy

Images courtesy of JCVI

J. CRAIG VENTER INSTITUTE DESIGN PROCESS

Area Available =

“Energy Budget”

PV Output Required = 4x Roof Area Available

J. CRAIG VENTER INSTITUTE ACHIEVING NET ZERO

“Energy Budget”

J. CRAIG VENTER INSTITUTE ORIENTATION, MASSING,

ENVELOPE

Images courtesy of JCVI

J. CRAIG VENTER INSTITUTE ORIENTATION, MASSING,

ENVELOPE

“Energy Budget”

J. CRAIG VENTER INSTITUTE MEP, LIGHTING

“Energy Budget”

J. CRAIG VENTER INSTITUTE OPTIMIZE PLUG LOADS,

EQUIPMENT

“Energy Budget”

J. CRAIG VENTER INSTITUTE ON-SITE PHOTOVOLTAICS

J. CRAIG VENTER INSTITUTE NET ZERO TARGET

Architects: EHDD

ILFI Net Zero Energy

60% over ASHRAE 90.1

IDeAs Z Squared Design Facility EUI = 22.6

• High user comfort

• Reuse the existing building

• Good insulation (R-19

walls, R-30 ceiling)

• Daylight and views

• High performance glass +

skylights

• Dynamic glass

• Operable windows

• Drought tolerant planting

• Direct reuse of demo

materials

60% reduction in existing site paving

Building Integrated PV entrance

canopy and PV cool roof

Access to public transportation

concepts: architectural

Dynamic (electrochromic) glass – east facade

Radiant heating

Radiant cooling

Ground source heat pump

Natural ventilation

Dedicated OA air handler

CO2 sensors - demand

ventilation

Displacement ventilation

Night time purge

Heat pump waste heat

capture for warm water

concepts: mechanical/plumbing

Low flow faucets

Dual flush toilets

Waterless urinals

High efficiency light sources

Astronomic time clocks

Task/ambient lighting

Individual occupancy sensor task

lighting controls

Occupant sensor ambient

lighting controls

Mesopic lighting

Light pollution reduction

Daylight switching photosensors

Daylight dimming photosensors

Photovoltaic systems

Upsized wiring

High efficiency transformer

Energy star equipment

Plug load controls

Wireless data

concepts: electrical/lighting

Predicted EUI

32.6 Actual EUI

IDeAs Office: net annual energy use (2009)

Sunnyvale, CA

Sharp Development

RMW Architecture

30,000 gsf

Net Zero within

standard budget

projects | 435 Indio predicted EUI = 22.5

concepts: mechanical/architectural

• Automatically controlled passive night cooling

• Upgraded exterior insulation allows precooling of

thermal mass walls

• Ceiling fans extend comfort temperature range

• Custom operable skylights use prevailing

breezes to induce internal airflow

• High efficiency/ low cost rooftop package units

used only as needed (rarely)

• High performance glazing – no need for external

shades

impact of night purge: typical day

55 °F

60 °F

65 °F

70 °F

75 °F

80 °F

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Automated Windows OA Temp

West Zone AirTempWest Zone MRT

Slab Temp

55 °F

60 °F

65 °F

70 °F

75 °F

80 °F

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Closed Windows OA Temp

West Zone AirTempWest Zone MRT

Slab Temp

concepts: electrical/lighting

• Daylighting to all spaces, except toilets and utility closets

• Skylights designed to provide equal light levels in summer and winter,

and 15% higher levels at equinox

• High efficiency LED lighting (.5W/sf)

• Integral daylight, occupancy, and temperature sensors at every light

fixture

• Individually controlled desk fans and task lights

• Metering by load type (lighting, plug loads, mechanical)

• Building energy use dashboard

• Occupancy sensor controlled plug strips

concepts: financial

• Performance based lease provides carrot (and stick) for good

occupant behaviour

• Added construction cost = $44/sf including 32,000 sf PV array

• Drastically reduced reserve requirements for maintenance and HVAC

• Reduced operating expenses – utilities, landscape, etc

• Demisability to reduce churn costs

• Unanticipated cost reductions (e.g. no mechanical screen)

• IF actual energy use meets predicted, than the financial model is

more profitable than standard practice (build to code)

• Future projects – higher rents and lease rates

design thinking

community scale

community scale: impact of behavior design thinking courtesy of Bioregional

Beddington Zero Energy Development

(U.K.) actual reductions in carbon

58% = building envelope, equipment & renewable energy

42% = behavior changes (food, personal transport, waste)

Lifestyle and behavior changes

are important!

community scale: impact of behavior design thinking courtesy of Bioregional

Sonoma Mountain Village (U.S.)

predicted reductions in carbon

31% = building envelope, equipment & renewable energy

69% = behavior changes (food, personal transport, waste)

Lifestyle and behavior changes

are important!

design thinking courtesy of Bioregional

community scale: design

Supporting sustainable behavior

through design

community scale: design design thinking courtesy of Bioregional

• Information in public spaces

• Exterior, landscape, parks +

gardens

• Front entrance

• Elevators + stairwells

• Collaborative consumption

facilities / prompts

• Car parking + bike parking

• Garbage rooms, signage,

receptacles

• Compost collection

infrastructure/services

• Leasing center

• + more

community scale design thinking

community scale

Vision:

• scientific thought and intuitive imagination

• vibrant model of regenerative community

living

• transformational integration of educations,

agriculture, arts, economics, and science

Focus on:

• Water

• Energy

• Integrated ecological cycling of nutrients,

energy, uses

• High-performance built environment

design thinking

community scale

carrying capacity

ecological performance

design thinking

Analysis Landscape Ecology and Hydrologic Systems

The Power of Zero: Optimizing Value for Next Generation Green | 5 June 2013 | 57 BNIM | Integral Group | Davis Langdon/AECOM Guiding Principles

Greensburg KS

Blessed with a unique opportunity

to create a strong community

devoted to family,

fostering business,

working together for future generations.

Energy

Promote a high level of efficiency in new construction

and look to renewable options for generation.

100% renewable

energy generation

43% energy cost

savings compared to

code (HERS ratings*)

K-12 SCHOOL

42% energy savings

compared to code

regen design thinking

wellbeing

Gallup Study

150 countries

>98% of world population

Interdependent

• Career Wellbeing

• Social Wellbeing

• Financial Wellbeing

• Physical Wellbeing

• Community Wellbeing

blue zones

Blue Zones

• Sardinia, Italy

• Okinawa, Japan

• Loma Linda, California

• Nicoya Peninsula, Costa Rica

• Ikeria, Greece

BETTER

blue zones

Secrets of a Long Life

• Move naturally

• Hara hachi bu (80% full)

• Plant slant

• Grapes of life (in moderation)

• Purpose now (big picture)

• Downshift (relieve stress)

• Belong (spiritual community)

• Loved ones first

• Right tribe (shared values)

optimizing value for next generation green

• establishing value

• setting a vision

• budgeting resources

- money

- environmental inputs

• creating the environment for success

- community

- communication

- shared risk

- humble expertise

optimizing value for next generation green value

When we were children words were colored

(Harlot and murder were dark purple)

And language was a prism, the light

A conjured inlay on the grass,

Whose rays today are concentrated

And language grown a burning-glass.

- Louis MacNeice

Now we are older and our talents

Accredited to time and meaning,

To handsel joy requires a new

Shuffle of cards behind the brain

Where meaning shall remarry color

And flowers be timeless once again.

- Louis MacNeice

contact feedback/participation

Lisa Matthiessien, Integral lmatthiessen@integralgroup.com

Laura Lesniewski, BNIM llesniewski@bnim.com

Peter Morris, Davis Langdon / AECOM pmorris@davislangdon.us

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