understanding of pharmacognosy.pptx

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Assalamu’alaikum wr.wb

PHARMACOGNOSYYeni Nurhayani, S.Si., Apt

SMKN 7 Bandung

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Competency is a complex construct

Values and Knowledge attitudes

Competency

Behaviours Skills

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Standard of Competence: Understanding of Pharmacognocy

Pharmacy at 1st Grade

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Explain of base and part of herbs contain useful materials

Manufacturing simplicia of herbs

Identification simplicia and herbs

Explain usefulness and useful materials of herbs

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Basic Competence

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Pharmacognocy

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Pharmacognocy are based of two words in greek

language Pharmacon means drug or medicine Gnosis means sciences

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Definition of pharmacognocyby Fluckiger

Pharmacognocy is knowledge from various sciences to find all aspects

about drug or medicine

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for diagnose, prevent and cure a symptom and diseases,

wound, physical disorder and psychological disorder or mentally disorder for human or animal and also for human body

care

Drug or medicine is a material or all materials

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Definition of Drug or Medicine

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Definition of Traditional Medicine

Base on Permenkes RI No. 246/Menkes/Per/V/1990,Traditional Medicine are all useful materials from herbs, animal, mineral, galenical substance by traditional method based on experiences

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Galenical Substance

Herbs or animal extraction produce Galenical substance

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Range of Pharmacognocy

Pharmacognocy is part of : Biopharmacy Biochemistry and Chemical’s synthesis

It’s become a broad range, as same as definition of pharmacognocy by Fluckiger

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Pharmacognocy consist of following aspects:

Macroscopic and Microscopic observationIdentification, Isolation, Purification and drug

or medicine’s synthesis

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Definition of Simpliciais a natural substance useful that no processing on it besides drying/evaporation

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Natural Substance

Systematic and morphology of

plants

- Herbs- Animal- Mineral

Systematic andIdentification

Natural Substance of drug

- Collectionsi- Drying- Simple Preparation- Lasting- Storage

PharmacognocyPrepared

Substance( Simplicia )

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Simplicia’s Preparation:

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Nomenclature of Plant

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Latin’s Name of

PlanEx: Oryza

sativa

Species: sativa

Genus:Oryza

If latin name of plants come from 2 words and more (3 words), 2 from 3 words separated by mark (-) .For example :

Strychnos nux - vomicaHibiscus rosa – sinensis

Homonim: 1 latin name is used for 2 different plan

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Complete scientific name of plan:Latin nameAbbreviation of name of botanist

For example:Name of botanist: Abbreviation: Complete name of

plan:Linnaeus L Oryza sativa LMiller Mill Foeniculum vulgare

MillHouttuyn Houtt Myristica fragrans

Houtt

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Nomenclature of Simplicia

Based on Indonesian Pharmacopeia those Name of Simplicia consist of genus’s name or species’s name of plant, than following by part of plant’s name

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Part of Plant

Cormus ( plant’s body) common be 3 part:

radix (root)caulis (stem), dan folium (leaf)

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Other parts of plant:gema (bud),flos (flower), fructus (fruit), semen (seed) pulpa (flesh

fruit), tubera (tuber), rhizoma (rhizome),

bulbus (onion),Cortex (bark of stem/fruit), lignum

(wood) herba (herb/part of plant which growth

top of ground)

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The Example of Simplicia’s Name:

1.Genus + part of plant’s name:Cinchonae Cortex, Digitalis Folium,

Thymi Herba, Zingiberis Rhizoma

2.Species + part of plant’s name:Belladonnae Herba, Serphylli Herba, Ipecacuanhae Radix, Stramonii Herba

3.Genus + species + part of plant’s name:Curcumae aeruginosae Rhizoma, Capsici frutescentis Fructus

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Latin’s Spelling

We have known that Alphabetical Latin and Alphabet in Indonesian language are same letter but it can be divided into writing and spelling

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In the following table are some examples of spelling letter or word of Latin:

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Latin’s SpellingLatin’s Spelling

Letter/ letters Read Example Spelling

ae e Galangae ga-la-nge

Lobeliae lo-be-li-e

c k jika diikuti huruf a, o, u atau huruf mati

Cacao ka-ka-o

Cola ko-la

Curcuma kur-ku-ma

Fructus

Fruk -tus

c s jika diikuti huruf e, i, y

Cera Se-ra

Citri Sit-tri

Glycyrrhiza Gli-si-ri-sa

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cc kk jika diikuti huruf a , o, u

Succus Suk-kus

cc ks jika diikuti huruf

Coccinella

Kok-si-ne-la

e, i, y

ch kh jika diikuti huruf

Cinchona Sin-ko-na

hidup

ch h jika diikuti huruf mati

Strychni Strih-ni

eae e Dioscoreae Di-es-ko-re

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eu e + u Oleum O-le-um

Cetaceum Se-ta-se-um

ff f Paraffinum Pa-ra-fi-num

ie i..+ ye Iecoris Iye-ko-ris

ii i + i Aurantii Au-ran-ti-i

j y Cajuputi Ka-yu-pu-ti

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ll l Vanilla Va-ni-la

mm m Gummi Gu-mi

Ichtammolum Ih-ta-mo-lum

nh n Ipecacuanhae I-pe-ka-ku-ane

oe eu Foeniculi Feu-ni-ku-li

Asafoetida A-sa-feu-ti-da

nn n Belladonna Be-la-do-na

Sennae Se-ne

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ph f Orthosiphon Or-to-si-fon

pp p hippoglossi hi-po-glo-si

qu kw quercus kwer-kus

rh r rheirhizoma

re-iri-zo-ma

rr r myrrha mi-ra

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sh sy shorea syo-re

purshiana pur-si-a-na

ss s Cassia ka-si-a

th t Mentha men-ta

tiae sie Liquiritiae li-kwi-ri-sie

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x ks jika tertera pada tengah / akhir kata

Pix p iks

radix ra-diks

cortex kor-teks

bixa bik-sa

x s jika pada permulaan kata

xanthorrhiza san-to-ri-za

y i jika didahului dan / atau diikuti oleh huruf mati

hydrastis hi-dras-tis

maydis ma-i-dis

y y jika diapit oleh 2 huruf hidup

papaya pa-pa-ya

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Identification of Herbs and Simplicia

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Name of Simplicia:

Abri Folium

• Indonesian Name : Daun Saga

• Name of Plant : Abrus precatorius L.

• Familia : Papilionaceae

• Useful material : Glisirisin more than 15%

• Utility : Antisariawan

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Microscopic of Abri Folium

Longitudinal section of pinnate leaf:1. Upper Epidermis2. Palisade Tissue3. Sponge Tissue4. Transport Bundle5. Under Epidermis6. Lid hair7. Calcium Oscillate with Prismatic

Crystal

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Literature: Materia Medika Indonesia

Microscopic of Abri Folium Powder

Serbuk Daun Saga:1. Lid hair2. Upper Epidermis3. Spiral Wood Artery4. Palisade5. Under Epidermis6. Calcium Oscillate

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Literature: Materia Medika Indonesia

Alyxiae Cortex

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• Nama Indonesia : Kulit pulasari

• Name of Plane : Alyxia reinwardtii Bl.

• Familia : Apocynaceae• Useful material : Kumarin,

volatile oil, sour organic

• Utility : Antipyretic

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Microscopic of Alyxiae Cortex

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Literature: Materia Medika Indonesia

Longitudinal section ofliana leaf:1. Cork Tissue2. Felogen3. Outside Cortex Tissue4. Cortex Parenchyma5. Stone Cell6. Sap Artery7. Phloem Tissue8. Cyperus Microiria9. Calcium Oscillate Crystal

Microscopic of Alyxiae Cortex Powder

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Literature: Materia Medika Indonesia

Powder of Liana Corrtex:1. Cortex Parenchyma with

Stone Cell2. Cork Tissue3. Calcium Oxalate with

Prismatic Crystal4. Stone Cell

Baeckeae Folium

Name of simplicia: Baeckeae Folium

•Indonesian Name: Daun jungrahab•Name of Plant : Baeckea frutescens L.•Familia : Myrtaceae•Useful Material : Volatile Oil•Utility : Diuretic

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Microscopic of Baeckeae Folium

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Literature: Materia Medika Indonesia37

Microscopic of Baeckeae Folium Powder

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Literature: Materia Medika Indonesia38

Boesenbergiae Rhizoma

Name of simplicia: Boesenbergiae Rhizoma

• Indonesian Name : Rimpang temukunci

• Name of Plant : Boesenbergia pandurata (Roxb.) Schlecht.

• Familia : Zingiberaceae• Useful Materials : Volatile Oil

0,06% - 0,32%, resin, starch

• Khasiat : Antidiarhea

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Microscopic Boesenbergia Rhizoma

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Literature: Materia Medika Indonesia40

Microscopic Boesenbergia Rhizoma Powder

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Literature: Materia Medika Indonesia41

Sappan Lignum

Name of Simplicia: Sappan

Lignum

• Indonesian Name : Kayu Secang

• Name of Plant : Caesalpinia sappan L.

• Familia : Caesalpiniaceae• Useful Material : Pigmen, tanin,

galat sour, brasilin

• Utility : Antidiarhea

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Microscopic Sappan Lignum

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Literature: Materia Medika Indonesia43

Microscopic Sappan Lignum Powder

Kesehatan44Sumber: Materia Medika Indonesia

Booklist

Endang Diyah Ikasari, 2008, Farmasi , Departemen Pendidikan Nasional, Jakarta

Sekber SMF, 2008, Farmakognosi Kelas X, Pusdiknakes, Departemen Kesehatan, Jakarta

Dikdik Gunawan&Sri Mulyani, 2004, Ilmu Obat Alam (Farmakognosi), Jilid I, Penebar Swadaya, Jakarta

Departemen Kesehatan, Materia Medika Indonesia, Jakarta

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Thanks

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