uml modeling and profiling lab - advanced software engineering course 2014/2015

UML Modeling and Profiling Lab

(Advanced Software Engineering course)a.y. 2014/2015

Luca BerardinelliPost Doc @ DISIM

University of L’Aquila

Copyright Notice

The material in these slides may be freely reproduced and distributed, partially or totally, as far as an explicit reference or acknowledge to the material author is preserved.

Lecturer

Note• Next Lesson: SOA, Monday at 11.00 in A.1.6• Check the website

Metamodeling, what we did

Reqs Specs Design Implementation Deployment Runtime

Problem domain Solution domain (sw)

MMMMMMMM

Raise the abstraction level

MMMMMM MM

Main.java

MMMMMM

Main.class>java Main.jarMain.jar

Main.warMyModel.lib

Designer

model(s)<<creates>>

languages(s)

<<specified in>>

<<read by>>

Model Editor,Model Transformations

<<creates>>

<<specified using>>

Eclipse EMF,Eclipse RCP

<<read by>>

Other Stakeholders (e.g., colleagues)

diagrams help!

diagrams ignored!

MMMMMMMM

MMMMMM MM

Main.java

MMMMMM

Main.warMyModel.mylang

Metamodeling, what we did

no diagrams(see Eclipse GMF)

Designer

<<creates>>

<<specified in>>

<<read by>>

Model Editor,Model Transformations

<<creates>>

<<specified using>>

Eclipse EMF,Eclipse RCP

UML Modeling: setting the context

MMMMMMMM

MMMMMM MM

Main.java

MMMMMM

Main.warMyModel.uml

Designer

UML model(s)<<creates>>

<<specified in>>

<<read by>>Model Editor(MagicDraw)

<<reuses>>

<<read by>>

diagrams help!

UML Profiling: setting the context

MMMMMMMM

MMMMMM MM

Main.java

MMMMMM

Main.warMyModel.uml

Designer

UML model(s)<<creates>>

<<specified in>>

<<read by>>Model Editor(MagicDraw)

<<reuses>>

<<created using>>

<<read by>>

diagrams help!

<<extends>>Profile(s)

<<annotated with>>

Main Concepts Explained

Introduction: • UML stands for “Unified Modeling Language”

• It is a industry-standard graphical language for specifying, visualizing, constructing, and documenting the artifacts of software systems

• The UML uses mostly graphical notations to express the OO analysis and design of software projects.

• Simplifies (?) the complex process of software design

UML is not (only) a set of diagrams

Unified Modeling Language

Reality level Reality level (M0)(e.g., sw, hw of RTES)

UML MetaModel (M2)(a.k.a., abstract syntax)

UML Model Level (M1)

usingi) XML-based artifacts,ii) Diagrams (a.k.a. concrete syntax)

yesterday

lib.ecore

univaqlibrary.lib

uml.ecore

univaqlibrary.uml

Reality level (e.g., sw, hw of RTES)

UML Metamodel(M2)

UML Model (M1)

COMPONENTS

CLASSES

COMPOSITE STRUCTURES

DEPLOYMENTS

ACTIONS ACTIVITIES

COMMON BEHAVIORS

INTERACTIONS STATE MACHINES

USE CASES

Structural concepts Behavioral concepts

PROFILESextend by refining extend by refining

• How to model a System in UML? Where should I start?

Reality level (e.g., sw, hw of RTES)

UML Model (M1)

Generic Modeling Workflow1. modeling use cases2. modeling system structure

• software architecture• hardware architecture

3. modeling system behavior• software behavior• hardware behavior

UML MetaModel (M2)

• How to model a System in UML? Where should I start?

UML Model (M1)

Another Modeling Workflow1. modeling use cases2. modeling system behavior

• software behavior• hardware behavior

3. modeling system structure• software architecture• hardware architecture

UML MetaModel (M2)

Reality(M0)

Unified Modeling Language + Profiles

UML Model (M1)

21 3 4Use Case

Diagram(s)

Class Diagram(s) for Sw

State Machine Diagram(s)

for Sw

5Activity

Diagram(s)for Sw

Sequence Diagram(s)for Sw / Hw

MyProfile+

Deployment Diagram(s)

for Hw

UML MetaModel (M2)

Reality(M0)

Unified Modeling Language + Profiles

UML Model (M1)

COMPONENTS

CLASSES

DEPLOYMENTS

ACTIONS ACTIVITIES

COMMON BEHAVIORS

USE CASES

PROFILESextend by refining extend by refining

Reality(M0)

UML MetaModel (M2)

Step 1, Use Cases

COMPONENTS

CLASSES

DEPLOYMENTS

ACTIONS ACTIVITIES

COMMON BEHAVIORS

USE CASES

CHAPTER 16

UML Model (M1)21 3 4 5 6

UML MetaModel (M2)

Step 1, Use Cases

UML Model (M1)21 3 4 5 6

• Identifying the system boundaries, • Identifying inputs/output from/to the external environment• Identifying the main system functionalities and their

relationships with external actors and among functionalities (extends, includes)

Step 1, Use Cases

UML Model (M1)21 3 4 5 6

CHAPTER 16

USE CASES1

A UseCase is the specification of a set of actions performed by a system (i.e., the IPS), which yields an observable result that is, typically, of value for one or more actors or other stakeholders of the system.

UseCase

An Actor models a type of role played by an entity that interacts with the subject (i.e. the IPS) (e.g., by exchanging signals and data), but which is external to the subject (i.e., in the sense that an instance of an actor is not a part of the instance of its corresponding subject). Actors may represent roles played by human users, external hardware, or other subjects.

Step 1, Use Cases

UML Model (M1)21 3 4 5 6

CHAPTER 16

USE CASES1

UseCase

Step 1, Use Cases

UML Model (M1)

USE CASES1

Step 1, Use Cases

UML Model (M1)

USE CASES1

Create Use Case Diagrams with MagicDraw

Step 2, Classes

UML Model (M1)21 3 4 5 6

COMPONENTS

CLASSES

DEPLOYMENTS

ACTIONS ACTIVITIES

COMMON BEHAVIORS

USE CASES

CHAPTER 16

Step 2, Classes• Identifying the main constituent elements of your system• Determining their relationships

o Associationo Composition o Generalization

• Determining their multiplicities at run time (how many objects?)o 0..1 (optional)o 1 (required)o 0..N (optional, multiple)o 1..N (required, multiple)

UML Model (M1)21 3 4 5 6

Step 2, Classes

CLASSES2

UML Model (M1)21 3 4 5 6

A Class describes a set of objects that share the same specifications of features, constraints, and semantics. Class is a kind of classifier whose features are Properties and Operations. Property are owned by the class. Some of these Properties may represent the navigable ends of binary Associations.

PropertyA Property is a StructuralFeature. A Property can be an owned attribute or association end. It relates an instance of the class to a value or collection of values of the type of the attribute. ...

Step 2, Classes

UML Model (M1)

CLASSES2

Class Diagram Composite Structure Diagram

Closely related diagrams

It allows to display "containement"

Step 2, Classes

CLASSES2

UML Model (M1)21 3 4 5 6

An InstanceSpecification is a model element that represents an instance in a modeled system. For example, an instance specification of a Class describes an object of that class, while an instance of an Association describes a link

PropertyA Slot specifies that an Instance Specification has a value or values for its Property.

Instance Specification

Step 2, Classes

UML Model (M1)

CLASSES2

Class -> Car, WheelInstanceSpecfications: usually all the boxes with underlined names

Step 2, Classes

UML Model (M1)

CLASSES2

Create Class Diagram with Magicdraw

Step 3, Deployments

UML Model (M1)21 3 4 5 6

COMPONENTS

CLASSES

DEPLOYMENTS

ACTIONS ACTIVITIES

COMMON BEHAVIORS

USE CASES

CHAPTER 16

Step 3, Deployments• The Deployments package specifies a set of constructs that

can be used to define the execution architecture of systems that represent the assignment of software artifacts to nodes..

• Identifying the main constituent elements (nodes) of a hardware platform, hosting the execution of software elements

• Determining their multiplicities of hardware elementso 0..1 (optional)o 1 (required)o 0..N (optional, multiple)o 1..N (required, multiple)

UML Model (M1)21 3 4 5 6

Step 3, Deployments

DEPLOYMENTS3

UML Model (M1)21 3 4 5 6

A Node is computational resource upon which Artifacts may be deployed for execution. Nodes can be interconnected through Communication Paths to define network structures.

Artifact

An Artifact is the specification of a physical piece of information that is used or produced by a software development process, or by deployment and operation of a system. Examples of artifacts include model files, source files, scripts, and binary executable files, a table in a database system, a development deliverable, or a word-processing document, a mail message.

Step 3, Deployments

DEPLOYMENTS3

UML Model (M1)21 3 4 5 6

Artifact

Step 3, Deployments

UML Model (M1)

DEPLOYMENTS3

Step 3, Deployments

DEPLOYMENTS3

UML Model (M1)21 3 4 5 6

Communication Path

An InstanceSpecification is a model element that represents an instance in a modeled system. For example, an instance specification of a Class describes an object of that class, while an instance of an Association describes a link

A Slot specifies that an Instance Specification has a value or values for its Property.

Instance Specification

Step 3, Deployments

UML Model (M1)

DEPLOYMENTS3

Step 3, Deployments

UML Model (M1)

DEPLOYMENTS3

Create Deployment Diagrams with MagicDraw

Step 4, StateMachines

UML Model (M1)21 3 4 5 6

COMPONENTS

CLASSES

DEPLOYMENTS

ACTIONS ACTIVITIES

COMMON BEHAVIORS

USE CASES

CHAPTER 16

Step 4, StateMachines• The StateMachines unit defines a set of concepts that can be

used for modeling discrete behavior through finite state-transition systems.

• State machines can be used to specify behavior of various model elements. For example, they can be used to model the behavior of individual entities.

UML Model (M1)21 3 4 5 6

STATE MACHINES4

UML Model (M1)21 3 4 5 6

A State models a situation during which some invariant condition holds. The invariant may represent a static situation such as an object waiting for some external event to occur. However, it can also model dynamic conditions such as the process of performing some behavior (e.g., running, waiting).

TransitionA Transition is a directed relationship between a source State and a target State. It [...] takes the state machine from one state configuration to another, representing the complete response of the state machine to an occurrence of an event of a particular type.

STATE MACHINES4

UML Model (M1)21 3 4 5 6

Transition

UML Model (M1)

STATE MACHINES

SwProcess

Signal Event: admitted, interrupt, exit...

UML Model (M1)

STATE MACHINES

Create State Machine Diagrams with MagicDraw

Step 5, Activities

UML Model (M1)21 3 4 5 6

COMPONENTS

CLASSES

DEPLOYMENTS

ACTIONS ACTIVITIES

COMMON BEHAVIORS

USE CASES

CHAPTER 16

Step 5, Activities• An activity in Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a major

task that must take place in order to fulfill an operation contract. Activities can be represented in activity diagrams

• An activity can represent:o The invocation of an operation.o A step in a business process.o An entire business process.

• Activities can be decomposed into sub activities, until at the bottom we find atomic actions.

UML Model (M1)21 3 4 5 6

[cit. Wikipedia]

Step 5, Activities

ACTIVITIES5

UML Model (M1)21 3 4 5 6

An Action is a named element that is the fundamental unit of executable functionality. The execution of an action represents some transformation or processing in the modeled system

Action

Control Flow

A ControlFlow is an edge that starts an activity node after the previous one is finished.

Step 5, Activities

UML Model (M1)21 3 4 5 6

ACTIVITIES5

Action

Control Flow

Step 5, Activities

UML Model (M1)

ACTIVITIES5

control flow

object flow

action

Step 5, Activities

UML Model (M1)

ACTIVITIES5

Activity as Operation Behavior Specification

Step 5, Activities

UML Model (M1)

Create Activity Diagrams with MagicDraw

ACTIVITIES5

Step 6, Interactions

UML Model (M1)21 3 4 5 6

COMPONENTS

CLASSES

DEPLOYMENTS

ACTIONS ACTIVITIES

COMMON BEHAVIORS

USE CASES

CHAPTER 16

Step 6, Interactions• Interactions can be used for several purposes including

o modeling the exchange of messages across different objects

o tracking /visualizing the execution of a System in terms of invoked operations

UML Model (M1)21 3 4 5 6

INTERACTIONS6

UML Model (M1)21 3 4 5 6

A Lifeline represents an individual participant in the Interaction. [...]Lifelines represent only one interacting entity.Lifeline

Message

A Message defines a particular communication between Lifelines of an Interaction. A communication can be, for example, raising a signal, invoking an Operation, creating or destroying an Instance. The Message specifies also the sender and the receiver. A Message associates normally two executions - one sending and one receiving.

INTERACTIONS6

UML Model (M1)21 3 4 5 6

Lifeline

Message

UML Model (M1)

INTERACTIONS6

+foo(x)

+doit(z)

____ ____ ____

UML Model (M1)

INTERACTIONS6

Create Sequence Diagram with MagicDraw

Profiling

UML Model (M1)

COMPONENTS

CLASSES

DEPLOYMENTS

ACTIONS ACTIVITIES

COMMON BEHAVIORS

USE CASES

PROFILESextends by refining extends by refining

21 3 4 5 6

Why I need a profile

MMMMMMMM

MMMMMM MM

Main.java

MMMMMM

Main.warMyModel.uml

Documentation

m2m transformation

browser

MMMMMM

docs.html

Annotations on models (M1) using stereotypes and their properties are similar to "structured comments" in programming languages. You can add them to enable additional activity and remove them without "corrupting" the structure and behavioral specification of a UML model

CLASSES

Profiling• Extending the UML Language for domain-specific purposes• Only extension by refinement• Any concept in the UML Language can be refined• Concepts cannot be deleted or modified

UML Model (M1)21 3 4 5 6

MY PROFILE

stereotype

1..*STATEMACHINES

CLASSES

ClassSTATEMACHINES

Defining a Profile

Profiling

CLASSESA Class describes a set of objects that share the same specifications of features, constraints, and semantics. Class is a kind of classifier whose features are Properties and Operations. Property are owned by the class. Some of these Properties may represent the navigable ends of binary Associations.

My Profile For HTML Docs

stereotype<<HTML>>

The stereotype <<HTML>> is applied to (and only to!) Class model elements that has to be documented through HTML-based document [...]

UML Model (M1)21 3 4 5 6

Defining a Profile

Profiling

UML Model (M1)

Class stereotype<<HTML>>

<<HTML>><<HTML>>

<<HTML>>

Defining a Profile

Applying a Profile

Profiling

UML Model (M1)

1) Define and 2) Apply a new Profile

MyProfileDefining a Profile

Applying a Profile

Artifacts from annotated UML Models

UML Model (M1)

model transformation(s)

Analysis Model

References• UML2: http://www.uml.org/

o You should download and read the lastest Superstructure Specificationo You can also find tutorials and books online explaining UML for beginners.

• MagicDraw® : http://www.magicdraw.com/o You can find video tutorial on the web siteo Existing profiles are in <install.root>/profiles/o <install.root>/manuals/ for additional documentation about MagicDraw® and its

capabilities

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