uk lighting · 2013. 3. 8. · metal halide lamps fluorescent 1961 100 lumen/watt led evolution and...
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Lighting Carbon Reduction
Association of University Engineers University of East London
Ed Horgan Briar Associates
Lighting Carbon Reduction
Association of University Engineers University of East London
Ed Horgan Briar Associates
UK Lighting
58,000 GWh Electricity
20% of Electricity Generated
25M tonnes CO 2 emissions
Typically 20% to 50% of Building Electricity Bill
58,000 GWh Electricity
20% of Electricity Generated
25M tonnes CO 2 emissions
Typically 20% to 50% of Building Electricity Bill
58,000 GWh Electricity
20% of Electricity Generated
25M tonnes CO 2 emissions
Typically 20% to 50% of Building Electricity Bill
58,000 GWh Electricity
20% of Electricity Generated
25M tonnes CO 2 emissions
Typically 20% to 50% of Building Electricity Bill
Maintained Illuminance (lux)
General Offices/Manufacturing/Meeting Rooms I.T. Offices/Monitors Entrance/waiting/washrooms Stairs/escalators Stairs/escalators Corridors/changing/stores Warehouses Car Park (low risk)/service rooms
Maintained Illuminance (lux)
General Offices/Manufacturing/Meeting Rooms 500 lux 350 lux
Entrance/waiting/washrooms 200 lux 150 lux 150 lux 100 lux 100 lux
Car Park (low risk)/service rooms 50 lux
Building Regulations Lighting Design (L2)
Design for high luminaire efficiency (luminaire lumens/circuitwatt >45)
Accounts for: –Efficacy of lamp source – Luminaire light output ratio –Efficiency of control gear –Use of automatic lighting controls
Design for high luminaire efficiency (luminaire lumens/circuitwatt >45)
Accounts for: –Efficacy of lamp source – Luminaire light output ratio –Efficiency of control gear –Use of automatic lighting controls
Building Regulations Lighting Design (L2)
Design for high luminaire efficiency (luminaire lumens/circuitwatt >45)
Accounts for: –Efficacy of lamp source – Luminaire light output ratio –Efficiency of control gear –Use of automatic lighting controls
Design for high luminaire efficiency (luminaire lumens/circuitwatt >45)
Accounts for: –Efficacy of lamp source – Luminaire light output ratio –Efficiency of control gear –Use of automatic lighting controls
Comparison of Light Output
Triphosphor (HF)
Metal Halide
SON
SOX
Efficacy (lumens per watt)
0 20 40 60
Tungsten
Tungsten Halogen
Mercury
CFL
Fluorescent
Induction
LED
Comparison of Light Output
Efficacy (lumens per watt)
80 100 120 140 160 180
Improving Efficiency Light Sources
Efficiency Light
Lamp life maintenance maintenance
Lamp Source Information Lamp Source Information
Light Emitting Diodes LED
Potential to be most efficient light source –Achieving over 130 lumens/watt – Lighting directional, absence reflectors needs less lumens (to 70%)
Potential to be most efficient light source –Achieving over 130 lumens/watt – Lighting directional, absence reflectors needs less lumens (to 70%)
Light Emitting Diodes LED
Potential to be most efficient light source –Achieving over 130 lumens/watt – Lighting directional, absence reflectors needs less lumens (to 70%)
Potential to be most efficient light source –Achieving over 130 lumens/watt – Lighting directional, absence reflectors needs less lumens (to 70%)
Metal halide lamps
Fluorescent 1961
100
Lumen/Watt
LED Evolution and time
1950
Incandescent
Mercury vapour lamps
1879
1904 1959
1938
1961
50
Year of invention
Metal halide lamps
2008
2012
White LED
LED Evolution and time
2000
CFL
Halogen
Mercury vapour lamps
1981
1996
2002
2006
2008
Year of invention
Luminous flux and temperature
The luminous flux of an LED decreases with rising temperature.
Efficient thermal management ensures consistently high luminous flux from LED luminaires.
Two cooling methods: passive, e.g. heat sink
active, e.g. fan
5
The luminous flux of an LED decreases with rising temperature.
Efficient thermal management ensures consistently high luminous flux from LED luminaires.
Two cooling methods: passive, e.g. heat sink
active, e.g. fan
Luminous flux and
Relative luminous flux (%)
Rising temperature (°C)
Life and temperature
40
80
Relative luminous flux [%]
30
50
60
70
90
100
6
§ The luminous flux of an LED depreciates faster at higher temperatures. § Efficient thermal management extends the life of LEDs. § Please consider the definition of life as stated by the LED manufacturer.
0
20 Relative luminous flux [%]
Operating hours
10
30
20,000 40,000 60,000
Life and temperature
T = 80°C T = 100°C T = 125°C
Source: Seoul Semiconductor SSC Product P3
T = 55°C
§ The luminous flux of an LED depreciates faster at higher temperatures. § Efficient thermal management extends the life of LEDs. § Please consider the definition of life as stated by the LED manufacturer.
120,000 Operating hours
60,000 80,000 100,000
LED Lighting
50,000 Life – 10 years Commercial – 30 years Domestic
UK Dispose of 200M lamps/yr
LEDs no heavy metals & recyclable
50,000 Life – 10 years Commercial – 30 years Domestic
UK Dispose of 200M lamps/yr
LEDs no heavy metals & recyclable
50,000 Life – 10 years Commercial – 30 years Domestic
UK Dispose of 200M lamps/yr
LEDs no heavy metals & recyclable
50,000 Life – 10 years Commercial – 30 years Domestic
UK Dispose of 200M lamps/yr
LEDs no heavy metals & recyclable
LED Lighting
Reduced heat gain Improved comfort conditions Avoidance air conditioning
Reduced heat gain Improved comfort conditions Avoidance air conditioning
LED Opportunities Now
Architectural/Decorative Entrances Corridors/Stairs Washrooms Emergency Lighting Spotlights and Downlights Bulkhead fittings
Architectural/Decorative Entrances Corridors/Stairs Washrooms Emergency Lighting Spotlights and Downlights Bulkhead fittings
LED Opportunities Now
Architectural/Decorative Entrances Corridors/Stairs Washrooms Emergency Lighting Spotlights and Downlights Bulkhead fittings
Architectural/Decorative Entrances Corridors/Stairs Washrooms Emergency Lighting Spotlights and Downlights Bulkhead fittings
Fluorescent Triphosphor Coating Fluorescent Triphosphor
Lamp Ballasts
Old wirewound coil (choke) uses electromagnetic technology. High energy use +25% on lamp rating
Electronic ballasts energy efficient +5 10% on lamp rating
Old wirewound coil (choke) uses electromagnetic technology. High energy use +25% on lamp rating
Electronic ballasts energy efficient +5 10% on lamp rating
Old wirewound coil (choke) uses electromagnetic technology. High energy use +25% on lamp rating
Electronic ballasts energy efficient +5 10% on lamp rating
Old wirewound coil (choke) uses electromagnetic technology. High energy use +25% on lamp rating
Electronic ballasts energy efficient +5 10% on lamp rating
CIBSE/LG3/LG7 Direct Lighting Systems (VDU’s) Offices
Avoidance of change in illuminance across room
Ceiling illuminance 30% of task level horizontal
Wall illuminance 50% of task level horizontal
Encourages direct & indirect light components
Lighting designer responsible
Avoidance of change in illuminance across room
Ceiling illuminance 30% of task level horizontal
Wall illuminance 50% of task level horizontal
Encourages direct & indirect light components
Lighting designer responsible
CIBSE/LG3/LG7 Direct Lighting Systems (VDU’s) Offices
Avoidance of change in illuminance across room
Ceiling illuminance 30% of task level horizontal
Wall illuminance 50% of task level horizontal
Encourages direct & indirect light components
Lighting designer responsible
Avoidance of change in illuminance across room
Ceiling illuminance 30% of task level horizontal
Wall illuminance 50% of task level horizontal
Encourages direct & indirect light components
Lighting designer responsible
Lighting Design
Lighting Design
Lighting Opportunity Identification
Lighting
Opportunity Identification
Opportunity Identification
Opportunity Identification
Assessment Lighting Performance (simple)
kW circuit power Lighting performance kW/m 2 floor area Compare performances (similar lux)
Best Practice Office 500lux – 12W/m 2
IT Office 350 lux – 8W/m 2
kW circuit power Lighting performance kW/m 2 floor area Compare performances (similar lux)
Best Practice Office 500lux – 12W/m 2
IT Office 350 lux – 8W/m 2
Assessment Lighting Performance (simple)
kW circuit power Lighting performance kW/m 2 floor area Compare performances (similar lux)
Best Practice Office 500lux – 12W/m 2
IT Office 350 lux – 8W/m 2
kW circuit power Lighting performance kW/m 2 floor area Compare performances (similar lux)
Best Practice Office 500lux – 12W/m 2
IT Office 350 lux – 8W/m 2
Reduce Lux Levels
Over design general lighting Reduced lux e.g. corridors, warehouses
Remove lamps/luminaires Remove fl. tubes from fittings
Light meter (lux) £50 £100
Over design general lighting Reduced lux e.g. corridors, warehouses
Remove lamps/luminaires Remove fl. tubes from fittings
Light meter (lux) £50 £100
Reduce Lux Levels
Over design general lighting Reduced lux e.g. corridors, warehouses
Remove lamps/luminaires Remove fl. tubes from fittings
Light meter (lux) £50 £100
Over design general lighting Reduced lux e.g. corridors, warehouses
Remove lamps/luminaires Remove fl. tubes from fittings
Light meter (lux) £50 £100
Reduce Light Levels Reduce Light Levels
Unnecessary Lighting Unnecessary Lighting
Unnecessary Lighting Unnecessary Lighting
Opportunity?
Maintenance Diffusers Maintenance Diffusers
Decoration Reflective Reflective
Lighting Controls
Lighting Control Strategies
Staff Awareness
Automatic Controls
Mixed strategy
Staff Awareness
Automatic Controls
Mixed strategy
Lighting Control Strategies
Staff Awareness – Switch Off
Switch off when vacating office Switch off when adequate daylight Involve cleaners Involve security Demonstrate savings – success
Switch off when vacating office Switch off when adequate daylight Involve cleaners Involve security Demonstrate savings – success
Staff Awareness – Switch Off
Switch off when vacating office Switch off when adequate daylight Involve cleaners Involve security Demonstrate savings – success
Switch off when vacating office Switch off when adequate daylight Involve cleaners Involve security Demonstrate savings – success
Lighting Industry Federation (1994) Lamp Guide
“The energy taken during starting (a fluorescent) is a small fraction of the energy taken during one minute’s operation”
Manufacturers lifetime estimates are based on switching a fluorescent on upto 8 times a day. If this is not exceeded the lifetime remains at 100%
“The energy taken during starting (a fluorescent) is a small fraction of the energy taken during one minute’s operation”
Manufacturers lifetime estimates are based on switching a fluorescent on upto 8 times a day. If this is not exceeded the lifetime remains at 100%
Lighting Industry Federation (1994) Lamp Guide
“The energy taken during starting (a fluorescent) is a small fraction of the energy taken during one minute’s operation”
Manufacturers lifetime estimates are based on switching a fluorescent on upto 8 times a day. If this is not exceeded the lifetime remains at 100%
“The energy taken during starting (a fluorescent) is a small fraction of the energy taken during one minute’s operation”
Manufacturers lifetime estimates are based on switching a fluorescent on upto 8 times a day. If this is not exceeded the lifetime remains at 100%
Lighting Motivation
Switch Off
Opportunity for renewable energy
Reduction in heat gain to office
Switch Off
Opportunity for renewable energy
Reduction in heat gain to office
Lighting Motivation
Switch Off
Opportunity for renewable energy
Reduction in heat gain to office
Switch Off
Opportunity for renewable energy
Reduction in heat gain to office
Natural Daylight
Keep windows clean
Keep windows clear
Manage blinds for diffuse natural light
Keep windows clean
Keep windows clear
Manage blinds for diffuse natural light
Keep windows clean
Keep windows clear
Manage blinds for diffuse natural light
Keep windows clean
Keep windows clear
Manage blinds for diffuse natural light
Switching Arrangements
Check or label switches Partitioned offices – consider switches
Switching Arrangements
Check or label switches Partitioned offices – consider switches
Light switching management Light switching management
Switching Zoning
Switching, zoning by department/occupancy Switching, zoning from windows Switching, zoning by task levels Separate, safety lighting
Switching, zoning by department/occupancy Switching, zoning from windows Switching, zoning by task levels Separate, safety lighting
Switching Zoning
Switching, zoning by department/occupancy Switching, zoning from windows Switching, zoning by task levels Separate, safety lighting
Switching, zoning by department/occupancy Switching, zoning from windows Switching, zoning by task levels Separate, safety lighting
Automatic Controls
Occupancy sensing
Photocell (solar) sensing
Automatic Controls
Occupancy sensing
Photocell (solar) sensing
Car Park Lighting Control Car Park Lighting Control
Infrared and Microwave
Infrared
red and Microwave
Microwave
Occupancy Sensing
Sensor range Location detection pattern PIR heat Microwave/ultrasound movement Time off delay (030mins) Control introduction/commissioning Override off/on Absence detection
Sensor range Location detection pattern PIR heat Microwave/ultrasound movement Time off delay (030mins) Control introduction/commissioning Override off/on Absence detection
Occupancy Sensing
Sensor range Location detection pattern PIR heat Microwave/ultrasound movement Time off delay (030mins) Control introduction/commissioning Override off/on Absence detection
Sensor range Location detection pattern PIR heat Microwave/ultrasound movement Time off delay (030mins) Control introduction/commissioning Override off/on Absence detection
Photocell (Solar) Control
Switch off – adequate daylight
Internal and external lighting
Dimming (constant lux)
Switch off – adequate daylight
Internal and external lighting
Dimming (constant lux)
Photocell (Solar) Control
Switch off – adequate daylight
Internal and external lighting
Dimming (constant lux)
Switch off – adequate daylight
Internal and external lighting
Dimming (constant lux)
Photocell Control
Photocell Sensing
Setting light switching level Over 3 times artificial lighting
Sensor position Representative Internal Cleaning
Time off delay
Setting light switching level Over 3 times artificial lighting
Sensor position Representative Internal Cleaning
Time off delay
Photocell Sensing
Setting light switching level Over 3 times artificial lighting
Sensor position Representative Internal Cleaning
Time off delay
Setting light switching level Over 3 times artificial lighting
Sensor position Representative Internal Cleaning
Time off delay
Lighting Control Enhancement
Remote controls adjustments overrides
Intelligent luminaires Lighting management systems Voltage regulation
Remote controls adjustments overrides
Intelligent luminaires Lighting management systems Voltage regulation
Lighting Control Enhancement
Remote controls adjustments overrides
Intelligent luminaires Lighting management systems Voltage regulation
Remote controls adjustments overrides
Intelligent luminaires Lighting management systems Voltage regulation
Lighting Carbon Reduction
Association of University Engineers University of East London
Ed Horgan Briar Associates
Lighting Carbon Reduction
Association of University Engineers University of East London
Ed Horgan Briar Associates
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