types of reactions. synthesis atoms, molecules or compounds bond together to produce a larger...
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Types of Reactions
Synthesis
• Atoms, molecules or compounds bond together to produce a larger compound.
A + B AB
Synthesis
Na + Cl NaClSodium + chlorine sodium chloride
HCl + NH3 NH4Clhydrochloric acid + ammonia ammonium chloride
Decomposition
• Larger compounds break down into elements, molecules or compounds.
AB A + B
Decomposition
CaBr2 Ca + Br2
Calcium bromide calcium + bromine
NH4NO3 N2O + 2 H2Oammonium nitrate nitrous oxide + water
Displacement Reactions• Recall: Ionic compounds: metal + nonmetal
• In displacement reactions: - Metals can displace metals. - Nonmetals can displace nonmetals.
* Hydrogen: because it’s a nonmetal with a “+” charge it can displace (and be displaced) by metals.
Single Displacement
• Only ONE element or polyatomic ion is displaced.
AB + M MB + A
AB + N AN + B
A & M are metals
B & N are nonmetals
Single Displacement
2AgNO3 + Mg Mg(NO3)2 + 2AgAB M MB A
CaI2 + Br2 CaBr2 + I2
AB N AN B
Single Displacement
Double Displacement
• TWO elements or polyatomic ions are displaced.
AB + MN AN + MB
A & M are metalsB & N are nonmetals
Double Displacement
Pb(NO3)2 + 2KI PbI2 + 2KNO3
AB MN AN MB
CaCO3 + HCl H2CO3 + CaCl2
AB MN AN MB
Double Displacement
Double Displacement
Two things can occur:1. Acid + base produces a
salt and water.
2. A solid/precipitate forms in the solution.
Combustion
• A hydrocarbon reacts with oxygen.
Combustion
Complete Combustion• A large supply of oxygen is available.
Hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + water (+ energy)
Combustion
Incomplete Combustion• Poor supply of oxygen.
Hydrocarbon + oxygen carbon dioxide + carbon monoxide + carbon + water (+ energy)
Terminology
• (g) for “gas”
• (l) for “liquid”
• (aq) for “aqueous” (water solution)
• (s) for “solid” or “precipitate”
Pb(NO3)2 (aq) + 2KI (aq) PbI2 (s) + 2KNO3 (aq)
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