tti presentation_basic electricity level 1

Basic Electricity Level I

Let's get to know each other

• Name:

• Dealership:

• Location:

• Level of experience:

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Objectives

In this course, the attendee will have the opportunity to:

• Understand how the event of electricity occurs

• Become familiar with the universal magnitudes

• Broaden their knowledge of the event of magnetism

• Learn Ohm's Laws, their formulae and uses

Duration - 2 days (16 hours)

3

Objectives

• Carry out exercises using the measurement tools for magnitudes of energy

• Learn what an electrical circuit is and its main components

• Develop the habit of interpreting electrical wiring diagrams

• Learn more about the construction, operation and care of batteries

• Become familiar with the charging and starter system and all of their components.

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Composition of Matter

Definition of several terms:

Matter• Matter, put in simple terms, is anything that has mass and occupies space.

Event• The objects with which we have contact and which do not occupy space. The

phenomena are not considered to be matter.

Molecule• This is matter divided into its smallest constituent part. It retains the

characteristics of the original matter.

Atom• Elements composed of other particles, and which when combined form

various substances.

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Composition of Matter

Atom

+

-

-

- -

-

-

-

-

0

-

-

Electron

Orbital

Substrate

Neutron

Proton

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Composition of Matter

Negative ion = Anion

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-

+

+

+

+

-

- -

-

-

-

-

Composition of Matter

Positive ion = Cation

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-

+

+

++

+

++ +

-

- -

Composition of Matter

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+

+ +

Activity

– Form two groups

– Decide who in each group is going to be electrons, protons and neutrons.

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Coffee

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Electrical Magnitudes

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The units of measurement of magnitudes are named after the people who discovered them.

Electrical Magnitudes

Unit Magnitude Origin of Name Profession

Volt Voltage Alessandro Volta Italian physicist

Watt Output James Watt Scottish mathematician

Ampere Current André Marie Ampère French mathematician

Ohm Resistance Georg Somon Ohm German physicist

DIFFERENCE IN POTENTIAL

Electrical Magnitudes

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UNIT OF MEASUREMENT OF ELECTRICAL VOLTAGE

Electrical Magnitudes

DESIGNATION SYMBOL NAME AND VALUE

Multiples

Megavolt MV 1MV or 1,000,000 V

Kilovolt kV 1 kV or 1000 V

Units Volt V _

Sub-multiples

Millivolt mV 1 mV or 0.001 V

Microvolt uV 1 µV or 0.000001 V

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DIRECT CURRENT AND CONSTANT VOLTAGE

Electrical Magnitudes

DESIGNATION SYMBOL NAME AND VALUE

Multiples Kiloampere kA 1 kA or 1000 A

Units Ampere A _

Sub-multiples

Milliamp mA 1 mA or 0.001 A

Microamp µA 1 µA or 0.000001 A

Nanoamp nA 1 nA or 0.000000001 A

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CURRENT DIRECTION

Electrical Magnitudes

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ALTERNATING CURRENT AND VOLTAGE - CYCLE

Electrical Magnitudes

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SYMBOLS

Electrical Magnitudes

STANDARD ELECTRICAL MAGNITUDES

Meaning

Direct current

Alternating current

AC/DC current

Example of 60 Hz single-phase alternating current

Example of dual-conductor direct current, 220v

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OUTPUT

Electrical Magnitudes

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OUTPUT

Electrical Magnitudes

DESIGNATION SYMBOL

Unit Watt W

Multiple

Decawatt daW

Hectowatt hW

Kilowatt kW

Megawatt MW

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ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE

Electrical Magnitudes

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ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE

Electrical Magnitudes

DESIGNATION SYMBOL NAME AND VALUE

Multiple

Megaohm MΩ 1 MΩ or 1,000,000 Ω

Kiloohm kΩ 1 kΩ or 1000 Ω

UnitOhm Ω _

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ELECTRICAL RESISTANCY

Electrical Magnitudes

MATERIALS Rho (ρ mm²/m at 20ºC)

Silver0,016

Copper 0,0173

Gold 0,023

Aluminium 0,0265

Zinc 0,06

Nickel 0,095

Tin 0,114

Iron 0,122

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FUSES

Basic Electricity

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OHM'S LAW

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Basic Electricity

APPLICATION OF OHM'S LAW

U

R A

U = R x I

V = Ω x A

R = U / I

Ω = V / A

I = U / R

A = V / Ω

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Basic Electricity

OHM'S SECOND LAW

R=p . I/a

"l" (length)

"a"(cross-

section area) "ρ" (material)

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Basic Electricity

SERIES CIRCUIT

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Basic Electricity

PARALLEL CIRCUIT

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Basic Electricity

MAGNETISM

Basic Electricity

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MAGNETIC FIELD

Basic Electricity

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ELECTRO-MAGNETISM

Basic Electricity

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COIL AND ITS RESPECTIVE SYMBOLS

Basic Electricity

COIL, WINDING OR INDUCTORSYMBOL

(PREFERRED FORM)

SYMBOL

(OTHER FORM)

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RELAYS

Basic Electricity

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MEASURING INSTRUMENT

Basic Electricity

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MULTIMETER

Basic Electricity

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BATTERY

Basic Electricity

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BATTERY CONSTRUCTION – CONVENTIONAL COVER PLATE

Basic Electricity

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BATTERY CONSTRUCTION – SEALED COVER PLATE

Basic Electricity

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BATTERY CONSTRUCTION – PLATE COMPONENTS

Basic Electricity

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BATTERY CONSTRUCTION – CONNECTION OF THE PLATES

Basic Electricity

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BATTERY CONSTRUCTION – CHARGE INDICATOR

Basic Electricity

Green - charge status greater than 65%

Black - battery discharged

Clear - battery electrolyte level below

the minimum level

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The use of safety goggles is

recommended.

Read and complete all of the

warranty certificate.

Keep out of the reach of

children.Caution: corrosive liquid.

Avoid sparks and flames in

the proximity of the product.Risk of explosion.

Recyclable product - return to

the point of sale when

replacing.

Do not dispose of in domestic

waste. Contains toxic

substances (lead).

CARE WHEN HANDLING BATTERIES

Basic Electricity

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ALTERNATOR

Basic Electricity

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ALTERNATORS WITH CLAW-POLE TYPE ROTOR AND SLIP RINGS

Basic Electricity

cooling

brace

stator

windingdrive

pulley

Fan

claw-pole

rotor

HousingBrush

Bearing

Slip ring

Diode

Claw-pole

half-piece

exciter

winding

Claw-pole

half-piece

Rotor shaft

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VOLTAGE REGULATOR

Basic Electricity

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ADJUSTMENT OF TRANSISTORISED VOLTAGE

Basic Electricity

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Basic Electricity

FAULT POSSIBLE CAUSES

Current less than the charge current • Defective voltage regulator.

The warning light illuminates when the ignition key is turned

to the OFF position (engine stopped).

• Fault on the voltage regulator.

• Short between the spirals or to earth in the stator winding.

• Diodes in short-circuit.

The warning light illuminates (faint) when the engine is

accelerated.• One or more burned out positive rectifier diodes (in short-circuit).

The warning light does not illuminate when the engine is

stopped.

• Check the connections: engine earth strap to the bodywork, battery

leads.

• Exciter diodes open.

• Positive diodes open.

The warning light does not illuminate when the engine is

stopped.

• Bulb blown or disconnected.

• Voltage regulator disconnected.

• Battery completely discharged or damaged.

• Rotor winding broken.

The warning light illuminates faintly and does not alter.

• Alternator field circuit broken.

• DF terminals disconnected.

• Brushes with poor contact.

• Detached slip ring.

The warning light lights up constantly with unchanging

brightness (bright).

• Terminal D+ in short-circuit to earth (as a result the excitation diodes burn out).

• Terminal DF in short-circuit to earth.

• Short-circuit to earth or across the spirals of the rotor winding.

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STARTER MOTOR

Basic Electricity

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SOLENOID

Basic Electricity

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ROLLER FREE-RUNNING GEAR

Basic Electricity

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ELIMINATION OF FAULTS

Basic Electricity

DISADVANTAGES CAUSES

Solenoid is not actuated.

Damaged solenoid.

Connections between the starter key and the solenoid are

interrupted.

Damaged solenoid.

The armature rotates, but the pinion does not engage (makes a

noise).

Pinion shaft is seized.

Pinion or ring gear has damaged or burred teeth.

The pinion engages, the armature rotates but the flywheel does

not.The pinion sprag (free-running gear) is slipping.

The starter motor continues to turn over after the starter key has

been released.

The starter key is not disconnected.

Solenoid in short-circuit.

Pinion does not disengage after starting.Recoil spring weak or broken.

Pinion seized.

Starter motor operates normally but makes a noise when

disengaging.Pinion free-running gear stiff.

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THANK YOU!