tsem spring 2015 warner class 2
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TSEM 102: Plagiarism and APA Style
Laksamee Putnam –Research & Instruction
Librarian
First…
• Laksamee Putnam
• lputnam@towson.edu
• Cook Library Reference:• 410.704.2462.
• IM/email
• Phone: 410.704.3746.
• Twitter: @CookLibraryofTU
• Albert S. Cook Facebook profile
Agenda
• Class discussion
• APA citation style
• Citation Relay
Digital Information
• Cham, J. (2015) Who owns your data? Piled Higher and Deeper (PhD). https://youtu.be/y1txYjoSQQc
• What is being done with your information?
• Take ownership and responsibility for the information you share
The point is…
• No matter where you are, you will constantly need to assess the information around you
• In order to be an informed consumer you should know how to evaluate the information you acquire, and what is happening to your own data
• In order to support your own arguments you should know how to research your question and cite your sources
APA Style
• Citations
APA Style
• References
Style Manuals
• Different disciplines use different style manuals
• Social Sciences = American Psychological Association (APA)
• Humanities = MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers (MLA)
What needs to be cited?
• Books
• Web Pages
• Magazine articles
• Graphics
• VHS,DVD, audio, etc.
• Government reports
• Statistics
• Encyclopedia articles
• Any source of information!
What needs to be cited?
• Direct quotes
• Ideas borrowed
• Paraphrased material
In-text Citation needs:
• Direct Quote• All authors’ last names
• Year of publication
• Page number
• Paraphrase• All authors’ last names
• Year of publication
Direct Quote: In-text citation
• As researchers Yanovski and Yanovski (2002) have explained, obesity was once considered “either a moral failing or evidence of underlying psychopathology” (p. 592).
OR
• A relationship is defined as “the interdependence between two or more people” (Coombs, 2001, p.106).
The wrong way to paraphrase:Failure to Cite Source
• Original
• “They desire, for example, virtue and the absence of vice, no less really than pleasure and the absence of pain.”
• Source: Mill, John Stuart. “Utilitarianism.” On Liberty and Other Essays. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998. Quote is from page 169.
• Paraphrase
• People want morality just as much as they want happiness.
The wrong way to paraphrase:Lack of Significant Rewording
• Original
• “To the young American architects who made the pilgrimage, the most dazzling figure of all was Walter Gropius, founder of the Bauhaus School.”
• Source: Wolfe, Tom. From Bauhaus to Our House. New York: Farrar Straus Giroux, 1981. Quote is from page 10.
• Paraphrase
• To young American architects who went to Germany, the most dazzling figure was Walter Gropius, founder of the Bauhaus School (Wolfe, 1981).
Example A
• Original
• Don't look for one of these tech heavyweights to knock out the other. Yet if history is any guide, Google's approach may win out over the long term. Recall that in the early 1980s Apple lost its lead in the PC market when Microsoft enlisted the aid of hordes of software developers and dozens of PC manufacturers. Now, if Google can marshal such a united front, Apple could again be swamped by the collective innovations.
• Student
• Google's approach may win out over the long term. In the early 1980s Apple lost its lead in the PC market as Microsoft enlisted the aid of hordes of software developers and dozens of PC manufacturers.
http://bit.ly/tsempollplag1
Example B
• Original
• Don't look for one of these tech heavyweights to knock out the other. Yet if history is any guide, Google's approach may win out over the long term. Recall that in the early 1980s Apple lost its lead in the PC market when Microsoft enlisted the aid of hordes of software developers and dozens of PC manufacturers. Now, if Google can marshal such a united front, Apple could again be swamped by the collective innovations.
• Student
• History tells us that Google's approach may be successful over the long term. In the early 1980s Apple lagged in the PC market as Microsoft collaborated with software developers and dozens of PC manufacturers. Now, if Google would only summon a united front, Apple could again be swamped by the collective innovations (Burrows, 2000).
http://bit.ly/tsempollplag2
Example C
• Original
• Don't look for one of these tech heavyweights to knock out the other. Yet if history is any guide, Google's approach may win out over the long term. Recall that in the early 1980s Apple lost its lead in the PC market when Microsoft enlisted the aid of hordes of software developers and dozens of PC manufacturers. Now, if Google can marshal such a united front, Apple could again be swamped by the collective innovations.
• Student
• Google stands a chance of beating Apple if it can benefit from the pooled ideas of software developers and device manufacturers, following the strategy that Microsoft employed to Apple’s detriment in the early ‘80s.
http://bit.ly/tsempollplag3
Example D
• Original
• Don't look for one of these tech heavyweights to knock out the other. Yet if history is any guide, Google's approach may win out over the long term. Recall that in the early 1980s Apple lost its lead in the PC market when Microsoft enlisted the aid of hordes of software developers and dozens of PC manufacturers. Now, if Google can marshal such a united front, Apple could again be swamped by the collective innovations.
• Student
• It is possible that in the battle of the “tech heavyweights” Google might eventually prevail over Apple if it follows the strategy that Microsoft employed to Apple’s detriment during the early ‘80s: collaborating, and innovating, with software developers and manufacturers (Burrows, 2000, 25).
http://bit.ly/tsempollplag4
In-text Citations
• More than one author
• Two authors
• Greenfield and Savage (1990)
• (Greenfield & Savage, 1990, p. 567)
• Three to five authors
• You must first identify all of the authors either in the signal phrase or
the first citation.
• Terrace, Petitto, Sanders, and Bever (1979) believed…
• (Terrace, Petitto, Sanders, & Bever, 1979)
• After you have identified all, you may use “et al.”
• Terrace et al. (1979) stated……
• (Terrace et al., 1979)
• Six or more authors
• Use first authors last name and then et al.
In-text Citations
• Organization as author• Government or other organization
• Use organization name as author in signal phrase
• Use organization in parenthetical citation
• The National Institute of Mental Health (2001)…
• (National Institute of Mental Health, 2001)
References
• The in-text citation must match up with the references entry
• Use the heading “References” at the top of a new page
• List entries alphabetically • Author’s last name (if no author, then by organization name or
title)
• Double space each entry
• No extra spaces between entries
• If over one line, entry should have a hanging indent
References - Website
• Create a reference for this website
• Author or sponsoring organization:
• Last update or Copyright date?:
• Title of page:
• Format if applicable:
• Retrieved from:
Website example
U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. (n.d.). What is cyberbullying. Retrieved from http://www.stopbullying.gov/cyberbullying/what-is-it/index.html
Notes:
1. If you can’t find a date n.d. is inserted as an abbreviation for No Date
2. Format is inserted between [brackets] and can be used for [Video file] [Brochure] etc.
3. Date retrieved is only required if content is likely to change
References – Books
• Create a reference for this book
• Book authors or editors: • Last name
• First letter of first name and middle initial
• Date of publication:
• Book Title:
• Publication information: • City and state
• Publisher
Book Example
Grant, J. (1994). I hate school!: Some common sense answers for
educators & parents who want to know why & what to do
about it. Rosemont, NJ: Modern Learning Press.
Notes:
1. Periods must follow first letter of author’s name and middle initial, publication date, book title,
and publisher.
2. Book title is always in italics.
3. Only capitalize the first letter of book title, any letter following a colon (:), and proper nouns.
References – Journals
• Create a reference for this journal article
• Article author:
• Last name
• First letter of first name and middle initial
• Date of publication:
• Article title:
• Periodical title:
• Publication information:
• Volume number and issue number (if available)
• Page numbers
• Digital Object Identifier number:
Journal Example
Peleg, R., & Baram-Tsabari, A. (2011). Atom surprise: Using theatre in primary
science education. Journal of Science Education & Technology, 20(5), 508-
524. doi:10.1007/s10956-011-9299-y
Notes:
1. Periods must follow first letter of author’s first and middle initial, publication date, article
title, and publication information.
2. A comma will follow the author’s last name, first initial (if more than one author), journal
title and volume number.
3. Article title is never italicized – always written normal.
4. Always italicize: journal title, volume number, and the commas before and after volume
number. Journal title follows capitol case lettering.
5. Only capitalize the first letter of article title, any letter following a colon (:), and proper
nouns.
6. Place a space between author first name and middle initial
Journal Articles Extra Info
• Articles retrieved from a database such as
EBSCO or PsycINFO do not need to include
database information
• Articles not including a doi number should
contain the journal URL after the page
numbers such as
• Retrieved from http://js.sagamorepub.com/pe
Common Knowledge Quandary
• Some examples:• Waste not, want not.
• George Washington was the first president of the US
• The earth is round
• When in doubt, cite it.
Citations Relay
• Rules:• Only one person from each team maybe writing on
the board
• No corrections until after designated writer is finished and the judge has checked the citation
• No cheating and using the built in citation creator!!!
• First team to complete the citation correctly wins!
Round 1 – Books
• Create the full APA reference for this book• http://bit.ly/round1relay
Round 2 – Journal Article
• Create a full APA reference for this article• http://bit.ly/round2relay
Questions?
• Feel free to contact me:• Laksamee Putnam
• lputnam@towson.edu
• 410.704.3746.
• Twitter: @CookLibraryofTU
• Or any reference librarian:• Visit Cook Library Reference Desk
• 410.704.2462.
• IM – tucookchat
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