tropospheric ozone over the north pacific from ozonesonde observations sam oltmans j.m. harris, b.j....

Tropospheric Ozone Over the North Pacific From Ozonesonde Observations

Sam Oltmans

J.M. Harris, B.J. Johnson, A.M. Thompson, C.Y. Chan, H.Y. Liu, T. Fujimoto, V.G. Brackett, W.L. Chang,

J.-P. Chen, J.-W. Kim, L.Y Chan, H.-W. Chang

NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory

Boulder, Colorado

TRACE-P Workshop

June 24-26, 2002

Ozonesonde Stations Operating During TRACE-P

Station Latitude Longitude Observations

Hilo, Hawaii 19.4oN 155.4oW 1991-present

Hong Kong, China 22.2oN 114.3oE 1993-present

Taipei, Taiwan 25.0oN 121.4oE 2000-2001

Naha, Japan 26.2oN 127.7oE 1991-present

Kagoshima, Japan 31.6oN 130.6oE 1991-present

Cheju Island, Korea 33.5oN 126.5oE 2001

Tateno, Japan 36.1oN 140.1oE 1991-present

Trinidad Head, Calif. 40.8oN 124.2oW 1997-present

Sapporo, Japan 43.1oN 141.3oE 1991-present

Topics Covered

1. Climatology of tropospheric ozone over the North Pacific.

2. Ozone during the TRACE-P period (February – April 2001).

3. Comparison of the February – April 2001 period with longer term averages for these months.

4. Individual profiles.

Average Ozone Mixing Ratio at Hong Kong (23N) and Taipei (25N) for February – April 2001

Hong Kong Taipei

Ozone Mixing Ratio at Hong Kong (23N) on March 27, 2001 at 0518 GMT

Trajectory at 3 km on March 27

Solid Line = 00 GMT Dashed Line = 12 GMT

Ozone Mixing Ratio at Hong Kong (23N) on March 27, 2001 at 0518 GMT

Trajectory at 10 km on March 27

Solid Line = 00 GMT Dashed Line = 12 GMT

Ozone Mixing Ratio at Hong Kong (23N) on March 27, 2001 at 0518 GMT

Trajectory at 13 km on March 27

Solid Line = 00 GMT Dashed Line = 12 GMT

Ozone Mixing Ratio at Hong Kong (23N) on March 16, 2001 at 0539 GMTand Taipei (25N) on March 16, 2001 at 0700 GMT

Hong Kong Taipei

Ozone Mixing Ratio at Hong Kong (23N) on March 16, 2001 at 0539 GMT Trajectory at 9 km on March 16

Solid Line = 00 GMT Dashed Line = 12 GMT

Back Trajectories to Hong Kong on March 16, 2001 at 00 and 12 GMT at 1 kmSolid Line = 00 GMT Dashed Line = 12 GMT

Back Trajectories to Hong Kong on March 16, 2001 at 00 and 12 GMT at 4 kmSolid Line = 00 GMT Dashed Line = 12 GMT

Back Trajectories to Hong Kong on March 16, 2001 at 00 and 12 GMT at 9 kmSolid Line = 00 GMT Dashed Line = 12 GMT

Back Trajectories to Hong Kong on March 16, 2001 at 00 and 12 GMT at 13 kmSolid Line = 00 GMT Dashed Line = 12 GMT

Back Trajectories to Taipei on March 16, 2001 at 00 and 12 GMT at 0.5 kmSolid Line = 00 GMT Dashed Line = 12 GMT

Back Trajectories to Taipei on March 16, 2001 at 00 and 12 GMT at 4 kmSolid Line = 00 GMT Dashed Line = 12 GMT

Back Trajectories to Taipei on March 16, 2001 at 00 and 12 GMT at 9 kmSolid Line = 00 GMT Dashed Line = 12 GMT

Back Trajectories to Taipei on March 16, 2001 at 00 and 12 GMT at 13 kmSolid Line = 00 GMT Dashed Line = 12 GMT

Ozone Mixing Ratio at Taipei (25N) on August 24, 2001 at 0300 GMT

Average Ozone Mixing Ratio at Naha and Hilo for February – April 2001

Naha Hilo

Hilo, Hawaii Average Ozone Mixing Ratio

Hilo, Hawaii Ozone Mixing Ratio for February – April 2001

Average Ozone Mixing Ratio for February – April 2001 compared with long-term average for February – April for Hilo and Hong Kong

1991-2000 2001

Hilo

1993-2000 2001

Hong Kong

Average Ozone Mixing Ratio for February – April 2001 compared with long-term average for February – April for Naha and Kagoshima

1991-2000 2001

Naha

1991-2000 2001

Kagoshima

Average Ozone Mixing Ratio for February – April 2001 compared with long-term average for February – April for Tsukuba and Sapporo

1991-2000 2001

Tsukuba

1991-2000 2001

Sapporo

Average (Clustered) Isentropic Back Trajectories to Hilo 0.5 km for February - April 2001

Average (Clustered) Isentropic Back Trajectories to Hilo 3 km for February - April 2001

Average (Clustered) Isentropic Back Trajectories to Hilo 6 km for February - April 2001

Average (Clustered) Isentropic Back Trajectories to Hilo 9 km for February - April 2001

Ozone Mixing Ratio at Hilo, HI (19.4N) on March 15, 2001 at 1832 GMTand March 16, 2001 at 1828 GMT (0828 HST)

Ozone Mixing Ratio at Naha, Japan (26.2N) on April 6, 2001 at 0530 GMTand April 11, 2001 at 0530 GMT

Average Ozone Mixing Ratio at Kagoshima (32N) and Tateno (36N) for February – April 2001

Kagoshima Tateno

Average Ozone Mixing Ratio at Kagoshima (32N) and Cheju Isl. (33N) for February – April 2001

Kagoshima Cheju Island

Average Ozone Mixing Ratio at Kagoshima (32N) and Cheju Isl. (33N) for February – April 2001

Kagoshima

Cheju Island

Average Ozone Mixing Ratio at Hilo (19N) and Hong Kong (22N) for February – April 2001

Hong Kong

Hilo

Ozone Mixing Ratio at Cheju Island, Korea (33.5N) on March 1, 2001 at 0413 GMT and March 2, 2001 at 0617 GMT

March 1, 2001 March 2, 2001

Average Ozone Mixing Ratio at Tateno (36N) and Sapporo (43N) for February – April 2001

Tateno Sapporo

Ozone Mixing Ratio at Tateno, Japan (36N) on February 8, 2001 at 0530 GMT and March 5, 2001 at 0531 GMT

February 8, 2001 March 5, 2001

Average Ozone Mixing Ratio at Trinidad Head (41N) and Sapporo (43N) for February – April 2001

Trinidad Head Sapporo

Trinidad Head, CA Ozone Mixing Ratio for February – April 2001

Trinidad Head, California Average Ozone Mixing Ratio for February – April 2001 compared with February – April 1998-2000

2001 1997-2000

Average (Clustered) Isentropic Back Trajectories to Trinidad Head at 0.5 km for February - April 2001

Average (Clustered) Isentropic Back Trajectories to Trinidad Head at 1 km for February – April During the Period 1990 - 1999

Average (Clustered) Isentropic Back Trajectories to Trinidad Head at 3 km for February - April 2001

Average (Clustered) Isentropic Back Trajectories to Trinidad Head at 4 km for February - April for the Period 1990 - 1999

Trinidad Head, California Average Ozone Mixing Ratio (1997-2001)

Ozone Mixing Ratio at Trinidad Head (41N) on April 11, 2001 at 1804 GMTand Sapporo, Japan (43N) April 11, 2001 at 0530 GMT

SapporoTrinidad Head

Back Trajectories to Trinidad Head on April 11, 2001 at 00 and 12 GMT at 4 kmSolid Line = 00 GMT Dashed Line = 12 GMT

Results and Preliminary Conclusions

• In the western Pacific south of about 35oN there is more ozone in the lower troposphere (<5km) than in the mid-Pacific or higher latitude lower troposphere.

• At Hong Kong there is a March maximum in the mid-troposphere that is isolated from the later spring peak that occurs in May.

• All stations show spring maximums but the strongest peaks are in the mid-troposphere at about 30-35oN.

• In general the February – April 2001 period seems to have tropospheric ozone amounts that are similar to longer term average amounts. At Kagoshima (32oN) there was about 10% less ozone than the long-term average.

• Western Pacific sites south of 30 N show a relative minimum in the upper troposphere.

Trinidad Head, California (41oN) Average Ozone Mixing Ratio

Hilo, Hawaii (20oN) Average Ozone Mixing Ratio

Hong Kong (23oN) Average Ozone Mixing Ratio

Kagoshima, Japan (32oN) Average Ozone Mixing Ratio

Clustered Air Parcel Trajectories to Kagoshima, Japan (32oN) at 4 km for May 1991-2001

Clustered Air Parcel Trajectories to Kagoshima, Japan (32oN) at 4 km for September 1991-2001

Tsukuba, Japan (36oN) Average Ozone Mixing Ratio

Sapporo, Japan (43oN) Average Ozone Mixing Ratio

Trinidad Head, California Average Ozone Mixing Ratio