treaty on open skies (os)

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DECISION No. 4/07 REVISION ONE OF DECISION NUMBER FIFTEEN

TO THE TREATY ON OPEN SKIES

Methodology for calculating the minimum height above ground level at which each infra-red line-scanning device configuration installed on an

observation aircraft may be operated during an observation flight

SECTIONI.DEFINITIONOFTERMS

ThefollowingdefinitionsshallapplytotermsusedinthisDecision.

Theterm“line-scanning”meansaprocessthatgeneratesasinglecontinuousimageduetothemotionoftheaircrafteitherbymeansofasingleorlimitednumberofdetectorelementsscannedacrosstheaircrafttrackbymeansofthemechanicalmotionofopticalelementsorbymeansofalimitednumberoflinesofdetectorelementsscannedalongthetrackbytheaircraftmotion.

Aninfra-redline-scanningdevicecertifiedunderthisDeci-sionshallnotbedesignedwiththeintentionofprovidingbestgroundresolutionatalocationotherthannadir.

Theterm“flighttest”meansaflightconductedtocollectdatainordertoestablishgroundresolutionasafunctionofheightabovegroundlevelforoneormoresensorconfiguration.

Theterm“flighttestdata”meansdatacollectedduringflighttestspriortocertificationinordertoestablishgroundresolu-tionasafunctionofheightabovegroundlevelforoneormoresensorconfiguration.

Theterm“signalrecorder”meansananalogueordigitaldatarecordingdevicecapableofstoringdatacollectedbyaninfra-redline-scanningdeviceconfiguration.

Theterm“groundelement”meanstheareaonthegroundthatisprojectedonasingledetectorelement.

Theterm“imageelement”meansadigitallyprocessedsignalthatisstoredinthememoryandcorrespondstoonegroundele-ment.

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Theterm“equivalentschemeofimagegeneration”meansaschemeshowingtherelationshipbetweengroundpointsandtheloca-tionofthecorrespondingimagepoints.

Theterm“effectivefocallength”(fe)meanstheratioofthelengthofashortstraightlinesegmentdωlocatedatnadirintheimage,orientatedalongtheaxisofbestgroundresolutiontotheangu-lardimensiondθcorrespondingtothatlinesegmentasitisprojectedtotheground.

fe=dωbest/dθ |θ=0

Forinfra-redline-scanningdevicesthatrecordonphoto-graphicfilm,dωandfeareexpressedinmillimetres.Forinfra-redline-scanningdevicesthatarerecordeddigitally,dωandfeareexpressedinpixels.

Theterm“infra-redline-scanningdeviceconfiguration”meansaspecifiedcombinationof:

(a) Sensortypeandmodel;

(b) Spectralbandwidth;

(c) Instantaneousfieldofview;

(d) Effectivefocallength;

(e) Filtername,ifapplicable;

(f) Filmtype,ifapplicable;

(g) Datarecordingmediatypeandformat,ifapplicable;

(h) Typeandmodelofdatarecordingequipment,ifapplicable;

(i) Windowdesignation;

(j) Sensorinstallation;

(k) Scananglesmeasuredrelativetotheverticalaxisoftheaircraftfuselageindegreesrightandleft;

(l) Numberofimageelementsperscan(ifapplicable);

(m) Numberandarrangementofindividualsensingelements;

(n) Digitalsamplingscheme;

(o) Numberofgraylevels(ifapplicable);

thatistobecertified.

Theterm“videodisplay”meansamonitorusedfortheanalysisofdatafromsensorsrecordingonotherthanphotographicfilm,includinganyassociatedimageprocessingelectronicsthatis

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capableofdisplaying,fromdatainanalogueordigitalformat,thedatacollectedbyaninfra-redline-scanningdevice.

Theterm“greylevel”meansthenumericalvalueofthesignalrecordedforanimageelementonanintegerscalebetweenzeroandatleast255butnotmorethan65535.

Theterm“radianttemperature”meanstheequivalenttem-peratureofablackbodyradiatingthesamepowerperunitareaoverthespectralbandwidthoftheinfra-redline-scanningdeviceconfigura-tionbeingcertifiedasthegivenbodybeingmeasured.

Theterm“phasecorrection”meansatechniquetoreducescanlinemisalignmentsintheimagecausedbycorrectabletimebaseerrorsintherecordingmedium,correctablemotioncompensationerrors,orothererrorsthatareinducedbytheinfra-redline-scanningdevice.Thephasecorrectionapproachshallbebasedonarelativemovementofscanlinesontheimagealongtheacross-trackdirectionwithoutchangingtherelativelocationofimageelementswithinthescanline.

Thesymbol“∆Ti”isusedtodescribetheradianttempera-turedifferenceofabargroupmeasuredonthegroundduringaflighttest,certificationordemonstrationflight.

Thesymbol“Hi”isusedtodescribetheheightabovegroundoftheaircraftduringaspecifiedpassoverthecalibrationtar-get.

Thesymbol“Li”denotesthewidthofeachbarinaspecificbargroup.

Theterm“spiral”meansaseriesofaircraftpassesabovethecalibrationtargetatsuccessivelyhigherorlowerheightsaboveground.

Thesymbol“La”denotestheTreatyspecifiedresolutionof0.5metres.

Theterm“Hobserver,spiral,colour,L”istheheightabovegroundleveldeterminedbyanobserver(“observer”)performingvisualanalysisforaparticularspiral(“spiral”),targetsurfacetreatment(“colour”)andbargroupofwidth“L”.

Theterm“Нspiral,colour,L”istheaverageoftheheightsНobserver,

spiral,colour,LofallobserversforwhichtheheightsНobserver,spiral,colour,Lhavebeendetermined.

Theterm“hightemperaturerange”ofaninfra-redlinescanningdeviceconfigurationmeansarangeofradianttemperaturedifferencesoverwhichthegroundresolutionoftheinfra-redlinescan-

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ningdeviceconfigurationdoesnotsignificantlydependontheradianttemperaturedifferencevalue(asshowninannex3).

Thesymbol,“∆t1”,denotesthelowestradianttemperaturedifferenceincludedinthehightemperaturerangespecifiedbytheStatePartyofferingtheinfra-redline-scanningdeviceconfigurationforcertification.

Thesymbol,“∆t2”,denotesthehighestradianttemperaturedifferenceincludedinthehightemperaturerangespecifiedbytheStatePartyofferingtheinfra-redline-scanningdeviceconfigurationforcertification.

Theterm“Hmin”meanstheminimumheightabovegroundlevelatwhichaninfra-redline-scanningdeviceconfigurationinstalledonanobservationaircraftmaybeoperatedduringanobservationflight,forwhichtheresolutionisnobetterthanLa.

Theterm“Hmin-expected”meanstheHminestimateestablishedfromtheflighttestdataprovidedbeforecertification.

Theterm“Hmin-at-certification”meanstheHminestimateestab-lishedfromthedatagatheredinthein-flightexaminationatthetimeofcertification.

Theterm“Hmin-demonstration”meanstheHminestimateestab-lishedfromthedatagatheredinademonstrationflight.

Theterm“Hmin-calculated”meanstheHminestimateestablishedfromthedatagatheredinasinglespiral.

Theterm“Hmin-flight”meansthevalueoftheminimumheightabovegroundatwhichtheinfra-redline-scanningdevicecon-figurationmaybeoperatedinthecaseofanobservationflightfollow-ingademonstrationflight.

Theterm“measuredtemperature”ofabaroraregion(suchasthebackground)meanstheaverageradianttemperatureofthatbarorregionasdeterminedbytheproceduresdescribedinannex1.

SECTIONII. CALIBRATIONTARGETS

1. Calibrationtargetsforuseinmeasuringthegroundresolu-tionofaninfra-redline-scanningdeviceconfigurationshallbecon-structedfromrectangularaluminiumpanelsofuniformthicknessofatleastfivemillimetres,paintedorsubjectedtosomeuniformsurfacetreatment.Nomorethantwopiecesofaluminiumshallbeusedtoconstructeachbar.

(A) Abargroupshallconsistofthreebarswithradianttem-peraturealternatingbetweenhotandcoldbars.

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(B) Withinabargroup,allbarsshallhavethesamelengthandwidthandthelengthtowidthratioshallbenotlessthan4:1andnotmorethan5:1.

(C) Abargroupcanbeconstructedineitheroftwoways.Itmaybeformedbyplacingtwoaluminiumbarsofthesamepaintorsurfacetreatmentonthebackground,withthebackgroundrepresent-ingthemiddlebar.Alternately,threealuminiumbarsmaybeused,withthemiddlebarhavingadifferentpaintorsurfacetreatment.Thetargetshallbeplacedonaflat,horizontal,andthermallyuniformbackground,wherethetemperaturevariationsaresmallwithinthecalibrationtargetregion.Inordertoprovideasufficientrangeofvaluesoftheradianttemperaturedifference,athinunderlaymentmaybeplacedundertheouterbars.

(D) Adesignatedsetofbargroupsshallconsistofthreebargroupswithbarwidthsof40cm,50cm,and60cmusingthesamepaintorsurfacetreatment.

(E) Eachbargroupinadesignatedsetofbargroupsshallbeseparatedfromanyotherneighboringbargroupinthatsetofbargroupsbyatleastonemetreandnomorethan1.5metres.Designatedsetsofbargroupsshallbeseparatedbyatleastonemetre.Withinthedesignatedsetofbargroups,thebarsshallberegularlyspacedandarrangedinanorderlymanner.

(F) Acalibrationtargetshallconsistoffromthreetosevendesignatedsetsofbargroupswithdifferentpaintorsurfacetreatmentsforflighttestdataandcertificationandonetosevensetswithdifferentpaintorsurfacetreatmentsforademonstration.

(G) Thearrangementofbargroupswithinadesignatedsetofbargroupsandthearrangementofdesignatedsetsofbargroupsshallnotbechangedduringanyspiral.Thephysicalarrangementofthebargroupsshallnotbechangedbetweenspiralsonthesameday;however,adesignatedsetofbargroupsmaybereplacedwithanothersetifthephysicalarrangementisnotchanged.

2. Inadditiontothecalibrationtarget,additionalelementsshallbeincludedinthevicinityofthecalibrationtargettoprovideinformationaboutpossibleimagedistortionproducedbythesensorconfiguration.

3. Additionalelementsmaybeincludedinthevicinityofthecalibrationtargettoprovideinformationfordeterminingtheaxisofbestresolutionofthesensorconfiguration.

4. Thecalibrationtargetandanyothertestobjectsshallbelaidonthegroundnotlessthantwohoursbeforethefirstpassoverthetarget.

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SECTIONIII. DATATOBESUPPLIEDBEFORECERTIFICA-TION

1. TheStatePartyofferinganinfra-redline-scanningdeviceconfigurationforcertificationshallprovideageneralsystemdescrip-tion.Thisdescriptionshallincludeadescriptionoftheequivalentschemeofimagegenerationaswellasthelayoutoftheindividualinfra-redsensingelementsandadescriptionoftheirsize.Inaddition,theStatePartyshallprovidetechnicaldataorflighttestdataontheaxisthatprovidesthebestresolution.

2. TheStatePartyofferinganinfra-redline-scanningdeviceconfigurationforcertificationshallprovideflighttestdata,describingtheperformanceoftheinfra-redline-scanningdeviceconfigurationfromalowertemperaturedifference,∆t1,toahighertemperaturedif-ference,∆t2.Thisdatashouldbeapproximatelyuniformlydistributedbetween∆t1and∆t2andapproximatelyuniformlydistributedamongthe40cm,50cm,and60cmbars.

(A) Thelowertemperaturedifference,∆t1,shallbegreaterthanorequaltothreedegreesCelsius.

(B) If∆t2-∆t1<8degrees,theStatePartyshallprovideaddi-tionalflighttestdataintheregionbetween∆t2and∆t1+8degrees.However,thisdatashallnotbeusedinthedeterminationofHmin-expectedandisnotrequiredtobeuniformlydistributed.Thenumberofaddi-tionaldatapointsinthisregionshallbedeterminedbytheStatePartyconductingthecertification.

(C) Thedigitalimages,orhigh-resolutionscansofimagesofatleast2400dpiforsensorconfigurationsthatrecordonphotographicfilm,thatwereusedfortheestablishmentofHmin-expectedshallbepro-vided,alongwiththeoriginalradiometerimagesthatprovidedthetemperaturemeasurements.ThedigitalimagesshallincludethefullwidthofthesensorscanandincludeallcalibrationtargetsandthoseadditionalelementsincludedunderSectionII,paragraph2ofthisDecision.

3. TheStatePartyofferingtheinfra-redline-scanningdeviceconfigurationforcertificationshallprovideflighttestdataanalysedinaccordancewiththefollowingqualifications:

(A) Theflighttestdatashallincludeatleast16completespi-rals;

(B) AcompletespiralmustincludeatleastsixvaluesofHspiral,

colour,Lforflighttestdataandcertification,andatleastthreevaluesofHspiral,colour,Lfordemonstrationflights,withatleastonevalueofHspiral,

colour,Lfromeachofthebargroupsizesof40cm,50cmand60cminthehightemperatureregionoftheinfra-redline-scanningdevicebeing

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offeredforcertification.ThereisnorequirementthateverydesignatedsetofbargroupsprovideavalueofHspiral,colour,Laslongastheaboverequirementsaremet;

(C) Theseflightsshallbeperformedunderclearatmosphericdaytimeconditions.TheStatePartyconductingtheflighttestshalldocumenttheatmosphericconditionsinaccordancewithtable2aofannex2tothisDecision.Ifpossible,flightsshallnotbeginuntilatleasttwohoursafterlocalsunriseandshallterminateatleastonehourbeforelocalsunset;

(D) Flighttestdatabeyondthatrequiredinparagraph2maybeprovidedtosupportthedefinitionofthehightemperatureregion;however,flighttestdataoutsideoftherange∆t1to∆t2shallnotusedtodeterminethevalueofHmin-expected.

4. ThevalueofHminshallbedeterminedfortheorientationofthecalibrationtargetthatprovidesthebestresolution.

SECTIONIV. CONDUCTOFAFLIGHTTEST,CERTIFICATIONORDEMONSTRATIONFLIGHT

1. TheStatePartyofferinganinfra-redlinescanningdeviceconfigurationforcertificationshalldeterminethecalibrationtargettemperaturesinaccordancewithannex1ofthisDecision.

2. Ifademonstrationflightisrequested,theStatePartyonwhoseterritorythedemonstrationflightistobeconductedisresponsi-bleforprovidingacalibrationtargetandassociatedequipmentsatisfy-ingtherequirementsofthisDecision.

3. Allsensorcontrolsandregulatingsystemsshallbesettoachievethebestgroundresolutionforeachsensorconfigurationtobecertified.Allflightparameters(asdescribedinannex2)shallbeflowntoachievethebestgroundresolutionduringallflighttests,certifica-tionanddemonstrationflights.

4. TheStatePartythatisofferingthesensorforcertification,conductingaflighttest,orprovidingthesensorforademonstrationflightshallchoosetheheightsofflightabovegroundlevel.

(A) Thespacingbetweensuccessivepassesshallbenogreaterthan12.5percentofthevalueoftheheightabovegroundofthelowerpass.

(B) Theheightsabovegroundlevelofthespiralshallbechoseninaccordancewiththetechnicaldataoftheinfra-redline-scanningdeviceorexperimentalresearchinsuchamannerthatallbargroupsareresolvedatthelowestaltitudeandnoneofthebargroupsareresolvedatthehighestaltitudeofthespiral.Thisrequirementappliestotheplanningofaspiralandnottotheanalysisofthedataresult-

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ingfromthespiral.ResolutionisdefinedinSectionV,paragraph4.Duringacertification,ifall60cmbargroupsareresolvedbyanygroupofobserversattheheightofthehighestpassandtimepermitsonthesamedayoftheflight,thenthespiralshouldberepeated,increasingtheheightofthehighestpass.

(C) Ifaflightincludesmorethanonespiral,thepassesassoci-atedwitheachspiralshallbeclearlyindicated.Ifanupwardspiralisfollowedbyadownwardspiral,thenthereshallbetwopassesatthehighestheight,thefirstassociatedwiththeupwardspiralandthesecondwiththedownwardspiral.Ifadownwardspiralisfollowedbyanupwardspiral,thenthereshallbetwopassesatthelowestheight,thefirstassociatedwiththedownwardspiralandthesecondwiththeupwardspiral.

5. Annex2describesthedatathatshallberecordedandpro-videdforeachpassoverthecalibrationtarget.Theprovisionsofannex2supersedetheprovisionsofDecisionTwelve,paragraph2,forinfra-redtargets.

SECTIONV. ANALYSISOFDATACOLLECTEDDURINGAFLIGHTTEST,CERTIFICATIONORDEMONSTRATIONFLIGHTS

1. Thegroundresolutionofaninfra-redline-scanningdeviceconfigurationshallbedeterminedbyvisualanalysis.

2. Atleasttentrainedobserversshallexaminetheimagesofthecalibrationtargetforflighttestdata.Forcertifications,atleasttentrainedobservers,representingtheStatesPartiestakingpartinthecertification,shallexaminetheimagesofthecalibrationtarget.TheStatePartyofferingasensorconfigurationforcertificationshallhavetherighttoprovideaminimumoftwoofthetrainedobserversatcertification.Fordemonstrationflights,unlessotherwiseagreed,atleasttentrainedobservers,representingtheStatesPartiestakingpartinthedemonstrationflight,shallexaminetheimagesofthecalibrationtarget.

3. Ifanyheightabovegroundisrepeatedduringaspiral,onlyoneimage,thebestavailableimageatthatheightshallbeforwardedbytheStatePartyconductingtheflighttotheobserversforvisualanalysis.

4. Abargroupisresolvedbyanobserverif:

(A) Theobservercandistinguisheachoftheouterbarsfromtheadjacentbackground;thatis,theobserverperceivesavisualdiffer-encebetweenthegreylevelonthevideodisplayorthedensityofthephotographicfilmbetweeneachouterbarandtheadjacentback-groundovertheentirelengthofthebar;and

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(B) Theobservercandistinguishthemiddlebarfromtheouterbars,thatis,theobserverperceivesavisualdifferencebetweenthegreylevelonthevideodisplayorthedensityofthephotographicfilmbetweenthemiddlebarandtheouterbarsovertheentirelengthofthebars.

5. Calibrationtargetacceptabilityrequirementsareasfollows:

(A) Thedifferencebetweentheaveragemeasuredtemperaturesofeachofthetwoouterbarsofthebargroupbeingconsideredshallbenogreaterthan20percentofthetemperaturedifferencebetweenthehotandcoldbarsoronedegreeCelsius,whicheverisgreater;

(B) Thedifferencebetweentheaveragemeasuredtemperaturesofeachhotandeachcoldbarmustbewithinthehightemperatureregionofthesensor;

(C) Forbargroupswithanaluminiummiddlebar,theaveragemeasuredtemperatureofeachouterbarmustdifferbyatleast2∆t1/3fromtheaveragemeasuredtemperatureoftheadjacentbackground.Inaddition,oneofthefollowingconditionsmustapply:

(1) Theabsolutevalueofthemeasuredtemperaturedifferencebetweenthemiddlebarandthebackgroundislessthantheabsolutevalueofthemeasuredtemperaturedifferencebetweentheouterbarsandthebackground;or

(2) Thesignofthemeasuredtemperaturedifferencebetweenthemiddlebarandthebackgroundshallnotbethesameasthesignofthemeasuredtemperaturedifferencebetweentheouterbarsandthebackground.

6. Imageacceptabilitycriteriaareasfollows:

(A) Theimageofthecalibrationtargetshallbelocatedwithin20degreesofnadir;

(B) Theimageofthecalibrationtargetshallbeorientatedwithin20degreesoftheorientationthatprovidesthebestresolution;

(C) Theimageisnotacceptableifthesensorexhibitsamal-functionthatmakesproperdeterminationofgroundresolutionimpos-sibleoramalfunction/physicalobstructionwhichreducesgroundresolutionatthetimeoftheformationoftheimage.Anexampleofamalfunctioningsensorwouldbeasensorexhibiting“imagedoubling”;

(D) Geometricaldistortionoflessthan20percentwillbedeemedtohavenoeffectonresolution.

7. Visualanalysisshallbeperformedononeimageforeachaltitudeflownoverthecalibrationtargetforeachspiral.

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8. Anobserverbargroupresolutionaltitude,Hobserver,spiral,colour,Lcannotbeassignedtoanobserverif:

(A) Thatobserverneverresolvesthatbargroupforanyheightflowninthespiral;

(B) Thatobserverresolvesthatbargroupatthehighestheightflowninthespiral;

(C) Thereisnopasshigherthanthehighestpassatwhichthatobserverresolvesthatbargroupwhichsatisfiesthetargetacceptabilityrequirementsofparagraph5andtheimageacceptabilityrequirementsofparagraph6.

9. ThevalueHobserver,spiral,colour,L,assignedtoanobserveristheaverageof:thehighestresolvedheightasdeterminedbythevisualanalysisandthefirstunresolvedheighthigherthanthehighestresolvedheightthatsatisfiesthetargetacceptabilityrequirementsofparagraph5andtheimageacceptabilityrequirementsofparagraph6.

10. IfthenumberofobserversthathaveanassignedHobserver,spiral,

colour,Lisgreaterthanorequalto80percentofthenumberofobservers,thenHspiral,colour,L,shallbetheaverageofthevaluesHobserver,spiral,colour,L.Otherwise,Hspiral,colour,L,isnotdefinedforthatbargroup.

11. Thevalue,Hmin-calculated, associated with a spiral is determined by:

Hmin-calculated=(1/N)ΣHspiral,colour,LLa/L,whereListhecorrespondingbarwidth,andNisthenumberofvaluesHspiral,colour,Lavailableinthespiral.

12. Hmin-expectedshallbecalculatedbyaveragingthevaluesofHmin-

calculatedfromeachofthedifferentspiralsprovidedinthepre-certificationflighttestdata.

13. Hmin-at-certificationshallbecalculatedbyaveragingthevaluesofHmin-calculatedfromeachofthedifferentspiralsprovidedbythein-flightexamination.

14. Hmin-demonstrationshallbecalculatedbyaveragingthevaluesofHmin-calculatedfromeachofthedifferentspiralsprovidedinthedemonstra-tionflightdata.

15. TheproceduresinthisDecisionshallbeacceptableforinfra-redline-scanningdevicesrecordingimagesonanymedium.

16. Inthecaseofdatacollectedonphotographicfilm.

(A) Priortotheanalysisofdatacollectedduringaflighttest,certificationordemonstrationflight,thefilmprocessingequipmentshallbecalibratedaccordingtotheproceduresspecifiedinAnnexK,SectionIItotheTreatyonOpenSkies.

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(B) Theheightabovegroundforeachpassatwhicheachbargroupofthecalibrationtargetwasresolved(andnotresolved)shallbedeterminedfromavisualanalysisoftheoriginalfilm.

17. SpecificationsofproceduresforperformingvisualanalysisofdigitalimageryshallbedefinedinafutureOSCCDecision(DecisiononDigitalImageProcessing)andRevisionOnetoDecisionSixteen.

18. Foreachconfigurationtobecertified,thein-flightexami-nationshallconsistofatleastfourcompletespirals,unlesspreventedbyforce majeure,inwhichcaseitshallconsistofatleastonecompletespiralasdefinedinSectionIII,paragraph3.

19. ThereshallbeatleastonecompletespiralasdefinedinSectionIII,paragraph3,accomplishedatademonstrationflight,unlessotherwiseagreed.

*****

AStatePartywishingtouseaformofinfra-redcalibrationtargetotherthanthatdescribedinSectionII(suchasactivetargetsorcalibrationtargetswithdifferentdimensions)maypresenttotheOSCCforapprovalanappropriatecalibrationtargetdesign,Hminmethodol-ogy,andsupportingdataintheformofaproposedannextothisDeci-sion.

TheproceduresinthisdecisionshallbeacceptableforanyIRLSoperatingbetween7.0and15microns.Theprocedureshereinareconsideredalsoacceptableforinfra-redline-scanningdevicesoperatingaslowas3.0micronsiftheStatePartycertifyingsuchanIRLSpresentsdataintheirFlightTestDatabase(additionaltothatdataspecifiedinSectionIII)sufficienttoverifyreasonableperformanceintheshorterwavelengths(3.0to7.0microns).AStatePartywishingtocertifyaninfra-redline-scanningdevicewhichoperatesinarangeofwave-lengthsoutsidethe3.0to15.0micronregionshallpresentdatatotheOSCCdemonstratingthatthecalibrationtargetandmethodologyofthisDecisionareapplicable,orprovideanalternativecalibrationtargetdesign,correspondingmethodologyandsupportingdataintheformofaproposedannextothisDecision.

ThisDecisionshallenterintoforceimmediately.Itshallremaininforceuntil31December2010.TheStatePartiesshall,withintheOpenSkiesConsultativeCommissionandduringtheperiodthisDecisionisinforce,concludeafollow-onagreementonthedetermina-tionofminimumheightabovegroundatwhichaninfra-redline-scan-ningdeviceconfigurationmaybeoperated,whichshallenterintoforceupontheexpirationofthisDecision.

DecidedinVienna,intheOpenSkiesConsultativeCom-mission,on17September2007,ineachofthelanguagesspecifiedinArticleXIXoftheTreatyonOpenSkies,alltextsbeingequallyauthen-tic.

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OSCC.DEC/4/07

17September2007

Annex1

GROUNDMEASUREMENTSOFTARGETTEMPERATURESWITHANIMAGINGRADIOMETER

1. Animagingradiometerwithaminimumof160x120pix-elsshallbeusedformeasuringtargettemperatures.

2. Radiometerimagesshallbetakenatleastevery60secondsstarting15minutesbeforethefirstpassofthefirstspiralandcontinueuntilfiveminutesafterthelastpassofthelastspiral.

3. Radiometerimagesshallbeusedtomeasuretheradianttemperatureofeachbarofthetarget.

4. Radiometerimagesshallbeusedtoshowthattherearenoobviousdistortionsortemperaturegradientswithintheimagesofthebars.

5. Theareaofthebarusedforcalculatingthetemperatureshallcontainasmuchofthebaraspracticalexcludingthepixelsclos-esttotheedgeofthebarandincludeaminimumtotaloftenpixelsforeachbarofthetarget.

6. Theradiometershallbemountedabovetheinfraredtargetataheightinsuchawaythatthelineofsightangleofanygroupofbarsofthetestobjectwouldnotexceed45degreesasopposedtotheverticalwhenmeasured.

7. Thecombinationoftheradiometerandlensusedtomakeradianttemperaturemeasurementsshallhaveacurrent“certificateofcalibration”basedontheradiometermanufacturer’srecommendation.Ifmultipleradiometersareusedtomeasuretargettemperatures,acrosscalibrationshallbeaccomplishedbeforeandaftereachday’sflyingactivities.Anybiasesshallbenotedinthedatapackageprovidedwiththeradiometerdata.

8. Theradiometerusedtomeasuretargettemperaturesshallbeinfocusandoperateinapproximatelythesameregionoftheinfra-redspectrumastheIRLSbeingevaluated.

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Annex2

DATATOBEPROVIDEDFORFLIGHTTESTSCERTIFICATIONANDDEMONSTRATIONFLIGHTS

1. Thisannexcontainsexamplelogsusedtorecordvariousdatatobecollectedduringflighttests,certification,anddemonstrationflights.Theseincludethevarioustests,processingandanalysesusedtocalculateHminandtoverifyimageacceptabilityandtorecordtheatmo-sphericconditions.Theseformsmaybetailoredforspecificaircraft,sensorsand/oroperationalconfigurations.ElectronicversionsoftheselogsareavailableontheOSCEsecurewebsite.

2. Table1isanexampleofatablethatrecordstheactualaircraftflightparameterssuchasthealtitudeabovegroundlevel,air-speed,aircraftattitude,etc.Thisdatashouldberecordedonceperpass,ascloseaspossibletowhenthetesttargetisbeingimaged.Ifmoreprecisedataisobtainedelectronically,thismaybesubstitutedforthemanualformafterflight.

3. Table2aisanexampleofatablethatrecordsweatherdataatthetargetsite.Datashallberecordedatleastonceperhour.

Table2bisusedtoprovideinformationontheshadowsovereachtargetgroup.Theseshadowsmaybecausedbyclouds,thedeviceusedtomountthetemperaturemeasuringdevice,orimagingormappingradiometer(boomorbuckettruck),orsomeothercondition.

Figures2c,2d,and2eareexamplesoftargetlayoutdescrip-tiondiagrams,whichareusedtoidentifythenamesofeachbargroup,locationoftheweatherstation,directionofflight,trueheading(ori-entation)ofthetargetlayout,andotherdescriptorsofrelevance.Tofurtherdescribethetargetarea,colourphotosofthetargetarrayshallbetakenfromaboomatleastonceperdayandatleastonceforeachchangeintargetconfiguration.Thenamesusedforthebargroupsinthesefiguresshallbeappliedconsistentlythroughthedatadocumenta-tion.

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4. Table3willbetherecordoftargettemperaturedatafromtheimagingradiometer.Forautomaticrecordingimagingsystems,thetargetdatawillbecollectedatleastevery60secondsinthenativeformatoftheimagingradiometer.Imageryfromtheradiometricdeviceshallbemadeavailabletoallinspectors.Thecolumnsformeasure-mentsofthebackgroundneartheouterbarsareonlyrequiredforthosecalibrationtargetsusinganaluminiummiddlebar.

5. Table4isusedtorecorddistortionmeasurementsandtar-getlocationparametersderivedfromimagesofthetargetforeachpassofthesensoroverthecalibrationtarget.

6. Table5isusedtorecordfilmprocessingparameters,whichareprovidedforeachrollofimageryprocessed.

7. Table6isusedtorecordvisualanalysisoftheimageryandasummaryofimageacceptabilityandtargetacceptability.

8. Table7showstheparametersandresultsoftheHmincalcu-lations.

9. CertifyingStatesPartiesareencouragedtousethesestan-dardizedformsandtoprovidethefilledinformsinbothhardcopyandelectronicformat,however,additionalfieldsshouldbeaddediftheyprovideimportantdatarelevanttothesensorconfigurationbeingcertifiedortested.Asitmaybecomedesirabletoautomatetheanalysisofthisdataatsomepoint,StatePartiesarefurtherencouragedtonotdeleteunusedfieldsfromthisform,buttomerelyleavetheseblank.

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ESTABLISHINGTHEHIGHTEMPERATUREREGION

TheStatePartyshallprovideagraphshowingallofthepro-videdflighttestdata,includinganymeasurementpairsoutsideofthehightemperatureregion,asafunctionofthetemperaturedifferenceasmeasuredonthegroundaswellasanExcelspreadsheetrepresentingthedatagraphed.Thedatashallincludeseparateentriesforeachspi-ral,eachtarget,eachbargroupsize,andeachobserverincludedintheflighttestdata.SeeexamplegiveninfigureA3.1andtableA3.1.TableA3.1mayincludedatafromallvaluesoftemperatureandwhetherornotthespecificdatasatisfiesallthecriteriaofSectionV,paragraphs4and5,andfrombothsuccessfulandunsuccessfulspirals.

FigureA3.1FlightTestData

TableA3.1FlightTestData

∆T H La/L Observer bar Target Name Spiral File Name

10.95 4125 Igor 40 GEBKC File 19.60 3000 Mark 40 GEBKC File 19.60 3000 Abraham 40 GEBKC File 18.85 2250 John 40 GEDGC File 19.15 2500 James 40 GEDGC File 19.60 3000 Ivan 40 GEDGC File 19.30 2750 Paul 40 GEBKC Files 29.15 2500 Junia 40 GEBKC File 29.15 2500 Priscilla 40 GELGC Files 29.15 2500 Timothy 40 GELGC Files 211.25 3000 Rebekah 50 GEBKC Files 3

MRT a pproa ch

y = 586.95x 0.2127

R2 = 0.6109

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Flight Test Data

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qu

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Temperature Difference measured on the ground

Flight Test Data

H L

a / L

∆t1 ∆t2

MRT a pproa ch

y = 586.95x 0.2127

R2 = 0.6109

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0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11Te m pe ra ture a t Ape rture

Sp

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l Fre

qu

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Temperature Difference measured on the ground

Flight Test Data

H L

a / L

MRT a pproa ch

y = 586.95x 0.2127

R2 = 0.6109

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11Te m pe ra ture a t Ape rture

Sp

atia

l Fre

qu

ency

Temperature Difference measured on the ground

Flight Test Data

H L

a / L

∆t1 ∆t2

452

Second,givenaspecificvalueof∆t2,theStatePartyshallprovideagraphshowingthevalueofHmin-expected(∆t1)asafunctionofdifferentchoicesof∆t1.SeetheexamplegiveninfigureA3.2.Ifnecessary,sev-eralgraphsfordifferingvaluesof∆t2shouldbegiven.

FigureA3.2Hminvalueasafunctionofchoiceof∆t1

TheStatePartymayincludeothergraphsandanalysistosupportthespecificationofthehightemperatureregion.Severalexamplesaredescribedbelow.

Givenaspecificvalueof∆t2,alinearfitmaybemadeforeachpossiblechoiceofδt1.Thisprovidesavalueoftheslopeoftheregressionline,m(∆t1)andanR2coefficient,R2(∆t1).TheStatePartymayprovideagraphofR2(∆t1)asafunctionofdifferentchoicesof∆t1.SeetheexamplegiveninfigureA3.3.

FigureA3.3R2valueversus∆t1

Asanotherexample,theStatePartymayprovideagraphshowingtheprojectedHmintrendratio|m(∆t1)*( ∆t2-∆t1)/Hmin-

expected(∆t1)|asafunctionofdifferentchoicesof∆t1.SeetheexamplegiveninfigureA3.4.

Hmin vs delta t 1

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Hm

in v

alu

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Hmin-expected versus δt1

δt1

Hm

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Hmin vs delta t 1

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Hm

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Hmin-expected versus δt1

δt1

Hm

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R^2 (DT aperture - frequency)

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Lowest Temperature at Aperture Included

R^

2

R2 (Hmin-expected versus δt1)

δt1

R2

R^2 (DT aperture - frequency)

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Lowest Temperature at Aperture Included

R^

2

R2 (Hmin-expected versus δt1)

δt1

R2

453

FigureA3.4|m(∆t1)*( ∆t2-∆t1)/Hmin-expected(∆t1)|versus∆t1

Projected Hmin Trend vs Temperature

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Projected Hmin Trend vs Temperature

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Lowest T at aperture included

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δt1