treatment of a dairy farm wastewater using a pilot scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (uasb)...
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TREATMENT OF A DAIRY FARM WASTEWATER TREATMENT OF A DAIRY FARM WASTEWATER USING A PILOT SCALE UPFLOW ANAEROBIC USING A PILOT SCALE UPFLOW ANAEROBIC
SLUDGE BLANKET (UASB) PROCESSSLUDGE BLANKET (UASB) PROCESS
By
Ashveen Deerpaul & Arvinda Kumar RAGEN
PRESENTATION PLAN
Introduction
Aim & Objectives
Methodology
Results & Discussions
Conclusions
INTRODUCTION
Dairy Farming in Mauritius
Water consumption in a dairy farm• 175 L per cow per day
Water usage in a dairy farm:• Direct water usage• Indirect water usage
INTRODUCTION
Dairy FarmWastewater
Organic MatterPathogens
Suspended Solids
Nutrients
AIM & OBJECTIVES
Aim:• Assess the performance of a Pilot Scale UASB reactor during the
treatment of dairy farm wastewater
Objectives:• Characterize the dairy farm wastewater.• Characterize the influent and effluent in terms of COD, VFA, TSS,
pH.• Evaluate the performance of the UASB reactor at varying HRT.• Characterize the biogas produced.• Perform a preliminary design of an industrial scale UASB reactor for
a local dairy farm.
METHODOLOGY
Collection of raw wastewater
METHODOLOGY
Experimental Set up
METHODOLOGY
Set up of UASB reactor
METHODOLOGY
Pre-treatment of wastewater
Sampling Protocol
Stream Sampling Type
Raw Wastewater Composite
Reactor Influent Grab
Reactor Effluent Grab
Sludge Grab
METHODOLOGY
Analytical Parameters
• The raw wastewater was analyzed for COD, pH, TSS, nutrients, TKN and Total Coliform.
• The UASB influent and effluent were sampled and analyzed for COD, VFA, pH, Temperature and TSS
• The Sludge was analyzed for VSS, TSS, SV and Sludge Activity Test (SAT)
METHODOLOGY
RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS
Parameter Range Mean
pH
Temperature, C
COD, mg/L
TSS, mg/L
TKN, mg/L
NH3 – N, mg/L
PO42-, mg/L
Total Coliforms, CFU/100ml
7.8 – 8.4
23.7 – 28.4
7840 – 11220
23560 – 33432
358 – 528
150 – 325
32 – 93
1.7 108
8.0
25.9
9550
29123
448
261
62
-
Characteristics of raw wastewater
RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS
Parameter Range Mean
pH
Temperature, C
CODt, mg/l
CODs, mg/l
TSS, mg/l
VFA, mg/l
VFA/COD
6.7 – 7.2
28.8 – 35.5
5980 – 8020
2400 – 3460
2296 – 13468
283.3 – 986.2
0.09 – 0.29
7.0
32.5
6735
2843
7159
439.2
0.15
Characteristics of Influent
RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS
Appearance of UASB Effluent
RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS
Characteristics of effluent
Parameter Range Mean
pH
CODt, mg/l
CODs, mg/l
VFA, mg/l
TSS, mg/l
7.2 – 7.5
790 – 6080
240 – 2570
49.6 – 277.7
86 – 1188
7.3
2762
1006
116.5
430
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56 61 66 71 76 81 86 91 96
Day of Operation
CO
Dt
(mg/
l)
CODt-influent CODt-effluent
RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS
Effluent COD profile
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56 61 66 71 76 81 86 91 96
Day of Operation
% C
OD
rem
oval
% CODt % CODs
RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS
Performance of UASB reactor (% COD removal efficiency)
Average COD removal efficiency = 78.7%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56 61 66 71 76 81 86 91 96
Days of Operation
% V
FA
co
nver
ted
RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS
Performance of UASB reactor (% VFA conversion)
Average VFA converted = 72.9%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
57 60 63 66 69 72 75 78 81 84 87 90 93 96
Days of Operation
%C
OD
rem
ov
al
HRT 12h - % CODt HRT 12h - % CODs HRT 8h - % CODt
HRT 8h - % CODs HRT 6h - % CODt HRT 6h - % CODs
Performance of UASB reactor at varying HRT
RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS
RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56 61 66 71 76 81 86 91 96
Days of Operation
Gas
pro
du
ced
(l/
d)
Biogas production
PRELIMINARY DESIGN
Drawn by: DEERPAUL Ashveen
Date: 01 April 2008
Title: Process Instru. Diagram
UASB treatment Plant
Scale: Not to Scale
Figure 5.19
Pump
Safety relief Valve
Non-return Valve
Flow Control Valve
LT Level Transmitter
FT Flow Transmitter
T.I Temperature Indicator
p.H pH Transmitter
Flow arrows and controls
NaOH flow
Biogas flow
Effluent flow
Wastewater flow
Legend
wastewater
Screen
Holding tank EQ tank
NaOH
UASB reactor
Final effluent
Biogas
Effluent Tank
PRELIMINARY COSTING
Summary of costs Cost (Rs)Equipment costs:UASB reactorEqualisation tankCentrifugal pumpNaOH Dosing pumpAgitatorTotal purchased equipment cost
455,706141,850
28,85027,20048,000
701,606
Total Direct costs 1,547,042
Total Indirect costs 739,891
Total Fixed Capital Investment 2,286,933
Working Capital 403,576
TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENTTOTAL ANNUAL COST
2,690,509220,000
CONCLUSIONS
COD removal efficiencies: 78.7%
VFA conversion: 72.9%
TSS removal efficiencies: 94.2%
Optimum HRT of 8 hrs
Maximum gas production: 8.89 L/d
In light of this study, it can be concluded that the UASB process is appropriate for the treatment of wastewater generated by a local dairy farm.
• Adopt a tertiary treatment using a Horizontal Subsurface Constructed Wetland
• Use of the biogas emanating from the UASB reactor:
• Cooking purposes• Produce electricity• Alternative fuel
RECOMMENDATIONS
• Energy recovery potential from the biogas produced from the UASB reactor.
• Effect of VFA toxicity and shock loads on the methanogenic sludge can be investigated.
• Variation of methanogenic activity along the height of the UASB reactor.
• Image characterization of the sludge.
• Possibility of integrated farming using the treated effluent.
FUTURE WORKS
THANK YOU FOR YOUR KIND ATTENTION
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