treatment: healing actions, healing words
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Treatment:Healing Actions,Healing Words
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Insight-Oriented Therapy������
�Psychoanalysis����(p.687)
� First use of a “talking cure”� Developed by Sigmund Freud� Identify unconscious motivations��������� Free association � �� Dream analysis � � �
Insight-Oriented Therapy������(p.686)
�Psychodynamic therapy��� � � �� Similar to psychoanalytic therapy� Less frequent sessions� Less emphasis on sexual and aggressive drives � � � � � � � � � �
� Techniques � � (p.688)• Interpretation��
• Resistance � � / � �
• Transference� � (countertransference� � �
Insight-Oriented Therapy������
�Humanistic therapy � � (p.689)
�Carl Rogers����Client-centered therapy� � � ! � " #
�Incongruence � � �•Real self$ %• Ideal self& � %
Insight-Oriented Therapy������
�Client-centered therapy techniques(p.689)
� � � � � � � � � �
� Reflection��� Empathy� �� Unconditional positive regard � � � � �
Evaluating Insight-Oriented Therapies��������
�Difficult to evaluate� � � ��Who benefits from them?(p.691)� � � � � � �
�Healthy�Articulate� Interested in motives
Behavior Therapy� � ��
A type of therapy based on learning principles that focuses on changing observable, measurable behaviors
�The ABCs(p.692)�Antecedents � � ��Behavior� ��Consequences
Behavior Therapy ��
� Techniques based on classical conditioning� � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
� Exposure' ( (p.693)• Imaginable exposure• In vivo exposure• Virtual reality exposure
� Stimulus control ) * + ,� Systematic desensitization- . / 0 1 p.695
• Progressive muscle relaxation�������
Behavior Therapy� � ��
� Techniques based on operant conditioning� � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
� Behavior modification2 � 3 4� Primary and secondary reinforcers� Token economies5 6 * p.696
� Self-monitoring techniques % 7 ) � � p.696
� Observational learning� � � �
Cognitive Therapy ��
A type of therapy that focuses on thoughts rather than feelings or behaviors
� Cognitive distortions � ! "� Psychoeducation # $ % & ' (
Common Cognitive Distortions�������p.698
�Dichotomous thinking� � � ! �Mental filter " # $ % & ' ( %�Mind reading) � *�Catastrophic exaggeration+ # , ��Control beliefs- . / 0
Cognitive Therapy Techniques��� �
� Albert Ellis’s rational-emotive behavior therapy) * � � +REBT,
� Activating event 8 9 : ; (p.699)� Beliefs < =� Consequences > ?� Dispute@ A� Effect > ? B C� Further actionD E F 2 �
Cognitive Therapy Techniques��� �
�Beck’s cognitive therapy- . � � � p.699
�Cognitive restructuring � / 0�Daily record of dysfunctional beliefs1 2 3 4 5 6 7 � 8 9 (p.700)
� Identify automatic thoughts : � ; < = >� Identify rational responses : � ) ? @ A
Biomedical Therapies� � � ��
�Psychopharmacology� 1 2 3 4 p.702
5 6 2 3 � � ��7 8 9 : ;
�Electroconvulsive therapy<ECT=p.705
> ? @ A �
�Transcranial magnetic stimulation p.706
Psychopharmacology: Schizophrenia � � � �
� Antipsychotic medications B # $ C D E� Target positive symptoms G H 4 � I J� Tardive dyskinesia(TD) K 9 � L � M �
� Atypical antipsychoticsF G H I J K B # $ C D E
� Newer� Target positive and negative symptomsG H 4 � � N � I J I J
� Early treatment
Psychopharmacology:Mood Disorders� � � �
� Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) O P Q� Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
� Food interactions R S T U V W� Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
(SSRIs) X Y Z [ \ ] * Q� Prozac���, Zoloft� � � , Paxil
� Serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) X Y Z - 4 ^ _ ` Z a [ \ ] * Q� Serzone, Effexor � �
� St. John’s wort� Lithiumb c
Psychopharmacology: Anxiety Disorders � � �
� Benzodiazepines(BZD) � � �� Xanaxd e f , Valiumg h� Often for short periods
� Antidepressants � !� TCAs� SSRIs� SNRIs
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
� Used when medication and therapy is ineffective
� Depression� Fell out of favor
� Abusei W� Movie, One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest�� � � � � �
� Regaining popularity� Memory loss
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)p706
� New technique� 100- to 200- microsecond bursts of high-
intensity magnetism� May replace ECT
Modalities����(p707)
� Individual therapyj k " #� Group therapyl m " #� Family therapyn o " #� Systems therapy
� Paradoxical intention� Reframing� Validation
� Self-help therapies p " #� Support groups�����
� Bibliotherapy� � �
Innovations in Psychotherapy� � � � � ��(p.710)
� Psychotherapy integration L M ? N ) � �� Technical eclecticism� � � q r
� Managed care� Financial concernss t u v
� Therapy protocols� Brief therapyO P � �� Cybertherapy
Prevention� � (p.713)
�Universal preventive interventions� Target all members of a group
�Selective preventive interventions� Target high-risk subgroups w x y z
� Indicated preventive interventions� Target those with symptoms but not
disorder
Researching Psychotherapy� � ��� � �
�Challenges in psychotherapy research� Common factors� Specific factors� Allegiance effect� Control group� Confounds
Researching Psychotherapy� � ��� � �
�Randomized controlled trials� Random assignment { �| }� Specific disorders and exclusion criteria� Reducing confounds� Generalizability~ �� Outcome measures� Drop-outs � � �� Follow-ups � �
Which Treatment forWhich Disorder?� � ��
�Empirically supported treatments� Evidence-based treatments� � � � � " #
�Therapy, medication, or both?� Depression� Anxiety disorders� Other disorders
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