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Tratamiento de la hepatitis C en pacientes con manifestaciones

extrahepáticas

Manuel Romero Gómez Hospital Universitario de Valme.

Universidad de Sevilla. Sevilla.

Málaga, 22 de Mayo de 2015

XIV Jornadas de Avances en Hepatología 2015

Hepatitis C Virus

TNF SOC-3 IRS-1,2

LIVER

Insulin resistance Glucose abnormalities

MONONUCLEAR CELLS

Monoclonal activation and expansion

cryoglobulinemia

Non-hodgkin lymphoma

Autoimmune disorders: HCV-associated immune

thombocytopenic purpura

Chronic Kidney Disease

Diabetes Mellitus type 2

Cardiovascular risk

Y Y VLDL / LDL IgM-RF HCV RNA Anti-HCV-IgG

MIXED CRYOGLOBULINEMIA & HEPATITIS C

MC type II and III (n=168) antiHCV pos: 155 (92%) HCV RNA pos: 152/155 (98%)

Cryoglobulins + in 50% hepatitis C Astenia Púrpura Artralgias Raynaud - Úlceras cutáneas Neuropatía Lesión renal/GNMP

De Nicola S et al, Antivir Ther. 2013 Saadoun D et al, Ann Rheum Dis 2013

Viral Phase

MC-DEPENDENCE ON HCV CLEARANCE

Immune Phase

Tratamiento antiviral en CM

Saadoun D. et al, Ann Rheum Dis 2013

23 pacientes con CM genotipo-1; Naïve 17%; Edad: 59 (52-66) años; Varones: 52%; VHC-1b: 57%; ARN-VHC: 6.2 log10 UI/ml; ALT: 52 (29-71) UI/m

Peg+RBV+IP >>> VR_EoT: 70%

Triple terapia en CM asociada a VHC Efectos Adversos

Saadoun D. et al, Ann Rheum Dis 2013 Doi 10:1136/annrheumdis-2012-202770

Parámetro % pacientes (n=23)

Anemia -Uso de EPO -Transfusión

75% 87% 39%

Neutropenia -Uso de FSCG

80% 9%

Trombopenia 65%

Rash/ prurito 48%

Infeciones 48%

Suspensión del tratamiento - No respuesta virológica - EAs (depresión)

34% 30% 4%

Subanálisis TVR vs BOC sin diferencias significativas

Crioglobulinemia asociada a HCV

• 18 pacientes con crioglobulinemia. Manifestación:

– Púrpura (n=13), polineuropatía (n=9), artralgia (n=12), afectación renal (n=3). • 50% F4; G1 (n=12), G2 (n=2), G4 (n=3), G5 (n=1). • No respondedores: PEG-IFN + RBV (n=11) o IPs (n=6). • Tratamiento: SOF + RBV 24 semanas: VR_EoT: 81% Vasculitis Rta: 78%

Saadoun et al. EASL 2015

0,17

0,1

0,05

0,15

0

0,05

0,1

0,15

0,2

Crioglobulina (mg/dl) C4 (mg/dl)

Inicio

Final

p<0.05

Y

Y

Y Trisomy 3 t(14:18) c-myc bcl-2

LB

LBoligoclonal

LB monoclonal

LYMPHOMA

E2-VHC

REGRESSION IS POSSIBLE IF HCV CLEARED

Genetic factors (IL-10 gene) HGV Enviromental factors

Linfoma & Hepatitis C

HCV: Influencia en tumores

5,2

2,6 2,3

1,6

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Oral Rectum NHL Pancreas

Mortalidad (Odds Ratio)

Allison et al, J Hepatol 2015 (in press)

2,5

2,1

1,7 1,6 1,6

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

2,5

3

Pancreas Rectum Kidney NHL Lung

Incidencia (Odds Ratio)

Impact of HCV in the natural history of NHL

• Poor prognosis: Higher rate of aggressive transformation in HCV pos. More splenic involvement Poorer survival at two years. Increased chemotherapy-induced liver toxicity.

• Types of lymphoma in remission after HCV clearance: Lymphoplasmocitoid lymphoma Natural killer cell lymphoma Marginal zone lymphomas:

Splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes Extranodal (gastro-intestinal).

Erradicar Hepatitis C >>> Tratamiento Linfoma >>> Remisión + SVR

HCV-core

NS5A

Degradation of

IRS-1

1. Pazienza V et al. Hepatology 2007;45:1164 2. Sheikh MY, et al. Hepatology 2008;47:2127 3. Moucari R et al. Gastroenterology 2008;134:416 4. Romero-Gómez et al. Gastroenterology 2005;128:636

IR-DM

Chronic Kidney Disease

Steatosis, Fibrosis

Progression and HCC Improvement of viral fitness

HEPATITIS C INDUCE RESISTENCIA A INSULINA

Increased Cardio Vascular

Risk

4.9%

0.77%

0

3

6

antiHCV

% a

nti

HC

V +

T2DMControls

T2DM (n=2913) Controls (n=21663)

O.R.6,6 (5,3 – 8,3)

Hepatitis C & Diabetes

Lecube et al. Diabetes Care 2006 Romero-Gómez et al. J Hepatol 2008 Romero-Gómez et al. Gastroenterology 2005

17,5

27,3

8,7

15,2

0

25

50

chronic hepatitis cirrhosis

% p

atie

nts

with

DM

type

2

HEP C

HEP B

N=734

Log-rank: 13,8;p<0.0002

La erradicacion viral reduce el riesgo de diabetes tipo 2

Arase Y et al. Hepatology 2009;49:739-44

2842 Japanese patients with chronic HCV treated with IFN or IFN-ribavirin Mean follow-up 6.4 years Outcome: development of diabetes

SVR: HR 2.78 Age >50: HR 2.1 Cirrhosis: HR 3.3 Prediabetes: HR 2.19

Independent risk factors of diabetes

Cum

ulat

ive

deve

lopm

ent r

ate

of T

2DM

(%)

Period of follow-up 0 10 20

0

10

20

30

40

50

P<0.001 Non-SVR (N=1667)

SVR (N=1175)

(E) Secretion

Target Inhibitor

HNF4-alpha

Benzafibrate

(D) Asembly

Target Inhibitor

DGAT1 Quercetin

MTP CP-346086

(C) Replication

Target Inhibitor

PI4KIIIα AL-9 and compounds A & B

FBL2 Statins, iRNA

(B) Entry

Target Inhibitor

NPC1L1 Ezetimibe

LDLr PCSK9

CD81 QV-6A8-F2C4

(A) Lipid Biosynthesis

Target Inhibitor

FDFT1 YM-53601

SREBP SKI-1/S1P: PF-429242, 25-hydroxycholesterol

HGMCoA r Statins

ACAT TMP-153

FASN C75

Replication complex Membranous

web

RNA negative

RNA positive

E1 E2 Apo-B

Apo-E

Apo-CII Apo-CIII

Pre-VLDL

Luminal

LDs

LDs-virion

DGAT1

Lipid droplets

Occludin

CLDN1

Lipid droplets

Romero-Gómez M, Rojas A. Hepatology 2015

Moderador
Notas de la presentación
Lipids: a key for hepatitis C virus viral life cycle and a potential target for antiviral strategies. Lipids play a key role in each step of the viral life cycle, entry, replication, assembly and secretion step. Several proteins have been studied as a possible target to the HCV treatment.   A) FDFT1 is the first specific enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis, catalysing the dimerization of two molecules of farnesyl diphosphate in a two-step reaction to form squalene, essential for lipid droplets formation. Its inhibition by si-RNA or YM-53601 modulated the HCV particles production; SREBP protein regulates fatty acid and cholesterol biosynthesis, which are important by LDs synthesis, assembly, entry and replication step; HMGCoAs is implicated in the first step of cholesterol biosynthesis. The most popular inhibitors are the Statins which are being analysed as a coadyuvant treatment. ACAT: Cholesterol esther synthesis which are destined for storage in lipid droplets or for secretion as apolipoproteins. ACAT inhibitor TMP-153 decreased the HCV particles production; FASN: Novo synthesis of fatty acid. C75 (FASN´s inhibitor) decreases the number of HCV particles. B) NPC1L1: The drug ezetimibe targets this protein and inhibits the absorption of intestinal cholesterol and alpha-tocopherol. This protein may play a critical role in regulating lipid metabolism in addition HCV entry step; LDLr: Low-density lipoprotein receptor which is optimal for the entry and replication of the HCV genome; CD81: Interact with E2 structural viral protein. C) TIP47: Promote the association HCV-RNA with NS5A in replication complexes and mobilizes it to theses LDs. PI4KIIIα: NS5A-PI4KIIIα complex, crucial to form the membranous web site; FBL2: Form a stable immunoprecipitable complex with the HCV non-structural protein 5A (NS5A) important for the replication of the virus. D) DGAT1: The triglyceride-synthesizing enzyme acyl CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) plays a critical role in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection by recruiting the HCV capsid protein core onto the surface of cellular lipid droplets (LDs). Here we find a new interaction between the non-structural protein NS5A and DGAT1 and show that the trafficking of NS5A to LDs depends on DGAT1 activity. MTP, ApoE and ApoB: VLDL assembly and secretion depend on the interaction of apolipoproteins and MTP (microsomal triacylglycerol transfer protein). E) HNF4-alfa: HNF4α and its downstream PLA2GXIIB are important factors affecting the late stage of the HCV life cycle and may serve as potential drug targets for the treatment of HCV infection.

Las concentraciones séricas de LDL y Tg cambian rapidamente durante el tto con SOF/RBV.

Meissner EG, et al. Effect of Sofosbuvir and Ribavirin Treatment on Peripheral and Hepatic Lipid Metabolism in Chronic HCV, Genotype-1 Infected Patients, Hepatology 2015

El tamaño de las partículas de LDL, VLDL y HDL cambia rapidamente durante el tto con SOF/RBV.

Meissner EG, et al. Effect of Sofosbuvir and Ribavirin Treatment on Peripheral and Hepatic Lipid Metabolism in Chronic HCV, Genotype-1 Infected Patients, Hepatology 2015

Diagnóstico de aterosclerosis subclínica

Ampuero et al, Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012

Sistemic chronic inflammation

Chronic endothelial damage

T2DM

Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Outcomes

Ampuero and Romero-Gómez, World J Hepatol 2015

DIRECT MECHANISM

INDIRECT MECHANISM

Incremento del riesgo vascular debido a múltiples factores

Lipid atheragonic profile

HCV: Evaluación CV

• 329 pacientes con hepatitis crónica • 173 con aclaramiento viral espontáneo • 795 no infectados

Mostafa et al, GUT 2010

HCV: Evaluación CV • 174 pacientes con HCV genotipo 1 • 174 controles macheados por sexo, edad y IMC

41,9

22,9

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

HCV Controles

Placas carotídeas (%)

Petta et al, Hepatology 2012

HCV: Evaluación CV

Aterosclerosis carotídea

Huang et al, PLoS ONE 2014

HCV: Evaluación CV

• 5015 pacientes > 40 años. • Datos de registro de Taiwan

Lin et al, Am J Med Sci 2014

HCV: Evaluación CV • 7641 pacientes con HCV + 30564 controles • PAD incrementa con la edad (referencia con 20-34 años)

– 4 veces en pacientes con 35-49 años – 12 veces en pacientes con más de 65 años

Hsu et al, J Hepatol 2015

Tratamiento HCV: Modifica riesgo CV • Estudio observacional

• Cohorte HCV tratada (PEG-IFN + RBV) • Cohorte HCV no tratada • Cohorte no infectada (diabéticos sin HCV)

Hsu et al, Hepatology 2014

Ischemic stroke Acute coronary event

Tratamiento HCV: Modifica riesgo CV • 100 pacientes con hepatitis crónica (73% 1a, 27% 1b) • 17% cirróticos • Tratamiento con SOF+LDV+RBV

Yonoussi et al, EASL 2015

-14,97

-4,38

2,74

-16,59

-2,66

4,46

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

APO AII APO E APO CII EOTSVR4

HEPATITIS C Y RIESGO CARDIOVASCULAR

antiHCV+

PAD Peripheral arterial disease

N=38205

HCV (+) (n=7641) HCV(-) (N=30564)

O.R. 1.43 [1.23-1.67]

CHD Cardiac heart disease

N=24484

antiHCV (+) (n=8251) HCVRNA(+) (n=1434) Controls (n=14799)

HCV vs controls O.R. 1.56 [1.37-1.77] HCVRNA vs controls

O.R. 1.9 [1.5-2.4]

Hsu et al. J Hepatol 2015 Pothieneni NV et al Am J Cardiol 2014;114:1841

Hepatitis C was associated with increased HOMA and increased left ventricular mass index in the same manner than hypertensive patients (Perticone et al. J Hepatol 2014;61:755-760)

Patients HOMA LVMI p

HCV 3.21+1.3 100+23 g/m2 P<0.05 (HCV vs. H)

HT 103+25 g/m2 P<0.05 (HT vs. H)

Healthy 2.5+1.0 83+15 g/m2 P=ns (HCV vs. HT)

Association between antiviral treatment and extrahepatic outcomes in patients with hepatitis C virus infection. Hsu. Gut 2015

Association between antiviral treatment and extrahepatic outcomes in patients with hepatitis C virus infection. Hsu.Gut 2015

Riesgo CV durante la infección HCV

Vespasiani et al, World J Gastroenterol 2014

Caso Clínico: Trombopenia autoinmune HepC

020.00040.00060.00080.000

100.000120.000140.000160.000180.000200.000

lead in 4S 12S 24S 36S 48S 12post

24post

48post

96post

carga viralplaquetas

ELTROMBOPAG 75 MG

PR PR+TVR PR

Caso clínico: autoinmunidad & Hepatitis C

• Mujer 42 años, gen 4, Fibrosis: F2 (Biopsia (2004): F2; Fibroscan (2010): 7.1 kPa; Fibroscan (2014): 7.9 kPa)

• Manifestación extrahepática: – Trombopenia autoinmune (5.000-15.000 plaquetas) con

varios ingresos por metrorragia desde 2010. – Inicia Tto con SOF+LED+RBV

Semana 0 Semana 4 Semana 8 Semana 12

Plaq 10.000 Plaq 45.000 CV 390.000 CV <15

Mensajes • Las manifestaciones extrahepáticas se tratan con las mismas

combinaciones que la enfermedad hepática. • El tratamiento antiviral es la primera elección en el manejo de la

crioglobulinemia. • En pacientes con linfoma y virus C se debe erradicar la infección

antes de iniciar quimioterapia (si el curso de la enfermedad hematológica lo permite).

• La hepatitis C se asocia a mayor riesgo de diabetes, enfermedad renal y riesgo cardiovascular.

• La curación de la hepatitis C podría impactar en el pronóstico de estas comorbilidades.

• La púrpura trombocitopénica autoinmune asociada a hepatitis C puede mejorar tras la erradicación viral mantenida.

!!! muchas gracias ¡¡¡

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