transformative technologies and the internationalization of r&d geoff nimmo industry canada
Post on 27-Mar-2015
213 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
Transformative Technologies and the
Internationalization of R&D
Geoff Nimmo
Industry Canada
Geoff Nimmo – Six Countries Program – Helsinki – June 17-18, 2004
Central Thesis
Transformative technologies do more than change industrial processes. They change entire infrastructures, including governance and regulation.
They do this in uneven ways, leaving some sectors unchanged, while destroying and replacing others.
This results in a need to develop perspectives that elicit relevant nuances for industrial strategy.
Geoff Nimmo – Six Countries Program – Helsinki – June 17-18, 2004
Outline
• Technology Dynamics
• Diffusion of Innovation
• Institutional Roles• Local – Global
• Developed – Developing
Issues Landscape
•Considerations•Roles and Activities•Conclusions
Geoff Nimmo – Six Countries Program – Helsinki – June 17-18, 2004
Basic Questions
• How to manage the ‘public good’ aspects of science?
• In what way will biotechnology (and other technologies) be transformative?
• Are radical changes in public policy needed, or will incremental changes work?
• Where does burden of proof lie – with the status quo, or with potential future benefits?
• How will interactions between transformative technologies and existing institutions merge to produce benefits?
Geoff Nimmo – Six Countries Program – Helsinki – June 17-18, 2004
Industrial Technologies (Dynamics I)
1775 1800 1900 2000
Te
ch
no
log
y I
nte
ns
ity
60 Years 55 Years 50 Years 40 Years
Waterpower, Textiles,
Iron
Steam, Rail, Steel
ICE, Electricity, Chemicals
Aviation, Petrochemicals,
Electronics
ICT
BIO
Nano
Geoff Nimmo – Six Countries Program – Helsinki – June 17-18, 2004
Growth•Standardization•Wide acceptance•Impacts understood
Developing•Rapid development•Increased acceptance•Growing support structure
Early•Competing concepts•High implementation risk•Unknown impacts
Industrial Technologies (Dynamics II)
Mature•Commodity pricing•Low risk•Full support infrastructure
Transformation Zone•New vs. Old•Risky vs. Safe•Unknown vs. Known•Opportunity vs. Stagnation
Geoff Nimmo – Six Countries Program – Helsinki – June 17-18, 2004
Diffusion of Innovation
Commercialization – Continuity of Interest Value
Innovation Production Use
Process Flow
Information Flow
Research Development Manufacturing Marketing Customer Support End UserValley of Death Sales Chasm
Geoff Nimmo – Six Countries Program – Helsinki – June 17-18, 2004
Stakeholders
Government•Economic development•Regulations•Intellectual property•Conflict resolution
Business•Research and development•Market Development•Infrastructure and support•Financing
Non-Government Organizations•Represent specific public interests•Rely mainly on influence•Can (and do) appear anywhere•Driven by principles rather than practical issues
Local National Regional Global
Geoff Nimmo – Six Countries Program – Helsinki – June 17-18, 2004
Issues LandscapeG
ove
rnm
ent
Bu
sin
ess
No
n-G
ove
rnm
ent
Org
aniz
atio
ns
Loca
lN
atio
nal
Reg
iona
lG
loba
l
Research Develop Manufacture Market Support Use
•Science as public good•Global projects (Genome)•Regions (ERA)
•Nat’l science agendas•Academic support
•Academia
•SMEsIn
cen
tive
s fo
r g
lob
al o
uts
ou
rcin
g
TENSION
•Scale•Spread R&Dcost
•Culture &customs
•Source ofbusinessmodel
•Source ofIdeas
Geoff Nimmo – Six Countries Program – Helsinki – June 17-18, 2004
Big Science
Considerations•Global impacts – new life forms, pandemics•Implications for global orgs: WTO, WHO, FAO, OECD•Large-scale projects (Human Genome)•Global assessment tasks – risk management, environment, systems•Global problems – security, climate, communications & transportation
Roles and Activities•Joint priority setting•Provide adequate funding•Extend/modify treaties
Geoff Nimmo – Six Countries Program – Helsinki – June 17-18, 2004
National R&D Agendas
Considerations•Specific national requirements
•Security, environment, skills, international competitiveness•Specific national impacts
•Environment, legacy industries•National values & ethics may differ (EU vs. NA)•Regulatory process built into legislation & jurisprudence•Temptation to use standards to create dominance
Roles and Activities•Identify national priorities•Co-ordinate R&D efforts•Create country linkages within innovation cultures
Geoff Nimmo – Six Countries Program – Helsinki – June 17-18, 2004
Academic Support
Considerations•Essential for moving science forward
•Primary domain of pure research
•Specific areas of expertise
•Necessary for skills development & economic growth
•Springboard for national positions in international debates
Roles and Activities•Participate in local technology clusters
•Need greater sensitivity to end use of research
Geoff Nimmo – Six Countries Program – Helsinki – June 17-18, 2004
SMEs
Considerations•Primary vehicle for new technology exploitation
•Engine of technological progress
•Accept costs and risks of product development
•Subject to threats due to loss of competitive advantage
Roles and Activities•Need to participate in cluster formation•Need to support infrastructure development•Maintain & support entrepreneurial posture
•Focus on business model
Geoff Nimmo – Six Countries Program – Helsinki – June 17-18, 2004
Global Manufacturing
Considerations•Very cost conscious and competitive•Requires availability of labor, skills, resources
•Takes place locally and globally•Offshore manufacturing a major issue
•Pharmaceuticals exemplify a special case•Full supply can be produced in one production run•… but there could be many products
•International co-operation needed to rationalize drug development
Roles and Activities•Production for global markets a nat’l strategy•May require new patent regimes•Integrate with other sectors for bio-economy (energy, agriculture)
Geoff Nimmo – Six Countries Program – Helsinki – June 17-18, 2004
Global Markets
Considerations•Area of considerable conflict and tension:
•Local customs, standards and regulations•Need to accommodate many interests in one business model
•Need economies of scale & distribute R&D costs•Grey markets, IP protection an issue•Strong NGO presence
•May impact regulations, limit profit potential
Roles and Activities•Participate in global regulatory regimes•Foster adaptability, agility•Work with NGOs
Geoff Nimmo – Six Countries Program – Helsinki – June 17-18, 2004
Conclusions
• Biotechnology experience demonstrates that the evolution and impact of transformative technologies on science and its internationalisation cannot be projected as a straight line from the past
• Possible long term institutional shifts that will lead to increased internationalisation in regulatory science, and perhaps large scale public good projects
• Incentives for the private sector to engage in many of the core areas of human health and agriculture have been reduced and the costs increased
• Despite being the targets of resistance, MNEs are more likely to benefit from the institutional shifts than SMEs
• Developing countries could leapfrog up the development ladder more rapidly through superior institutional readiness for transformative technologies
• This could lead to a rethinking of the role of R&D in the acceleration of economic development in the the developing world
top related