transactive energy systems 2016

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Harnessing Flexibility in an Evolving Electric Power SystemT R A N S A C T I V E E N E R G Y S Y S T E M S

Portland, OR

May 17-19, 2016

Portland, Oregon

GridWise® Architecture Council

Transactive Energy

and the Internet of

Things

James Mater, Jim Zuber,

QualityLogic, Inc.

Linda Rankin, V-Squared

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Harnessing Flexibility in an Evolving Electric Power SystemT R A N S A C T I V E E N E R G Y S Y S T E M S

Portland, OR

Topics

• IoT Background

• Transactive Energy as an IoT application

• Current state of IoT to meet TE needs and ramifications

• Case Study: Example of Integrating Demand Response

on a Popular IoT Hub

• Summary and Conclusions

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Harnessing Flexibility in an Evolving Electric Power SystemT R A N S A C T I V E E N E R G Y S Y S T E M S

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Internet of Things (IoT) Defined• The Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of physical

objects with electronics, software, sensors, and network

connectivity that enables these objects to collect and

exchange data.

• The availability of ….

– Small commodity sensors and microcontrollers

– Pervasive wired and wireless connectivity

• …has resulted in thousands of IoT products that can be…

– Connected

– Monitored

– Controlled

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4Attribution: infographic made by Postscapes in collaboration with Harbor Research

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Harnessing Flexibility in an Evolving Electric Power SystemT R A N S A C T I V E E N E R G Y S Y S T E M S

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IoT Devices Installed Base Growth

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Attribution: infographic made by Postscapes in collaboration with Harbor Research

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Harnessing Flexibility in an Evolving Electric Power SystemT R A N S A C T I V E E N E R G Y S Y S T E M S

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Emerging IoT Platform and

Development Frameworks

• IoT Platform characteristics

– Plug-n-play (i.e. discovery services)

– Peer-to-peer and/or cloud connectivity

– Extensibility based on application profiles

– Security options such as password, cybersecurity

– Messaging (i.e. text to phones, data collection)

– Manageability features (including remote provisioning)

• Emerging IoT Development Frameworks

– Standard frameworks available as open source (IoTivity, AllJoyn)

– Commodity platforms and software

– Vendor adoption occurring (appliance and lighting manufacturers)

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Definition of Transactive Energy

• From GridWise® Architecture Council’s Transactive

Energy Framework

“A system of economic and control mechanisms that

allows the dynamic balance of supply and demand

across the entire electrical infrastructure using value as a

key operational parameter”

• Defining TE not the subject of this paper

– Assumes TE system with messaging requirements

– TE used for managing distributed energy assets

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Harnessing Flexibility in an Evolving Electric Power SystemT R A N S A C T I V E E N E R G Y S Y S T E M S

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IoT Relationship to TE Management

• A collection of objects connected using IP communications

• Typically distributed sensors/actuators

• Can be used to for energy management applications

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Thermostat/MeterActing as a GateWay

Peer-to-peer network

Smart Inverter/EV Charger

Smart Appliance

Mobile Device

Control Server

© V-SQUARED 2016

Distributed Energy Management is an IoT applicationAttribution: V-SQUARED

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Harnessing Flexibility in an Evolving Electric Power SystemT R A N S A C T I V E E N E R G Y S Y S T E M S

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Ramifications of Leveraging IoT• IoT development frameworks

– + Provide much of the infrastructure needed for deploying these

systems

– + Opportunity to leverage installed base that exists in devices

– + Provided infrastructure allows focus on the TE specific application

– - IoT systems can be resource constrained

– - Definition of application profiles that meet TE management needs

• What is needed from the TE community

– TE messaging protocols

– System or behavior policy requirements (example, communication

latency based on service type)

– Security requirements (example, based on size or type of asset

system)

9Attribution: V-SQUARED

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Harnessing Flexibility in an Evolving Electric Power SystemT R A N S A C T I V E E N E R G Y S Y S T E M S

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Case Study Hypothesis

• TE needs a standard messaging protocol to exchange

information such as status, participation (buy or sell), load

and price forecasts.

• OpenADR can be viewed as a proxy for a TE messaging

protocol.

• Demonstrating that OpenADR can be used to control

these IoT resources supports the notion that IoT can play

a role in Transactive Energy.

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Harnessing Flexibility in an Evolving Electric Power SystemT R A N S A C T I V E E N E R G Y S Y S T E M S

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Example TE Topology Design

TEN

$

/

M

W

hHours

$

/

M

W

hHours

$

/

M

W

hHours

Transmission-

Level objectives

(e.g. Energy cost;

Trans Constraints)

Utility-Level

objectives

(e.g. Avoid demand

charges)

Local objectives

(e.g. Incent usage

when local wind

farm generating)

$

/

M

W

Hours

Final Incentive

Signal received by

Responsive Asset

Price Forecast Price Forecast

Load Forecast Load Forecast

TEN TEN TEN

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OpenADR Topology Mimics a

Hierarchical TE Topology • Hierarchical nodes referred to as VTNs and VENs

• Two-way communications between pairs of nodes

• Distributed decision logic at each node – similar to TE

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Harnessing Flexibility in an Evolving Electric Power SystemT R A N S A C T I V E E N E R G Y S Y S T E M S

Portland, OR

Can the SmartThings IoT Hub be a

TE Node?

• Determine if the popular

SmartThings home control system

can be leveraged to support

OpenADR messaging

– Kickstart funded company acquired by

Samsung for $200M in 2014

– SmartThings technology to be leveraged

across Samsung electronic/appliance

offerings

– Data point – SmartThings mobile App

downloads 300K +

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Technical Approach• Approach…

– Write a OpenADR A profile VEN as SmartThings “device handler”

– Receipt of an OpenADR signal would appear as a sensor state

change

– Use “Rules Engine” SmartApp to define behaviors for normal,

moderate, high, and special load shed upon receipt of state

change

• Challenges…

– Extremely constrained programming environment

– Very limited execution environment (40 second limit)

– Slightly unstable environment (Polling from Cloud)

– Arduino fallback – ZigBee ping

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SmartThings Project

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SmartThings Project

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SmartThings Project

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Portland, OR © © QualityLogic 2016

SmartThings Project

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Take Away from SmartThings Effort

• Technically, it was not difficult to enable SmartThings for

energy management

– Minimal time (1-2 weeks) to code the VEN

• Need to demonstrate that secure communication as

required by OpenADR can be implemented

• Still an early adopter market for IoT

• Fruitful area for TE program research/pilots

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SmartThings VEN Download• SmartThings code available as open source at

https://www.qualitylogic.com/Contents/Smart-

Grid/Products-Services/OpenADR/OpenADR-IoT-

Download.aspx

• Contact for more information: Jim Zuber, CTO,

QualityLogic, Inc., jimzuber@QualityLogic.com

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Harnessing Flexibility in an Evolving Electric Power SystemT R A N S A C T I V E E N E R G Y S Y S T E M S

Portland, OR

Summary and Conclusions

• Emerging IoT platforms and development frameworks

show promise in providing an ecosystem that can be

leveraged for TE

• TE protocols and standards should be designed with IoT

in mind

• Correspondingly, IoT frameworks contain some gaps

• Much can be learned by experiments and demonstrations

of TE applications on IoT platforms

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