training methods& techniques(9)
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Training Methods
A training method is the process, technique or approach
which a trainer uses in teaching. The method by which training is delivered often varies
based on the needs of the company, the trainee, and on the
task being performed.
The method chosen will motivate employees to learn, helpthem retain and transfer what they have learned and
enhance performance with other skills and knowledge.
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Some Common Training Methods
On-the-job Training Off-the-job Training
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On-the-Job Training
On-the-job training (OJT) means having person learn a jobby actually doing it. It is one of the best training methodsbecause it is planned, organized, and conducted at theemployee's worksite.
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Types of On-the-job training
Coaching or understudy method acquiring skills by observingthe supervisor.
Job rotation trainee moves from job to job at planned intervals.
Job enlargement-it involves expanding the number of tasks orduties to a given job. Enlarge jobs by adding tasks of similarnature and skill.
Job enrichment-it is vertical change in loading,i.e. supervisorytasks are added involving- planning, organizing and controllingof jobs.
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Job instruction training(JIT):It consists of four basic step:
Preparing the trainees by telling them about the job and
overcoming their uncertainties.
Presenting the instruction, giving essential information in a clear
manner.
Having trainees try out the job to demonstrate their
understanding.
Placing the workers into the job, on their own
Syndicate method: Working in a small group to achieve a
particular purpose is described as syndicate method
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Off-the-job training methods
1. Role Play Training Method: Role play is a simulation in which
each participant is given a role to play. Trainees are given with
some information related to description of the role, concerns,
objectives, responsibilities, emotions, etc. Then, a general
description of the situation, and the problem that each one ofthem faces, is given. For instance, situation could be strike in
factory, managing conflict, two parties in conflict, scheduling
vacation days, etc. Once the participants read their role
descriptions, they act out their roles by interacting with oneanother.
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2. Case Study Training Method:Case Studies try to simulate
decision making situation that trainees may find at their workplace. It reflects the situations and complex problems faced by
managers, staff, HR, CEO, etc. The objective of the case study
method is to get trainees to apply known concepts and ideologies
and ascertain new ones. The case study method emphasize on
approach to see a particular problem rather than a solution.
3. Vestibule training A form of training in which new employees
learn the job in a setting that approximates as closely as is
practicable to the actual working environment. An example is the
training of airline pilots in a simulated cockpit. This type oftraining is generally used when the use of actual equipment by
untrained employees would be too risky or when the actual work
setting would be unconducive to learning (e.g. because of noise
levels).
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4. Business game: it is a technique in which participants consider a
sequence of problems and take decision.
5. Simulated management games:SMG provides the vital link
between theory and practice in unique manner.
6. In- basket exercise:It provides trainees with a log of written text
or information and requests, such as memos, messages, and
reports, which would be handled by manger, engineer, reporting
officer, or administrator.
7. Action learning: It establish the relationship between learning and
doing
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8. Sensitivity training
9. Transactional analysis
10.Fish-bowl exercise
11. Johari window
12. Counseling
13. Empowering
14. Interviewing
15. Self-development
16. Out-bound learning
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