towards resilience: community driven drr & cca financing
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Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II) Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief, Government of Bangladesh
Abdul Qayyum Mohammad National Project Director (Additional Secretary ), CDMP II, MoDMR, Bangladesh
6th AMCDRR, Bangkok, Thailand
23 June 2014
TOWARDS RESILIENCE: COMMUNITY DRIVEN DRR & CCA FINANCING LESSONS FROM LOCAL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION FUND (LDRRF) INTERVENTION
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Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II) Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief, Government of Bangladesh
DROUGHT - Affecting 8.3 million Ha of land.
FLASH FLOOD Unpredictable, recurring, uncertain.
FLOOD - Inundates more areas, increases river erosion, breaches embankments, damage infrastructures.
CYCLONE - Remain to be the deadliest and most destructive hazard. It is recurring, with lingering aftermath, complex recovery.
First rank climate change vulnerable nations.
Fifth rank in the world risk index 2012
SALINITY INTRUSION - Spreading from 1.5 to 2.5 Mha (2007).
AND CLIMATE CHANGE HAZARDS, EARTHQUAKES, FIRE BREAKOUT, INFRASTRUCTURE COLLAPSE ETC.
Number of people exposed yearly
45 Million
20 Million
28Million
Bangladesh incurred an average annual loss equal to 1.8% of GDP due to natural disasters in the past two decades (source Sixth Five-Year Plan)
RISK PROFILE
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Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II) Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief, Government of Bangladesh
RISK REDUCTION IN BANGLADESH
The country has dramatically reduced impacts of extreme events in rapid onset disasters such as cyclone and floods.
Climate change increased the vulnerability and put the country more complex situation in disaster and its adverse impact already been evidenced.
Sharing knowledge, experiences of disaster risk reduction, and the regional cooperation are crucial for building resilience communities and nations
CYCLONE
FLOOD
DROUGHT
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Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II) Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief, Government of Bangladesh
FLOURISHING ENVIRONMENT
Robust ecosystem and safe built environment
VIBRANT AND JUST SOCIETY
Social well being and good governanve
PROSPEROUS ECONOMY
Robust productivity and well distributed
dividends
Reduced vulnerability
Enhanced capacities
Mitigated and adapted
hazards
RESILIENT COMMUNITIES Continue growing, able to withstand
shocks
*Modified from Satendra & Sharma, 2004
DRR GOAL: RESILIENT COMMUNITIES
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Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II) Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief, Government of Bangladesh
A TWO-PHASED PROGRAMME TO SUPPORT GOVERNMENT VISION
A comprehensive Approach: all hazard, all risk, all phases, all sectors A platform for different actors for bridging the gaps A convergence of supports from Development Partners
OVERALL OBJECTIVES
To strengthen the capacity of the disaster management system to reduce unacceptable risk and improve response and recovery management at all levels.
KEY ELEMENTS OF A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH
Getting the right balance of prevention, preparedness, response and recovery Formal and Traditional hazard and risk analysis
Moving from generic to specific risk interventions Mainstreaming risk reduction across hazards and sectors Empowering stakeholders partners and communities
CDMP IN LOCAL RESILIENCE BUILDING
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Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II) Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief, Government of Bangladesh
OUTCOME AREAS
Professionalising DM System
Rural Risk Reduction
Urban Risk Reduction
Preparedness and Response
Mainstreaming DRR and CCA
Community level Climate Change
Adaptation
MODMR
DDM
PARTNER DEPTS / MINS
DMCs
LOC. ADMINS
MSU UNDP
UNIVERSITIES
TRG INSTS.
NGOS
CIVIL SOCIETY
PRIVATE SECTORS
DELIVERY MECHANISMS
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Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II) Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief, Government of Bangladesh
COMMUNITY BASED DM
Risk Reduction Interventions
Preparedness and mitigation
Response
Recovery/rehabilitation
Risk assessment
CRA
FTRA
RRAP
Bangladesh has over 20 years experience of Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction (CBDRR), the Community Risk Assessment (CRA) and Risk Reduction Action Planning (RRAP).
In addition voluntarism in rural and urban settings have gained momentum during this time.
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Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II) Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief, Government of Bangladesh
Key Dimensions of Planning and Financing
Community Resilience
Bangladesh Experiences
Identification and assessment of DRR and
CCA at local level
CRA
Prioritizing and costing the activities for
DRR and CCA
RRAP
Prioritized and costed DRR & CCA options at
different levels
CCTF, CRTF
Financing local level DRR and CCA initiatives LDRRF
Ensure accountability of the financing at
local level
Regular training to DMCs,
DMC and PIC meeting and
monitoring
BANGLADESHS EXPERIENCES
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Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II) Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief, Government of Bangladesh
Community Risk Assessment (CRA) and Fast Track Risk Assessment (FTRA) are participatory process primarily for the rural areas to: Assess hazards, vulnerabilities, risks, ability to
cope Prepare coping strategies and Prepare a risk reduction action plan (RRAP)
for implementation by the local authority and other actors.
So far 714 CRA and 307 Fast Track Risk Assessment (FTRA) have been conducted in 339 most vulnerable Unions of 107 Upazilas and 40 Districts. In addition to that, 10 more URAs completed in collaboration with INGOs in Dhaka North & South City Corporation and FTRA done in 11 more CC/municipalities in 8 Districts
RISK ASSESSMENT
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Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II) Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief, Government of Bangladesh
After a CRA, communities develop a detailed risk reduction
strategy, which they will implement through local
community institutions or local government bodies.
MAJOR STEPS OF CRA Scoping the Community Transact walk, wealth ranking census, resource mapping,
focus group discussions, key informants interviews, etc. Collect, analyze and validate secondary information with
the community
Identification of Hazards, Vulnerable Sectors, Elements and Locations Divide participants into stakeholder groups to identify the hazards they face in their communities and associated vulnerable sectors/elements/locations.
Risk Analysis and Evaluation Analyze and evaluate risk statements to ensure an accurate picture of each hazard and its respective risks, and rank them according to the impact stakeholders perceive them to have on the various community elements.
Specific Risk Reduction Options and Action Planning Determine the most effective and appropriate risk reduction options for the elimination, reduction and/or management of risk.
Consensus on Options Jointly review with primary and secondary stakeholders the compiled output of coping strategies recommended by primary stakeholder groups and agree on options for risk reduction action.
The end product is a consensual community risk assessment and set of risk reduction
actions
In the following situation a CRA will take a minimum of 7 days: 1 Union; 3 ward (old) 4 stakeholder groups (e.g. landless, farmers, women, disabled, adolescents, etc.) a skilled facilitator team a venue that allows for concurrent sessions
Key steps in CRA
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Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II) Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief, Government of Bangladesh
Selection of disaster prone districts through a rigorous and consultative process.
Work with District, Upazila/municipalities and Union authorities and I/NGOs to identify Upazila/municipalities, Union/wards and vulnerable communities
Pursue CRA once community is identifies.
Participatory Risk Reduction Action Plans developed based on CRA, which are community led, inclusive, address the most vulnerable and risk sensitive.
Proposals are developed by the community & LGIs.
The proposals are verified based on the priority, the effectiveness of risk reduction and costing.
Technical and approval committee for proper screening of proposals.
Budgeting, shared resources, time line and informing communities.
Implementation, regular monitoring and quality assurance and review.
Documentation of the process and results and communicate those.
KEY DIMENSIONS OF THE CRA & LDRRF
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Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II) Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief, Government of Bangladesh
MATRIX USED FOR DISTRICT SELECTION
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Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II) Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief, Government of Bangladesh
SELECTED 40 DISTRICTS
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Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II) Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief, Government of Bangladesh
PROJECT IDENTIFICATION PROCESS
LDRRF Target: 40 Districts
CDMP I identified 16 & CDMP II added 24 districts based on vulnerability
Projects for LDRRF support must have linkage of CRA/RRAP
Projects under BDT 2.5 million are implemented by UDMC
Projects between BDT 2.5-5 million are implemented by UzDMC
Projects above BDT 5 million are implemented by short-listed NGOs through RFP process
Projects under urban risk reduction are implemented by CC/municipalities
Identifying vulnerable Upazilas
Identifying most
vulnerable Unions
CRA, CRA revisit or
FTRA
Project Proposal
Development (Site Engineers, PIO, Endorsed by UNO)
Technical Review and
Approval
Contracts Signed
Implementation cycle begins
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Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II) Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief, Government of Bangladesh
DM Act 2012 provision of national and district level DM Fund
Wide range of social safety net programme potential area to integrate with DRR & CCA
Donor community
Coordination at all levels with I/NGOs, academic institutions, local authorities and communities
Communities living with disasters
Local authorities and communities willing to take leadership role.
The comprehensive approaches on DRR and CCA integrate the local resource , knowledge and address the local need
KEY MOTIVATING FACTORS
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Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II) Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief, Government of Bangladesh
Preparedness and mitigation (Structural) Disaster Resilient Habitats Embankment cum road construction/re-
construction Shelter for animals and livestock Plinth raising house, school etc. Protection wall shelter, embankment etc. Canal/re-excavation Provide saline free drinking water (Deep
/Tube well,Rain Water Harvester,
Pond Sand filter, Pond excavation, re-excavation, Reverse osmosis
Brick Flat Soiling (BFS) Herringbone road (HBR) to reach shelter Provide rescue boat Cyclone Shelter re-construction Afforestation Improvement of drainage system Reverse Osmosis Plant Preparedness and mitigation (Non-structural)
Awareness raising community level Capacity strengthening -local level Strengthening community medias - Radios
Non Farm livelihood support Development of contingency, DM Plan
RISK REDUCTION INTERVENTIONS
More than 3 million people in 42 districts, 107 Upazilas, 5 municipalities and 339 Unions are more resilient due to 2,522 (2484 in rural, 38 in urban) structural and non-structural local risk reduction interventions financed by LDRRF.
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Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II) Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief, Government of Bangladesh
PICTORIAL VIEW OF INTERVENTIONS
Construction of U-Drain Construction of drainage
DRH at Gopalgonj
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Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II) Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief, Government of Bangladesh
PICTORIAL VIEW OF INTERVENTIONS
DRH Honble Minister, MoDMR DRH Gopalgonj
DRH Gazipara DRH Gopalgonj
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Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II) Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief, Government of Bangladesh
PICTORIAL VIEW OF INTERVENTIONS
Rain water harvest
DRH Bainpara DRH Bainpara
Solar powered PSF Water option Pond excavation Water option
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Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II) Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief, Government of Bangladesh
PICTORIAL VIEW OF INTERVENTIONS
Re-excavation of canal Embankment cum road
Cyclone shelter repairing Land raised for flood victims
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Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II) Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief, Government of Bangladesh
PICTORIAL VIEW OF INTERVENTIONS
Water supply through pipeline
Water dispenser Secondary embankment cum road
Killah and tree plantation
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Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II) Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief, Government of Bangladesh
PICTORIAL VIEW OF INTERVENTIONS
Embankment cum road Reverse Osmosis Plant Water option Vegetation at Killah
Homestead gardening at DRH Brick Flat Soiling (BFS) Hygienic Toilet
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Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II) Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief, Government of Bangladesh
Community Based Response
49,365 rural community volunteers provides service in CPP programme
Over 26,000 urban community volunteers developed. The urban volunteers proved their crucial value in search and rescue operations during the Rana Plaza disaster in April 2013. 2,438 people were rescued alive from the collapsed building.
59 landslide volunteers are operating in Coxs Bazar and Teknaf areas.
Initiative has been taken to pilot flood volunteers in the most vulnerable districts Sirajgonaj and Gaibandah under Bangladesh Ansar.
Developed and scale up flood volunteer
RISK REDUCTION INTERVENTIONS
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Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II) Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief, Government of Bangladesh
Because.
a normal time dilemma leads to reduced vigilance
Committees need to be engaged in practical risk reduction activities in normal time to remain alert
Committees engaged in implementation of schemes under LDRRF are more than twice as functional as committees that are not
But committees need training in design and implementation of risk reduction schemes
and they need institutionalized access to financial resources
DMC Functionality Profile
DM aw areness
Management/administration
Risk reduction
RR scheme implementationEarly w arning
Disaster response
Post-disaster response
LDRRF
Non-LDRRF
Union Disaster Management Committees that are
engaged in LDRRF schemes are much more vibrant
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Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II) Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief, Government of Bangladesh
The CRA process found instrumental to ensure the participation of community people, identify the local risk and address the risk from disaster and climate change.
The local community are aware of the current and future risk to be intensified from the climate change.
Risk reduction and adaptation practice and need to be address together for minimizing the risk and to build resilience communities and nations.
The process advocate to build the DM fund at local and national level which is indicated in the DM Act.
Need sharing of result and learning to the national , regional and international level to institutionalize the LDRRF for DRR and CCA in together.
KEY LESSONS
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Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II) Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief, Government of Bangladesh
WAY FORWARD Sustainable strategy need to be developed for local financing
through contributory fund arrangement;
Establish linkage between local DRM/ CCA initiatives and development initiatives through mainstreaming;
Design and implement comprehensive DRM/ CCA activities in selected disaster hot spot districts to showcasing the result;
Continue monitor the on-going activities and ensure quality and timely completions;
Support government to institutionalize LDRRF;
Enhance coordination mechanism to scale up the good practices to the regional level
Documentation, archiving and knowledge dissemination to the wider audience and institutions .
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Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II) Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief, Government of Bangladesh
Thank you For more information contact:
LDRRF Secretariat
Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II)
Disaster Management & Relief Bhaban (6th Floor)
92-93 Mohakhali C/A, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh, Tel: (+88 02) 989 0937, 882 1255 Website: www.cdmp.org.bd
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