toward civilization prehistory--500 b.c

TowardCivilization

Prehistory--500 B.C.

Early Man

Vocabulary

1. Technology2. Old Stone Age3. Hunter-gatherer4. Border Cave5. Agriculture6. New Stone Age7. Domesticate8. Surplus9. Specialization10.Civilization11.Trade12.Time line13.Circa

• Stone Age• nomad• fertile• domesticate• irrigation

• surplus• artisan• civilization• social class

High use words: Evidence/ ward off/ characterize/ pastoral/ occupation/ refine/ axle/ prosperity

Does Geography help us understand why civilizations grew where they did?

Check out these places on Google Earth

COMMON?HAVEINPLACESTHESEDIDWHAT

Border Cave

A major archeological site in Zululand, South Africa and home of Old Stone Age hunters and gatherers

When did life begin?

No one knows for sure when life began

What is the Border Cave?Border Cave is a rock shelter in the Lebombo Mountains between South Africa and Swaziland, in Kwazulu Natal, South Africa.

What continent is the border cave located?Africa

the world’s second largest continent that lies south of Europe

What country is the Border Cave located?

South Africa

What two oceansborder this country?

Atlantic and Indian Oceans

In what part of SouthAfrica is the Border Cave located?

northeast

How did such technology giveone long period of time its name?

Stone tools were the main technology so this is where the name Old Stone Age came from

Old Stone Age – during this period that lasted fromabout 12,000 years ago stone tools were the most common technology used by humans.

During this period of prehistory people developed the ability to use fire!!!!

What are two ways the development of this technology affected their lives?

It made it possible to cook

They could moveto colder climates

Hint

*

*

Where did the Border Cave people live?

In a cave!!!!!!!!

The cave was lined with grass and heatedby fire.

Bows and Arrows

the remains unearthed in the Border Cave in southern Africa-- included the skeleton of an infant

They also held religious convictions and believed in the afterlife, for the body of the infant had been carefully and ceremoniously buried. The baby had been buried with seashell beads. This suggest that the baby was deeply cared for.It also suggested that they believed in some type of an afterlife. These beads also proved they valued beauty.

*

What is the meaning on the term technology?

The use of skills to meet practical needs

Who studies remains of the past?

Archaeologists

Example of early man‘s technologyStone tools were used to chop and cut

They were also used as spearheads for hunting

1. Archaeology – is the study of the remains of past cultures.

2. Excavate – when archaeologists dig or scoop out dirt.

What clues were found here concerning the beginning of human life?

Bones from 2 million years ago

Hunting

and

Gathering

The Border Cave inhabitants were hunter-gatherers.

Hunter-gatherers were people of the Old Stone Age who met needs by hunting animals and gathering plants.

*

Almost all of human prehistorytook place during the Old Stone Age.

Notes from Section 2

• Old Stone Age- nomads- • lasted from about 12,000 years ago

Middle Stone Age- more advanced tools/ hunter-gatherers New Stone Age- people began farming• What is one way scientists date artifacts?(13) radiocarbon dating

•Stone Age divided into 3 periods: (13)

• How did technology give this period this name?

Stone tools were the main technology

Early Man

Old Stone Age tools

Why is art from ancient times important??

There arenowrittenrecords from thosetimes

Lets Explore

Early People

About 12,000 years ago Earth’s coolclimate began to warm.

This change caused the number of plants and animals on Earth to soar. The number of people grew as well, as hunters and gatherersaround the world took advantageof Earth’s new bounty.

New Stone Age – During this period people still mainlydepended on stone tools and they began experimenting with agriculture. The New Stone Age began about 12,000 years ago

This period lasted About 6000 years.

What change took place on Eartharound the time of the New Stone Age?

The Earth began to warm

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Agriculture became important during theNew Stone Age period!!!

What is agriculture?

Agriculture is the raising of crops and animals for humanuse.

What did agriculture enable the people of this time period to do?

A. People could live in large groups with out need to travel to gather food

B. People raised domesticated plants and animals

*

What does domesticate mean?

To train to be useful to human beingsName two things that the ancient man domesticated?

Animals PlantsExample: Learning to plants seeds and care for the plant (wheat, barley, peas)

Goats, cattle, and sheep

In order for farming settlements to develop into cities the needed a good source of _____________.

hint

Water

*

Surplus – an extra supply of something, such as crops that are not needed immediately for food

Extra milk from the cowsExtra food left over

*

*Because of surplus the population grew

Specialization – training to do a particular kind of work

People learned to specialize and become skilled at other trades such as making tools, bricks, and pots.

The Neolithic site of Çatal höyük was first discovered in the late 1950s. The site rapidly became famousinternationally due to the large size and dense occupation of the settlement, as well as the spectacular wallpaintings and other art that was uncovered inside the houses.

Click to see picture

Catal Huyuk is considered to be one of the world’s first farming community

Where is Catal Huyuk?

How do you pronounce Catal Huyuk? CHAH tul HOO yook

What does Çatal Huyük mean? Forked Mound

Turkey

Catal Huyuk had a population of about 5000 people

Click here to hear for the pronunciation

Why are they studying Çatal Höyük?To learn more about the Neolithic Period, or New Stone Age, when people began abandoning hunter-gatherer lifestyles to settle in communities, grow crops, and raise animals.

Lets take the TOUR

Click here

Living in Catal Huyuk?

The homes were built to last. The houses had brick wallscoated with plaster.

The houses were built right against each other.

Why do you think the houses were built right next to each other?

Protection maybe

There were no streets in Catal Huyuk? hmmmmm

There were no door in Catal Huyuk? hmmmm

Why???And how did they get from place to place and how did they get in their homes???????

Simple protection again

They entered their homes through the roof

They used a ladder

diagram shows the dense house layout.

Reconstruction drawing of an 'aerial view' of the Neolithic site in spring

Layout

See in real time

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arrow

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1996 Excavations in the Mellaart area with the wall lifting machinery on the right

Before cleaning

After cleaning

Interesting fact about Catal Huyuk!!!!!!!!!!

What happened when you died in this civilization?

• After a body was placed in a pit, the pit was filled with clay and the opening sealed with plaster- the platform was coated with a fresh layer of plaster. • to add a burial to this pit, it was opened, cleared of earth, the bones of the previous burial pushed aside to make space, and the new burial, tightly wrapped in cloth or reed matting was placed in the pit and resealed. • Interestingly, most adults were buried without any grave goods. • Babies and children- often buried with long strands of small polished beads made of stone, shell or coral.

Click here to See the bones

Copper armband found on one of the individuals excavated in the 4040 area..

Wall paintings discovered in the 1960s

Items traded: pottery/ tools/ weapons/ baskets/ cloth/ spicesItems traded for: food/ goods neededOne of the most amazing inventions: Wheel & axle

Traders easily spread new ideas & information with different cultures

Trade – the exchange of goods between peoples

The crafts in Catal Huyuk attracted many people to the city and they began to trade their beautiful items for those that others had to offer.

Exceptionalflint 'daggers‘with decorativeone handles

These are modern Obsidian points. This black volcanic glass was the economic fuel that powered Catal Huyuk.

Obsidian products from Catal Huyuk were found in Syria, and Syrian pottery was foundin Catal Huyuk. What can you infer from the

statement above????

Trade

The people of Catal Huyuktraded with the people of Syria

Infer – deduce, assume

Understand

Surmise, conclude

Figure 3: Skeletons excavatedunder the northwest platform of building 1.

The deep sounding at the end of September 1999, with the excavators standing on lake marl.

Infant burial conserved and lifted in box,

Excavation

Figure 22. Grave F.735: a young female c. 18–25

Finds from the recent excavations

Clay figure

Hook bone

Stone and shell beads

Obsidian point Neolithic pot

Clay objects

reconstruction of how it may have looked if the holes in its head were used for decorative purposes.

Civilization – a culture that has developed systems of

specialization, religion, learning, and government

We do not know what the people of Catal Huyuk believed but religion was obviously important to them. They made figurines of clay and stone, which may havebeen gods and goddesses. They also mounted bull's skulls on the walls of some buildings and covered them in plaster to resemble living heads. It is believed these buildings were shrines.

Catal Huyuk was abandoned about 5,000 BC. Nobody

knows why but it may have been due to climate change.

Catal Huyuk was then forgotten for thousands of years till it was

rediscovered in 1958. Excavation began in 1961.

The EndWhat happen to Catal Huyuk ???

Link on slide 8 just goes to video hit enter when it finishes playing

http://www.culture.gouv.fr/culture/arcnat/lascaux/en/ To the cave with flashlight and

An extra link