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TOPICSTOPICS

PLANT PHYSIOLOGYB 4 WATER RELATIONS OF

PLANTSPLANTS (10 MARKS)B 5 BIOENERGETICS (12 MARKS)5 O G CS ( S)

B 6 GROWTH AND GROWTH REGULATORS IN PLANTS

(05MARKS)(05MARKS)

B.4 WATER RELATIONSOF PLANTS (10 marks)(10 marks)

IMBIBITION,DIFFUSION,OSMOSIS ABSORPTION OF WATER ABSORPTION OF WATER LATERAL CONDUCTION OF

WATER ASCENT OF SAP LOSS OF WATER-

TRANSPIRATIONGUTTATION

TRANSLOCATION OFORGANIC SOLUTES

B 4 WATER RELATIONSB.4 WATER RELATIONSOF PLANTS (10 marks)

1 mark questions1 mark questions2 marks questions5 marks questions5 marks questions

1 MARK QUESTIONS

Q Define ImbibitionQ. Define Imbibition. Ans:

Ad ti f t bAdsorption of water by hydrophilic substances like cellulose, gum etc.,

Q. Define wall pressure

Ans:Ans: Pressure exerted by th ll ll ththe cell wall on the protoplasm against p p gturgor pressure

A plant cellA plant cell

Q. Name the phenomenon of shrinking of protoplast when the Rheo leaf is placed in sodium chloride solutionsolution.

Ans: ExosmosisAns: Exosmosis

Q. What is vein loading?

Ans:Vein loading is transferVein loading is transferof food from mesophyllcells to sieve tube cellscells to sieve tube cellsthrough parenchyma cells against concentration gradient.

What is the significance Q. of CoCl2 experiment?

Ans: It reveals unequalIt reveals unequal transpiration in a dorsiventral leafdorsiventral leaf.

Q. Define guttation.Ans:Ans:

Guttation is the loss ofwater in the form ofwater in the form of droplets through leaf ti / i di itip / vein endings in herbaceous plants during warm humid nights.g

• L S of leafS o ea

Q Level of mercury rises inQ. Level of mercury rises inthe capillary tube of simple

t t Wh ?potometer. Why?

Ans:Ans: Transpiration pullTranspiration pull

Give reasons (One mark each):(One mark each):

Q. It is difficult to open and Q pclose wooden shutters during rainy seasonduring rainy season.

Ans: Imbibition

Q. Turgidity or flaccidityf d ll ffof guard cells affect

the rate of transpiration. Ans:

Guard cells enclose Guard cells enclose stomata. Decrease inthe osmotic concentration the osmotic concentration brings about transpiration

Q. Potato osmoscope is a physiological set up.a physiological set up.

Ans:Ans: It involves living cells

Q F h h i kQ. Fresh grapes shrinkin salt solution.in salt solution.

Ans:Ans: Exosmosis

Q. Excessive use of chemical fertilizers results in wilting ofresults in wilting of plants.

Ans: Exosmosis

Q. As the wind blows, rate of ascent of sap increases

Ans: Wind carries away the moisture and increasesmoisture and increases the rate of transpiration

Q. When osmotic concentration increases in guard cells, the stomata opensstomata opens

Ans: Increased osmotic concentration expands the pguard cells.

Q. Girdling experiment cannot be performed in sugar caneplantsplants.

AAns: Phloem does not occur ina ring.

Q. In cobalt chloride paperexperiment, the lower stripof paper turns pink faster p p pthan the upper strip. Why?

Ans: Unequal transpirationUnequal transpiration

2 marks each:Q M ti tQ. Mention any two

significances of gdiffusion in plants

Ans:Ans:1. Exchange of gases2. Absorption and

conduction of mineralsconduction of minerals

Q. Write any four ysignificance of osmosis.

1. Turgidity of cells2 Absorption of water2. Absorption of water3. Cell to cell conduction of

twater4. Regulation of stomata

Q. Write any four differences between transpiration and guttationtranspiration and guttation. 

Transpiration Guttation1. Day time 1. Warm humid     

nights

2. Vapour

3 P

g

2. Droplets

3 Dissolved minerals3. Pure

4. More water

3. Dissolved minerals

4. Less water

Q. What are antitranspirants? Name any two antitranspirants.

Ans: Substances which reduceor stop transpiration are called antitranspirants.Physical- liquid wax.Physiological- Abscissic acid

Q. Mention four factors affecting transpiration.

Ans: 1. Wind1. Wind2. Temperature3 Soil water3. Soil water4. Humidity

(5 mark questions)(5 mark questions)Q. TCT theory

Q. List and explain thediff t t l f tdifferent external factorsaffecting the rate ofaffecting the rate oftranspiration.

Q. Describe Steward’s St h h d l i thStarch hydrolysis theory of stomatal movementof stomatal movement.

Q. Proton ion concept Q. Proton ion concept

Q. Explain Munch’s mass Q. Explain Munch s mass flow hypothesis.

Practicals:Practicals:Q. Simple potometer

Q U l t i tiQ. Unequal transpiration

B5 BIOENERGETICSB5 BIOENERGETICS(12 MARKS)( )

TOPICS:

ATPPHOTOSYNTHESISPHOTOSYNTHESIS

RESPIRATION

1 mark questions2 marks questionsq5 marks questionsq

Q Name the energyQ. Name the energycurrency of the cell.

Ans:Ans: ATP (Adenosine Tri Phosphate)

Q. What is the significance of h t h ? chromatography?

Ans:It reveals that leaf contains It reveals that leaf contains various pigments like Chlorophyll-a chlorophyll-b Chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, xathophyll and carotenes.

Q. Name the first stable i t di t d intermediate compound formed in Calvin’s cycle(C3 pathway)

Ans:Phospho Glyceric Acid Phospho Glyceric Acid (PGA) (3C)

Q. State Blackman’s law of limiting factors.limiting factors.

Ans: Ans: When a reaction is conditioned

t it idit b b as to its rapidity by a number of separate factors, the rate of the reaction is decided by the pace of slowest factor.p

Q. What is solarization ? Q

Ans: Ans: Breakdown of photosynthetic pigments photosynthetic pigments under the influence of high

l hintensity sunlight.

Q. Name the phase that isQ. Name the phase that iscommon for both aerobicand anaerobic respirationand anaerobic respiration.

A Ans: Glycolysis / EMP pathway

Q I hi h ll llQ. In which cell organelle,Kreb’s cycle occurs?y

Ans: Ans: Mitochondria

Q. Where does terminal id ti t k l i oxidation take place in

mitochondria?

Ans: Ans: Racker’s particles / elementary particles

Q. Define respiratory quotient. p y q

Ans: Ans: The ratio of carbon dioxidereleased to the oxygenreleased to the oxygenconsumed during

i tirespiration.

Q. In germinating gram seedsthat respire aerobically, p y,value of RQ is less than one.Why? Why?

Ans: Ans: The amount of carbon dioxidereleased is equal to the oxygen consumed.yg

Q. What is Pasteur effect?

Ans: The ability of yeast cells toswitch over from anaerobic switch over from anaerobic to aerobic respiration depending on the availabilitydepending on the availabilityof oxygen.

Q The addition of lime water Q. The addition of lime water to water in an experimental

t ith ti l t setup with aquatic plants decreases the amount of oxygen released. Why?

Ans: Lime water combines with Lime water combines with carbon dioxide and affects photosynthesis photosynthesis.

Q. Name the gas liberated in Ganong’s respiroscopeGanong s respiroscope.

A Ans: Carbon dioxide

Gi Give reasons (One mark each):

Q. Some bacteria exhibit Q. Some bacteria exhibit photosynthesis but they do not produce oxygennot produce oxygen.

Ans: Ans: They use H 2 S instead of H 2O

Q. Carotenoid and xanthophyllQ. Carotenoid and xanthophyllare called accessory photosynthetic pigments photosynthetic pigments

A Ans: They can only trap sunlight but cannot convert it to ATP.

Q. For NCPP, photolysis of water , p yis must

Ans: Hydrogen released during Hydrogen released during photolysis of water is used t f NADPH to form NADPH 2

Q. Plants are lungs of nature

Ans: They release oxygen

Q CAM plants close theirQ. CAM plants close theirstomata during daytime.

Ans: They fix carbon dioxidein the previous night.in the previous night.

Q. Very high temperature d th t f decreases the rate of photosynthesis.

Ans: High temperature influence closure of influence closure of stomata.

Q. RQ value of glucose is one.Q. RQ value of glucose is one.

Ans: Ans: The amount of carbon dioxide released is equal dioxide released is equal to the amount of oxygen consumed.

(2 marks each)(2 marks each)

Q Draw a labelled sketch of T S Q. Draw a labelled sketch of T S of chloroplast.

Q Write the schematic Q. Write the schematic representation of CPP.

(5 MARKS QUESTIONS)

Q Write the schematic Q. Write the schematic representation of C3 pathway.

Q. External factors of photosynthesis photosynthesis

Ans:SunlightSunlightTemperatureC b di id Carbon dioxide Water

Q Write the schematic Q. Write the schematic representation of EMP

hpathway.

Q. Write the schematic representation of Kreb’srepresentation of Kreb scycle (Citric acid cycle)with preparatory phase with preparatory phase

Q. Factors affecting respiration

• Temperature:• CO2 concentration:CO2 concentration:• Light:Blue light is known to reduce respiration by influencing p y gcyto b and cyto a / a3complex.complex.

Moisture:Moisture:

Respiration is minimumin dry seeds where moisture in dry seeds where moisture content is 12- 18%.

Mechanical stimulation and i j injury: Injury or infection increases the rate of respiration.

Inorganic salts:Absorption of inorganic salts Absorption of inorganic salts requires energy.

Respiratory substrate:

Age:Respiration is high at the Respiration is high at the time of seed germination.

Inhibitors:Inhibitors:

C id CO id t Cyanides, CO, azides etc., inhibits respiration.p

Hormones:Hormones:

Oxygen:yg

The availability of Oxygen isThe availability of Oxygen isdirectly proportional to therate of aerobic respirationrate of aerobic respiration.

St t f llState of cell:

Practicals:Practicals:

Q E l i G ’ iQ. Explain Ganong’s respiroscopeexperiment with a neat labelleddidiagram.

Q. With a labelled diagram, d ib th i t t describe the experiment to demonstrate the evolution of oxygen during photosynthesis in the presence of sunlight. p g

Q K h ’ f fl k Q. Kuhne’s fermentation flask experiment

B6 GROWTH AND GROWTH

REGULATORS IN PLANTS

(05 marks)(05 marks)1 mark questions2 marks questions2 marks questions

Q. Expand IBA

Ans: I d l B t i A idIndole Butyric Acid

Q Which is the commonlyQ. Which is the commonlyused selective weed killer?

Ans: 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid)acetic acid)

Q. Name the hormone responsible for bolting in biennial plants.

Ans: GA3. (Gibberellic acid)

Q. What is Richmond-Lang Q. What is Richmond Lang effect?

Ans: Ans: Plants remain fresh and green f l ti d th for a long time under the influence of cytokinins. This iscalled Richmond-Lang effect.

Q. Expand ABA

Ans: Abscissic acid

Q. Name the synthetic ethylene-Q. Name the synthetic ethylenereleasing compound used as a fruit ripenerfruit ripener .

A Ans: Ethylene

Q Fruit flies swarm around ripe Q. Fruit flies swarm around ripe banana. Why?

Ans: Ethylene

Give reasons Give reasons (One mark each):

Q. Removal of apical budsi l t kin some plants makesthem grow bushy.

Ans: Ans: It overcomes apical dominance dominance

Q F it f l t Q. Fruits of some plants are naturally seedless

Ans: Excessive production of auxinsauxins

Q. Cytokinins are very essential for tissue essential for tissue culture

Ans: They influence morphogenesis / p gdifferentiation

Q. ABA is known as dormin

Ans:It i d dIt induces dormancy

(2 marks each)

Q. Define growth. Mention the phases of growth curve

Q. Write any two applications of Q. Write any two applications of synthetic auxins

Q Write any four physiologicalQ. Write any four physiologicalroles of gibberellins

Q Write any four physiologicalQ. Write any four physiologicalrole of cytokinin in plants

Q Mention two physiological Q. Mention two physiological functions of abscissic acid

Q. Give an example for gaseousphytohormone. Mention any two of its effects on plantstwo of its effects on plants