todd a. watkins, associate professor of economics &
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Implementation, Evaluation & Lessons Learned from (Very) Cross-Disciplinary
Technology Entrepreneurship Programs
Todd A. Watkins, Associate Professor of Economics &
Director, Kalmbach Institute for the Study of Regional Political Economy
John B. Ochs, Professor of Mechanical Engineering & Mechanics &
Director, Integrated Product Development Program
Lehigh’s Cross-Disciplinary Programs Related to Technology Entrepreneurship
• Integrated Product Development (started 1994)– non-degree overlay program
• Integrated Business & Engineering (2000)– BS honors program, satisfies AACSB accreditation
• Masters of Business Administration & Engineering (2000)– joint degree, 45 hrs
• Integrated Design Arts (2002)– BA and 2 minors
• Computer Science & Business (2002) – joint BS, accredited for AACSB and ABET/CSAB
• Bioengineering (2002)• Technology Entrepreneurship minor (for 2004, in progress)
Vision• A not-so-quiet revolution in education• Truly interdisciplinary in students & faculty
– business, design arts, engineering, sciences• Pre-college through graduate• Collaboration with industry throughout
– planning– projects– sponsorship
• Aims to create a campus-wide environment for fostering student & faculty technology entrepreneurs
Outline• Lehigh University context• Programs’ overview
• Educational tenets & goals• Implementation histories• Example curricula & example projects
• Assessment tools• Lessons learned
Open to questions at any time
Lehigh in Brief• Carnegie Research II Doctoral
Institution• Founded 1865, Private, East
Coast• ~$700M endowment• ~4700 UG, ~2000 Grad• ~420 FT, 150 PT faculty• 77 undergraduate programs• 4 Colleges
– Arts & Sciences (~ 45% of u.g)– Engineering (~ 30%)– Business & Economics (~ 25%)– Education (grad only)
• SAT inter-quartile: 1210-1370• Top 40 US News National Univ.
Culture of Cross-College Collaboration College Program
Business & Economics Engineering
Arts & Sciences Education
Analytical Finance X X XBio-Business X XBioelectronics/ Biophotonics X XBiopharmaceutical Engineering X XCognitive Science X XCommunity Studies X XComputer Science & Business X XEducation X XEducational Technology X XEnvironmental Engineering X XEnvironmental Initiative X X XIntegrated Business & Engineering X XIntegrated Design Arts X XIntegrated Product Development X X X XMBA & Educational Leadership X XMBA & Engineering X XNanotechnologies X XPhotonics X XPolymer Science & Engineering X XProject Management X XScience, Technology & Society X XTechnology Entrepreneurship X X X
Culture of Inquiry-Based Learning• Multidisciplinary fields of study join to address ... • Real-world issues and problems• Hands-on experience • Team-based decision-making and problem-solving• Partnership or working relationship or with
private or public organization off campus• Communication (written and oral) across
disciplines• Deliverable product• State-of-the-art tools and facilities used by
students with evolving methods and technologies
InquiryBased
Learning
Departmental
Lehigh Earth Observatory
Integrated Product Development
Lehigh CORPS
Design of AthleticFacilities
MartindaleScholars
Hughes Program
Environmental Field Studies
Business Information Systems Practicum
Marketing Practcum
Opportunities for Student Innovation
CESAR
Sociology & Social Psych.
Research Laboratory
Capstone CE & IE Design Projects
Thompson International Portfolio
Portfolio Management Practicum
Senior Thesis & Honors Thesis Research
Democracy
Workshop
Eckhart CollegeScholar Projects
Visions of God
Management Assistance Counseling
Eye Level
Lehigh ReviewCollege wide
Multi-college
Hewlett Program
Computer BasedTraining Design
Materials Research Option & Industrial
Projects
NSF Research Experiences for Undergraduates
BATI Research Seminar
Problem Seminars
Ed Tech Core Projects
Mainstage Directing & Design
Music Composition & Directing
Urban Sprawl
RadioPublic
History
Real Estate Practicum
Production & Marketing of
Sound Recordings
Brown & White
Dionysos Project
Educational Tenets• Students who progress most rapidly through
their chosen careers are:– professionally competent– experienced in real world problem solving– multi-functional– team-oriented– self-directed
• Active, collaborative, project-based learning is superior for developing higher-order skills
IPD Program History• Phase 0: Planning w/ industry meeting, 1991• Phase I: Pilot implementation, Jan 1994
– IPD capstone project course is national winner for curriculum innovation in 1996 competition
– University commits to fundraising for scale up• Phase II: Scale up, Jan 1998 - Dec 2003
– new campus center for technical entrepreneurship
– new majors: Integrated Business & Engineering, Design Arts, MBA & Engr., Comp Sci. & Business
– “normalize” budgets
IPD Program Structure PRE-COLLEGEPRE-COLLEGE
OUTREACHOUTREACH
FRESHMEN PROJECTSFRESHMEN PROJECTS
ENGINEERINGENGINEERINGSEQUENCESSEQUENCES
BUSINESSBUSINESSSEQUENCESSEQUENCES
DESIGN DESIGN ARTSARTS
SEQUENCESSEQUENCES
CAPSTONE PROJECTSCAPSTONE PROJECTS
GRADUATEGRADUATEPROGRAMSPROGRAMS
Multi-level Approach• Pre College
– PA Governor’s School for Global Entrepreneurship– H.S. Career Awareness Programs
– in business & design (PWC, Alcoa)– 3 summers of pilot one week courses (Dept of Ed)
– K-12 IPD game under development (working on proposals to develop & implement)
• Freshmen Projects– Integrated Business & Engineering Freshman Workshop,
create a new product & start up company– Freshmen Engineering Projects course (Dept of Ed)
• Capstone Projects – Open to all majors (Dept of Ed & Dept of Labor)– Projects from student entrepreneurs, regional
entrepreneurs, small businesses & Fortune 500+ companies
• Graduate– Internationally dispersed development team
(NASA/CAPE sponsored pilot)– High technology projects – MBA capstone: IPD project management– IPD MS track degree program
Multi-level Approach (continued)
Entrepreneurial Project Characteristics
• Interdisciplinary student teams • Work directly with mentors/sponsors• Business & design feasibility studies• Prototype development• Focus on
– team building & leadership– oral, written & visual communication– global commercialization– global manufacturing
4-Step Product Development Process
OpportunityScanning
Conceptual Design & Business Planning
Product Development
Manufacturing
Development
Market Development
Manufacturing Ramp-up
Market Introductio
n
Project and Process Management
Documentation and Data Management
12
4
3
3
4
IPD Tasks & Deliverables• Customer needs• Competitive
benchmarks• Target markets• Marketing
strategies• Target pricing• Target
specifications & constraints
• Concept generation/ selection
• Cost & cash flow analysis
• Design process methodologies
• Design for manufacturing
• Prototypes & testing• Production planning
Oral & poster briefings & written reports
IPD Experiences for Students
• Teaming with business, engineering & art majors
• Single team for the entire project (2-4 semesters)
• Evaluation based on individual and team performance
• Industry evaluation
Product Development Methodology• Encourage Student Entrepreneurs through
“Student Invitation to Innovate”• Team with local startup companies• Industry sponsors for product improvement• “Deep Dive” creativity & analysis process• Truly multi-disciplinary teams• Bus. & Engr. analytic tools, simulation,
prototyping• Faculty as “guides on the side”• Extensive support infrastructure – labs and staff
Example IPD Partners• Lucent• Armstrong• B. Braun Medical• Lockheed Martin• Black & Decker• Just Born• CDG• Johnson & Johnson• Alcoa• Bustin Industries• Milton Roy
• Follett• General Motors• Solar Technology• Knoll Group• Demco Automation• Akrion• Lutron Electronics• Mathew Hoey Design• Neo Products• Penn Engineering• FlexLink Systems
Neo Products’ J-2 Spitfire Violin
Example IPD Product
CDG Chlorine Dioxide Generator, 2003
Electron Microscope Corrosion Mechanism
Analysis
Example IBE Project
Plus/minus Error Factor Table & Graph80 Percent -5.0 -0.15 0.4 72 80
50 15 40 72 80
Development costs
Unit Production Costs Price
Qty Sold
Qty Produced
All Numbers in Thousands
Project NPV by Volume & Price
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
Price ($thousands)
Pro
jec
t N
PV
20
60
100
140
180
QuantitySold
Example Financial Simulation IPD, Hellaset Volleyball, 2002
Excel Model & “What-If” Simulation
Flow Visualization Simulation
Example IPD Analysis
Rapid Prototyping
Example IPD Capability
IPD Capstone Project Statistics• >150 Industry Sponsors• >1000 students in over 175 project teams• 2003 Capstone
– 34 teams, 203 students, 20 Majors– 18 faculty advisors
• Projects from a) companies, b) local entrepreneurs, c) student entrepreneurs
• Contacts made through Lehigh’s Career Services, Corporate Relations, Alumni, SBDC & Ben Franklin Center
• 7 CONSECTUTIVE YEARS of NATIONAL WINNERS for student technology entrepreneurship: NCIIA grants $8K-$20K
Seek, from F.L.I. Technologies, 2002Featured at Smithsonian Collegiate Innovators Expo
CAD Model
Working PrototypeStereolithograpy
Example IPD Student Entrepreneurial Start-Up
National Winner$14,220
Cyclopsfrom
Obsidian Suspension
Systems
Featured at Smithsonian
Collegiate Innovators Expo
National Winner$20,000
Example IPD Student Entrepreneurial Start-Up
Nilson Calcium Reactorfor Reef
Aquariums
>50 sold already @ $350/ea.
Example IPD Student Entrepreneurial Start-Up
National Winner$8,350
IPD Program Structure PRE-COLLEGEPRE-COLLEGE
OUTREACHOUTREACH
FRESHMEN PROJECTSFRESHMEN PROJECTS
ENGINEERINGENGINEERINGSEQUENCESSEQUENCES
BUSINESSBUSINESSSEQUENCESSEQUENCES
DESIGN DESIGN ARTSARTS
SEQUENCESSEQUENCES
CAPSTONE PROJECTSCAPSTONE PROJECTS
GRADUATEGRADUATEPROGRAMSPROGRAMS
Example PosterFreshman Workshop, 2003
Example Oral Briefing Slide Freshman Workshop, 2001
Manufacturer Dremel Black & Decker Black & Decker DremelType Rotary Tool - MultiPro Rotary Tool - Wizard Rotary Tool - RTX Rotary Tool - MultiPro
Model 7700 VP940K RTX-1 275Size
Speed 2 Speed 2 Speed Variable 1 SpeedMotor 7.2V 3.6V 2.0 Amp 1.2 Amp
OPM/RPM 12,000 - 15000 13,000 - 18,000 8,000 - 30,000 15,000
Power7.2V Battery w/ 3 hr Charger
3.6V VersaPak w/ 6 hr Charger
Corded Corded
Accessories 50 63 55 assorted 5 assorted
Special Features
MultiPro Tool KitSmall, maneuverable unit
Variety of Accessories and Flexible Shaft
Base-line Dremel Model
Price $39.97 $47.67 $59.88 $34.97Weight 3.36 lbs 1.2 lbs 1.3 lbs 1.81 lbs
COMPETITIVE BENCHMARK DATA
Example Reverse Engineering Sketch,
Freshman Workshop, 2001
New Design Painting’s No-Dip Paintstickfrom 2002 Freshman Workshop
Example CAD ModelsFreshman Workshop, 2002
National National WinnerWinner$13,600$13,600
Example Bill of Materials Freshman Workshop, 2002
Bill of Materials
Part of Product Component Quantity Material Size Source High Cost
Low Cost
Apparatus Plastic tube, 4' 1 Clear polyurethane 4' long, inner radius 3"., thickness
0.25" TEEL Plastics $2.40 $2.40
Plastic tubing, 8" 1 Clear polyurethane 8" long, inner radius 3", thickness
0.25" TEEL Plastics $0.50 $0.50
Plastic couplings 2 W hite, ABS Plastic 4" long, inner radius 3.3",
thickness 0.3" TEEL Plastics $3.00 $1.75
Knobs with metal screws 8 - 1/2" screws ACE Hardware $0.05 $0.02
Ball Feeder Plastic hopper 4 ABS plastic Cutoff square pyramid, base 12",
height 14", 1/8" thick TEEL Plastics $0.15 $0.10
Support legs 2 6061 Aluminum 2.5' long, 1" diameter Bethlehem Steel $0.20 $0.10
Support tray with legs 1 AISI 1020 Steel - Bethlehem Steel $0.50 $0.40
Knobs with metal screws 4 - 1/2" screws ACE Hardware $0.04 $0.02
Firing mechanism Metal step cap 1 6061 Aluminum Circle, diam 3.5" Bethlehem Steel $0.20 $0.10
Foot pedal casing 1 ABS plastic - TEEL Plastics $0.04 $0.02
Solenoid encased in cable 1 - 42' long - $5.00 $1.00
Spring 1 - 2" long ACE Hardware $0.02 $0.01
Firing lever 1 AISI 1020 Steel 2" long Bethlehem Steel $0.03 $0.02
Cost of Materials $12.08 $6.41
Overhead/Manufacturing Costs/Labor
@ 45% of materials $5.44 $2.88
Total Cost $17.52 $9.29
IPD Program Structure PRE-COLLEGEPRE-COLLEGE
OUTREACHOUTREACH
FRESHMEN PROJECTSFRESHMEN PROJECTS
ENGINEERINGENGINEERINGSEQUENCESSEQUENCES
BUSINESSBUSINESSSEQUENCESSEQUENCES
DESIGN DESIGN ARTSARTS
SEQUENCESSEQUENCES
CAPSTONE PROJECTSCAPSTONE PROJECTS
GRADUATEGRADUATEPROGRAMSPROGRAMS
Sustainable Organization• Faculty and administration leadership• Permanent support staff (5)• Professors of Practice (5)• Graduate student TAs (3)• Supplies and labs operation budget
CAD Lab Student shopWilbur Graphics Lab Wilbur prototype labMeeting Rooms Project Labs
Special Thanks for Funding • Department of Education Grant I - $370K (1999-2002) • Department of Education Grant II - $350K (2001-3)• Department of Labor - $556K (2001-3)• NASA-CAPE - $67K (1999-2001)• Kauffman Foundation - $50K (2003-4)• National Science Foundation – $1.38M (2003-6)• Lemelson Foundation/NCIIA - ~$120K (1997-2003)• State of PA Opportunity Grant - $1M (2003-5)• Lehigh administration for sustainable funding
– Lehigh’s 2020 Program - $200 to 400K per year (2001-4)– Lehigh University Administration - $500K per year continuous funding (2004
start)
• Lehigh’s alumni -$5.2M for Wilbur Powerhouse Student Entrepreneurial Projects Center
Wilbur Powerhouse Renovations
Powerhouse Renovations
IPD Success & Infrastructure Enabled IBE B.S. Honors Program to Progress Quickly
Spring’99 -- President, LU Global Council, TrusteesJuly 15 -- Two deans blessed the concept Late Aug -- Cross-college faculty task forceSept -- Shell program devised; Bus. & Engr. core
-- Meetings: TF leaders, dept. chairs, college academic policy committees
Oct -- 2 college faculties’ approvalNov -- LU educational policy committeeDec 6 ‘99 -- LU faculty approvalFall ’00 -- First students admitted
Bus or Engr Major18 cr
Business Core33 cr
Engineering Core20 cr
Math/Sci.33 cr
IBE Integrative 12 cr
S.S./Hum.21 cr
IBE 137 Hour Credit Distribution
Class of 2004Number:
35
Ave SAT: 1400
SAT Range: 1340-1455
Engineering: 27
Business: 8
Female: 12
Male: 23
Yield: 40%
Class of 2005Number: 48
Ave SAT: 1404
SAT Range: 1360-1445
Engineering: 39
Business: 9
Female: 10
Male: 38
Yield: 41%
IBE Program Data
CSB Joint Degree Even Faster ProcessJuly ’01 -- Two deans initiated the programAugust -- Cross-college task force September -- Dual CS-Bus core developed
-- Meetings: TF members, depts, college academic policy committees
October -- College faculties approvedNovember -- LU academic policy committee approvedDecember -- University Faculty approvedFebruary ‘02 -- Board of Trustees approvedFall ‘02 -- First students admitted
IT & Business RelatedUG Majors
CmpE
CSCSB
I&SE
BIS
IBE CT
IBE IE
Mat
hem
atic
al –
Sof
twar
e –
Har
dwar
e
Technology Business
IBE EEEE
AASCB Accreditation
ABET/CSABAccreditation
IBE BIS
135 Hour CSB Credit Distribution
Humanities & Social Science
30 Cr
CSB Elective Tracks12 Cr
Computer Science Core29 Cr
Business Core31 Cr
Math/Sci.26 Cr
CSB Integrative Courses7 Cr
Other34%
CSE33%
CBE33%
AccreditableCS Degree
AccreditableBusiness Degree
Assessment Mechanisms (Handouts)• Vision/Goals/Components/Evaluation Diagrams• Assessment of Student Performance
– self assessment; weekly contributions; tack board review sessions; quarterly written reports; poster sessions; personal notebooks; quarterly peer evaluations
• Annual Program Assessment– student assessment of courses, faculty & staff– faculty, staff, industry sponsor assess programs– program rubrics matrix– external evaluators
Lessons Learned• Planning & aggressive timelines • Clarity of connection between vision, goals & program
components • Define success by focus on student outcomes• Develop alternative approaches
– pilot & change them; avoid N.I.H syndrome• Leadership & vision need from both bottom and top.
– Both need creativity & flexibility– University management needs to be constantly engaged by bottom
(IPD grew through 3 Presidents, 4 Provosts, 11 Deans)– Top need to support but let bottom own decision making
• Industrial advisory committees• Continuous improvement attitude & internal & external evaluation• External funding is key; but need admin. & faculty sales folks• Just do it!
Next Steps • Expand our collaborations
– CAPE proposal for state-wide K-16 student entrepreneurs network– N2TEC & Cornell’s ICE programs– LU Entrepreneurial Alumni Network (Kauffman Foundation)– Entrepreneurship & Commercialization Office/Center (State of PA)
• Expand our graduate programs– MBA&Engr and Ventures series– Support new product development in LU’s research thrust areas
• Continue growth of on-campus programs– Design Arts - Industrial Design & Graphic Design (ramp up)– Bioengineering (capstone projects start 2004)– Computer Science & Business (capstone projects start 2004)– Technology Entrepreneurship minor (target start 2004)
University ResearchPartners (URP)
• New Research Initiatives• Existing Research Activities• Faculty Research
Review Board – Representing:Faculty (Eng,Bus.A&S)Research Center DirectorsEconomic Dvlp. Partners
Proposed Lehigh University Entrepreneurship & Commercialization Office
College Deans
Office of ResearchSBDCBen Franklin\MRC
• Ben Franklin• Govmt. Agencies
Economic. Development Partners
Entrepreneurship and CommercializationOffice/Center
• Coordinate and support internal and external campus wide activities including entrepreneurial network of alumni• Administer University intellectual property policy • Matchmaker and hand holder between individuals and organizations• University Portal to entrepreneurial and commercialization activities
Industry Integrated Learning Experience Programs
University • Office of Research• Legal• Provost• Career Services• Students• Faculty• Alumni
• 40 plus and counting
• Commercial• Financial• Research
Coordinate&
Support
Coordinate&
Support
• MRC• SBDC
Alumni RelationsIndustry PartnersCorporate and Government Relations
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