to be effective an extinguisher: must be readily accessible in working order suitable for the hazard...

To be effective an extinguisher:

To be effective an extinguisher:

Must be readily accessible

In working order

Suitable for the hazard

Large enough to control the size fire

Must be readily accessible

In working order

Suitable for the hazard

Large enough to control the size fire

RemoveOxygenHeatFuel

RemoveOxygenHeatFuel

EXINGUISHING PRINCIPLESEXINGUISHING PRINCIPLES

Chemical InhibitionChemical Inhibition

WATER FIREEXTINGUISHERS

Extinguisher Characteristics:

Size: 2.5 gallons

Discharge distance: 30-40 feet

Duration: 30-60 seconds

Method of expelling agent: pump or pressure

WATER FIREEXTINGUISHERS

Agent Characteristics:Freezing temperature: 32oFHigh surface tensionNeeds expellant force

Extinguishment principle: remove heat/cooling

Class A fires only

WATER FIREEXTINGUISHERS

Advantages

LimitationsConducts electricityFreezesHigh surface tensionReacts with certain chemicals

Absorbs large amounts of heat

Can be used with specialized agents

Dry Chemical ExtinguishersDry Chemical Extinguishers

Extinguisher Characteristics:

Size: 2.5 to 350 pounds

Discharge distance: 5-20 feet

Duration: 8-25 seconds

Method of expelling agent: cartridge/stored pressure

Sodium bicarbonate: ordinary

Potassium bicarbonate: Purple K

Potassium chloride: Super K

Monammonium phosphate: multipurpose, Tri-class

Sodium bicarbonate: ordinary

Potassium bicarbonate: Purple K

Potassium chloride: Super K

Monammonium phosphate: multipurpose, Tri-class

Agents:Agents:

Dry Chemical ExtinguishersDry Chemical Extinguishers

Dry Chemical ExtinguishersDry Chemical Extinguishers

Extinguishment principle:Extinguishment principle:

Uses:Uses:

Breaking chain reaction

Tri-class: smothering

Breaking chain reaction

Tri-class: smothering

Class A: Tri-class Class B & C: all types

Class A: Tri-class Class B & C: all types

Dry Chemical ExtinguishersDry Chemical ExtinguishersAdvantagesAdvantages

LimitationsLimitationsBreathing difficultiesInsulating qualitiesCorrosive propertiesNot flash back resistiveChemicals not interchangeableSome not compatible with foam

Breathing difficultiesInsulating qualitiesCorrosive propertiesNot flash back resistiveChemicals not interchangeableSome not compatible with foam

NontoxicNonconductiveQuick flame knockdown

NontoxicNonconductiveQuick flame knockdown

Carbon Dioxide ExtinguishersCarbon Dioxide Extinguishers

Extinguisher Characteristics:

Size: 2.5 to 100 pounds

Discharge distance: 3-8 feet

Duration: 8-30 seconds

Method of expelling agent: stored pressure

Carbon Dioxide ExtinguishersCarbon Dioxide Extinguishers

Agent Characteristics:

Extinguishment principle: smothering

Class B and C fires, limited effect on Class A

Normally a gas

1.5 times heavier than air

Low temperature

Can be stored as liquid

Carbon Dioxide ExtinguishersCarbon Dioxide Extinguishers

Advantages

Limitations

Visibility

Noise

Short range

Dissipates rapidly

Displaces oxygen

Nonconductive

Non-reactive

No residue

Halon: production was stopped in 1994

Halogenated Hydrocarbons

Halon replacement agents – “clean agents”

FM-110 FM-200

Inergen Haltron

May require up to 20 times as much as halon to provide an equal extinguishing capacity

Halogenated Hydrocarbons

Extinguisher Characteristics:

Size: 2.5 to 100 pounds

Discharge distance: 3-8 feet

Duration: 8-30 seconds

Method of expelling agent: stored pressure

Halogenated Hydrocarbons

Extinguishment principle: a chemical process that inhibits combustion

Class B and C fires: used in areas with sensitive electronic equipment

Halogenated Hydrocarbons

Advantages

High-expansion ratio

Needs no expellant

Nonconductive

Non-corrosive

No residue

Halon can be toxic and creates other toxic gases under fire conditions

Halon can be toxic and creates other toxic gases under fire conditions

FOAM EXTINGUISHERS

Extinguisher Characteristics:

Size: 2.5 gallons

Discharge distance: 20-25 feet

Duration: 50 seconds

Method of expelling agent: stored pressure

FOAM EXTINGUISHERSAgent Characteristics: Gas-filled bubbles Floats on flammable liquids Can be proportioned at

various concentrations

Extinguishment principle: smothering, some cooling

Class A and B fires

FOAM EXTINGUISHERS

Advantages

Limitations Not compatible with

some other agents Freezes Discharge distance Conducts electricity

Nontoxic Flow capabilities

Dry Powder Extinguishers

Extinguisher Characteristics:

Size: 30 to 350 pounds

Discharge distance: 4 - 6 feet

Duration: 20-30 seconds

Method of expelling agent: cartridge/stored pressure, shovel

Dry Powder Extinguishers

Designed for Class D fires

Agent Characteristics: Fine powder

Needs expellant force

No single agent is effective on all types of combustible metals

Dry Powder Extinguishers

No single agent is effective on all combustible metals

Limitations

Can become packed

Cannot interchange chemicals

Expensive

NA-X: for sodium and potassium MET-L-X: for sodium, potassium

and magnesium LITH-X: for sodium, lithium,

zirconium, and magnesium

Contains an agent in a cylinder with an expellant gas

Discharge handle and a gauge

Types of Extinguishers

Stored Pressure

Types of Extinguishers

Water FoamDry chemical HalonClean agents Dry powder

CO2

Stored Pressure

Cartridge Operated

Contain the explant gas in a separate cartridge from the agent

Does not have a pressure gauge

Types of Extinguishers

EXTINGUISHER OPERATIONEXTINGUISHER OPERATION

Pull pin

Aim nozzle

Squeeze handle

Sweep nozzle

Pull pin

Aim nozzle

Squeeze handle

Sweep nozzle

Check extinguisher before approaching

EXTINGUISHER SAFETYEXTINGUISHER SAFETY

Approach upwind

Don’t enter burn area

Don’t turn back on fire