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Thursday 17 January 2013 – AfternoonGCSE GATEWAY SCIENCESCIENCE B
B622/02 Unit 2 Modules B2 C2 P2 (Higher Tier)
H
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
• Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes above. Please write clearly and in capital letters.
• Use black ink. HB pencil may be used for graphs and diagrams only.• Answer all the questions.• Read each question carefully. Make sure you know what you have to do before starting
your answer.• Write your answer to each question in the space provided. Additional paper may be
used if necessary but you must clearly show your candidate number, centre number and question number(s).
• Do not write in the bar codes.
INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES
• The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
• A list of physics equations is printed on page two.• The Periodic Table is printed on the back page.• The total number of marks for this paper is 60.• This document consists of 28 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.
* B 6 2 2 0 2 *
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© OCR 2013 [K/103/4251]DC (NF/SW) 59319/5
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.A calculator may be used for this paper.
OCR supplied materials:None
Other materials required:• Pencil• Ruler (cm/mm)
THIS IS A LEGACY SPECIFICATION
*B620740113*
Duration: 1 hour
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© OCR 2013
EQUATIONS
efficiency = useful energy outputtotal energy input
energy = mass × specific heat capacity × temperature change
energy = mass × specific latent heat
fuel energy input = waste energy output + electrical energy output
power = voltage × current
energy supplied = power × time
energy (kilowatt hours) = power (kW) × time (h)
wave speed = frequency × wavelength
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BLANK PAGE
Question 1 begins on page 4
PLEASE DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE
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Answer all the questions.
SECTION A – Module B2
1 Craig investigates a pond water habitat.
He collects a sample of water and looks at the animals in it.
He then uses a key to identify the animals.
yes no
water mite cyclops
Does it have tentacles?
Is it an active swimmer?
yes
hydra
no
yes no
springtail
yes
daphnia
Does it have a leaf-shaped bodywith branching antennae?
Does it look likea tiny spider?
no
(a) How are the daphnia and the cyclops similar and how are they different?
Use the information in the key.
similar .......................................................................................................................................
different ..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) The animals in the key are invertebrates.
What does invertebrate mean?
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
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(c) Craig finds out about plants in the pond.
(i) The plants photosynthesise faster in the summer than in the winter.
Explain why.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Finish the balanced symbol equation for photosynthesis.
light6...................................... + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6.............................
chlorophyll [1]
[Total: 5]
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2 Look at the picture of an orca.
(a) Most mammals live on land.
Orcas are mammals that are adapted to live in water.
One adaptation is that their front legs have become flippers.
Use Darwin’s theory of natural selection to explain how their front legs have evolved into flippers.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
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(b) Orcas feed on herring.
Each winter the herring move into a fjord in Norway and the orcas follow.
This provides an excellent opportunity to see orcas.
Many fishermen in Norway catch herring in the fjord.
sea
fjord
Norway
(i) Suggest one way that the herring stock can be sustained.
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Sustaining the herring population affects the whole human population of the area, not just the fishermen.
Explain why.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 5]
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3 Julie and Kim investigate a group of shellfish called dog whelks on a rocky shore.
uppershore
quadrats
middleshore
lowershore
dog whelknot to scale
sea
They divide the shore into three areas, upper, middle and lower.
They count the number of dog whelks in 8 quadrats in each area.
The table shows their results.
Part of shore
Number of dog whelks in each quadrat Average
Upper 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0.5
Middle 3 4 4 3 3 3 3 5
Lower 1 2 2 0 2 0 2 3 1.5
(a) Calculate the average number of dog whelks in each quadrat in the middle shore.
You are advised to show your working.
answer ................................................. [2]
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(b) Julie uses their results to conclude that more dog whelks live on the lower shore than on the upper shore.
(i) Suggest two reasons why more dog whelks live on the lower shore than the upper shore.
1 ........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) Kim tells Julie that her conclusion might not be reliable.
Suggest one reason why Julie’s conclusion may not be reliable.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) Some dog whelks have animals called copepods living inside them as parasites.
What is meant by the word parasite?
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 6]
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4 Look at the graph.
It shows the world population by region between the years 1950–2000.
19500
1
2
3populationin billions
4
5
6
1960 1970year
world population by region 1950–2000
1980 1990
Key
Africa
Latin America
Europe
USA
Asia
2000
(a) The human population is increasing rapidly.
Write down the name given to the increasing rate of human population growth.
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) The growth in population has led to higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
Write down one pollution problem caused by higher levels of carbon dioxide.
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(c) Europe causes more pollution than Africa.
Suggest two reasons why.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 4]
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BLANK PAGE
Question 5 begins on page 12
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SECTION B – Module C2
5 Rachel and Mark investigate the reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid.
The word equation for the reaction is
zinc + hydrochloric acid zinc chloride + hydrogen
The diagram shows the apparatus they use.
dilutehydrochloric acidzinc
gas syringe
Look at the graph.
It shows their results when 1 g of zinc lumps reacts with 20 cm3 of dilute hydrochloric acid.
00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
time in minutes
totalvolume of gas
given off in cm3
5
10
15
20
25
30
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(a) How long does it take for the reaction to stop?
.......................................................... minutes [1]
(b) Copper powder is a good catalyst for this reaction.
What is a catalyst?
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(c) The reaction goes faster if powdered zinc is used instead of zinc lumps.
Explain why.
Use ideas about collisions between particles.
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(d) The reaction goes faster at higher temperatures.
Explain why.
Use ideas about collisions between particles.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
(e) Zinc, Zn, reacts with hydrochloric acid, HCl.
Zinc chloride, ZnCl2, and hydrogen, H2, are made.
Write a balanced symbol equation for this reaction.
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 7]
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6 This question is about metals and alloys.
(a) Amalgam, brass, solder and steel are alloys.
Draw a line from each alloy to show the metals present in it.
Steel has been done for you.
alloy metals present
amalgam iron and carbon
brass lead and tin
solder copper and zinc
steel mercury
[2]
(b) Calum and Emily are purifying copper.
Look at the diagram. It shows the apparatus they use.
+ –
..........................................
..........................................
..........................................
..........................................
..........................................
..........................................
Look at the list of labels.
copper sulfate solution
impure copper anode
pure copper cathode
Complete the labels on the diagram to show how impure copper is purified. [1]
[Total: 3]
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7 Jenny and John investigate marble and limestone.
Limestone and marble both have the formula, CaCO3.
Jenny heats some limestone.
HEAT
limestone
(a) When limestone is heated, thermal decomposition happens.
What is thermal decomposition?
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) Limestone is used to make cement.
To make cement, limestone is mixed with another substance.
Write down the name of this substance.
Choose from the list.
clay granite glass iron ore
answer ................................................. [1]
(c) When calcium carbonate, CaCO3, is heated it makes calcium oxide, CaO, and carbon dioxide.
Write a balanced symbol equation for this reaction.
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(d) Marble and limestone have different hardnesses.
Explain why.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 5]
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8 This question is about gases in the air.
Look at the pie chart. It shows the composition of the air.
21 %
oxygen
nitrogen
(a) What percentage of the air is nitrogen?
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(b) Sulfur dioxide is a pollutant in the air.
Explain how sulfur dioxide gets into the air.
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
(c) Carbon monoxide is also a pollutant in the air.
Most carbon monoxide is made when petrol burns in car engines.
It can be removed from the exhaust gases using a catalytic converter.
Explain how.
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 3]
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9 Look at the word equation for the corrosion (rusting) of iron.
iron + oxygen + water hydrated iron(III) oxide
(a) What type of reaction is rusting?
Choose from the list.
combustion decomposition electrolysis oxidation
answer ................................................ [1]
(b) Aluminium does not corrode in moist conditions.
Explain why.
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 2]
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© OCR 2013
SECTION C – Module P2
10 The Sun produces a lot of energy.
Photocells transfer light energy from the Sun into electricity.
(a) (i) Describe two advantages of using photocells.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) One disadvantage of using photocells is that they produce a low power output.
Explain how the power output from photocells can be increased.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Apart from photocells, there are other ways in which the Sun’s energy can be changed into electricity.
Write down one other way.
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [1]
[Total: 4]
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11 (a) Look at the diagram.
coil
N S
Alicia makes electricity by moving the magnet into the coil.
The current produced is very small.
Write down two ways in which Alicia can make the current larger.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) Power is transmitted from power stations over large distances.
A high voltage is always used. One reason is to reduce costs.
Explain other reasons why a high voltage is used.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [2]
[Total: 4]
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© OCR 2013
12 This question is about electrical power.
Look at the table of electric appliances.
Appliance Power rating in kW
Time used per week in hours
hair dryer 2.0 2.5
iron 1.5 2.0
microwave oven
1.0 1.2
toaster 1.5 0.5
vacuum cleaner
1.9 1.5
(a) (i) The power rating of the toaster is 1.5 kW.
Calculate how many kilowatt hours (kWh) of electrical energy is used by the toaster in 0.5 hours.
The equations on page 2 may help you.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
answer ............................................................ kWh [1]
(ii) The cost of a kilowatt hour of electrical energy is 16 pence.
Calculate the cost of the electrical energy used by the toaster in 0.5 hours.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
answer ............................................................ pence [1]
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(b) Liz has an electric fire.
She connects it to the 230 V mains and switches it on.
The current is 9 amps.
Calculate the power rating of the electric fire.
The equations on page 2 may help you.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
answer ............................................... watts [2]
[Total: 4]
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13 This question is about the Universe.
(a) Complete the sentences about our Solar System and beyond.
The Earth is one of the ........................... in the Solar System.
The Sun is at the centre of our Solar System.
The Solar System is just a tiny part of the Milky Way.
The Milky Way is an example of a ................................... .
There may be an object near the centre of the Milky Way that light cannot escape from.
If no light can escape from an object, it is called a ........................................................ . [2]
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(b) The asteroid belt is between the planets Jupiter and Mars.
asteroid belt
Sun
(Orbits drawn approximately to scale)
Jupiter
Earth
Mars
Use the diagram to help you complete the following sentences about the asteroids.
Some asteroids in the asteroid belt clump together.
The huge ....................................... force from ............................................. pulls them apart.
This stops the formation of another ................................. between Mars and
...................................................... . [2]
[Total: 4]
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14 (a) Some of our electricity is made from nuclear fuel.
One disadvantage of this process is that it produces radioactive waste.
Write down one advantage and another disadvantage of nuclear power.
advantage .................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
disadvantage ............................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) Radioactive waste has to be disposed of safely.
Write down two ways that this can be done.
1 ............................................................... .................................................................................
.................................................... ............. ..................................................................................
2 ..................................................... .......... .................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 4]
END OF QUESTION PAPER
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28
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The
Peri
odic
Tab
le o
f th
e El
emen
ts
* T
he l
anth
anoi
ds (
atom
ic n
umbe
rs 5
8-71
) an
d th
e ac
tino
ids
(ato
mic
num
bers
90-
103)
hav
e be
en o
mit
ted.
The
rela
tive
ato
mic
mas
ses
of c
oppe
r an
d ch
lori
ne h
ave
not
been
rou
nded
to
the
near
est
who
le n
umbe
r.
12
34
56
70
Key
1 Hhy
drog
en
1
4 He
heliu
m
2
7 Lilit
hium 3
9 Bebe
rylli
um
4
rela
tive
ato
mic
mas
sat
omic
sym
bol
nam
e
atom
ic (
prot
on)
num
ber
11 Bbo
ron
5
12 Cca
rbon 6
14 Nni
trog
en
7
16 Oox
ygen 8
19 Ffl
uori
ne
9
20 Ne
neon 10
23 Na
sodi
um
11
24 Mg
mag
nesi
um
12
27 Al
alum
iniu
m
13
28 Sisi
licon
14
31 Pph
osph
orus
15
32 Ssu
lfur
16
35.5 Cl
chlo
rine
17
40 Ar
argo
n
18
39 Kpo
tass
ium
19
40 Caca
lciu
m
20
45 Scsc
andi
um
21
48 Titi
tani
um
22
51 Vva
nadi
um
23
52 Crch
rom
ium
24
55 Mn
man
gane
se
25
56 Fe iron 26
59 Co coba
lt
27
59 Ni
nick
el
28
63.5
Cu copp
er
29
65 Zn zinc 30
70 Ga
galli
um
31
73 Ge
germ
aniu
m
32
75 As
arse
nic
33
79 Sese
leni
um
34
80 Brbr
omin
e
35
84 Krkr
ypto
n
36
85 Rbru
bidi
um
37
88 Srst
ront
ium
38
89 Yyt
triu
m
39
91 Zrzi
rcon
ium
40
93 Nb
niob
ium
41
96 Mo
mol
ybde
num
42
[98] Tc
tech
neti
um
43
101
Ruru
then
ium
44
103
Rhrh
odiu
m
45
106
Pdpa
lladi
um
46
108
Ag
silv
er
47
112
Cdca
dmiu
m
48
115
Inin
dium
49
119
Sn tin 50
122
Sban
tim
ony
51
128
Tete
lluri
um
52
127 I
iodi
ne
53
131
Xe xeno
n
54
133
Csca
esiu
m
55
137
Baba
rium
56
139
La*
lant
hanu
m
57
178
Hf
hafn
ium
72
181
Tata
ntal
um
73
184
Wtu
ngst
en
74
186
Rerh
eniu
m
75
190
Os
osm
ium
76
192 Ir
irid
ium
77
195
Ptpl
atin
um
78
197
Au
gold 79
201
Hg
mer
cury
80
204
Tlth
alliu
m
81
207
Pb lead 82
209
Bibi
smut
h
83
[209
]Po
polo
nium
84
[210
]A
tas
tati
ne
85
[222
]Rn rado
n
86
[223
]Fr
fran
cium
87
[226
]Ra
radi
um
88
[227
]A
c*ac
tini
um
89
[261
]Rf
ruth
erfo
rdiu
m
104
[262
]D
bdu
bniu
m
105
[266
]Sg
seab
orgi
um
106
[264
]Bh
bohr
ium
107
[277
]H
sha
ssiu
m
108
[268
]M
tm
eitn
eriu
m
109
[271
]D
sda
rmst
adti
um
110
[272
]Rg
roen
tgen
ium
111
Elem
ents
wit
h at
omic
num
bers
112
-116
hav
e be
en r
epor
ted
but
not
fully
auth
enti
cate
d
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