thursday 14th february 2013 eduardo gonzález, head of maintenance department
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Thursday 14th February 2013
Eduardo González,
Head of Maintenance Department
Public Bus Company of San Sebastián
DBUS FLEET RUNNING
ON BIODIESEL
Biofuels and Clean Vehicles
Municipal Bus Company of San Sebastián
• 182.500 inhabitants
• Founded in 1886 (125 years).
• From 1981: Municipal Company.
• 36 urban lines (9 nightlines “buhos”).
• 120 buses: 83 of 12m
26 articulated
3 of 10m
8 microbuses
• 485 employees (345 drivers).
• 29 million travellers in 2012
• 157 travels/inhab.year, one of the biggest ratios in Europe.
Bus Fleet running on Biodiesel • Eduardo González
Biofuels and Clean Vehicles
Used Cooking Oil Biodiesel
No fuel supply diversification
No vehicle purchase / depots overcosts
No maintenance adjustment needed.
Social acceptance: 2nd Generation Biofuel
CLEAN FUEL!
Selection of 2nd generation Biodiesel
Bus Fleet running on Biodiesel • Eduardo González
Biofuels and Clean Vehicles
2009 ONWARDS
Rising evolution:
Average blends ahead CIVITAS plan
Towards a Ecological fleet
Bus Fleet running on Biodiesel • Eduardo González
2008: November: Fuel mixing pumping station purchased Diesel / Biodiesel separated tanks and pipelines
Application of CIVITAS schedule
Biofuels and Clean Vehicles
Obtaining certificates and allowances
• Quality and supply Guarantees of BIODIESEL supplier (EN14214)
• BUS manufacturer’s allowance for Biodiesel use in newest buses.
KEY STEPS
Bus Fleet running on Biodiesel • Eduardo González
Biofuels and Clean Vehicles
KEY STEPS
B16 Bus Fuel tanks cleaning
B20 Fuel Hoses Substitution
Bus Fleet running on Biodiesel • Eduardo González
Biofuels and Clean Vehicles
LOW TEMPERATURE EFFECT:
Fuel Filter Saturation
B100 Buses
B100 Station Filters
Actions: Fuel filters change Temporary change to B30 until temperature rises over 0ºC
KEY STEPS
Bus Fleet running on Biodiesel • Eduardo González
Biofuels and Clean Vehicles
Emissions Results
Annual reduction
> 3,9 Million Litres Diesel Substitution > 10000 Tons CO2 Savings
ABSOLUTE (Ton) RELATIVE
CO2 1570,75 21,3%
CO 20,09 20,9%
HC 5,44 21,3%
NOx 37,94 20,5%
PM 2,53 47,5%
Bus Fleet running on Biodiesel • Eduardo González
Biofuels and Clean Vehicles
PROBLEMS IDENTIFIED – RISKS AND MITIGATING ACTIVITIES
1. Increasing fuel consumption, up to 8,5% and increasing price of Biodiesel
RISK: Widespread deployment of the highest biodiesel blends uneconomic.
MITIGATING ACTIVITIES: Set lower average Biodiesel blends (under B30) Negotiate restrained price with local supplier.
Bus Fleet running on Biodiesel • Eduardo González
Biofuels and Clean Vehicles
PROBLEMS IDENTIFIED – RISKS AND MITIGATING ACTIVITIES
2. Saturation of fuel filters
RISK: Serious damage in bus engines
MITIGATING ACTIVITIES: Bus Filter change
B100 and DIESEL suppliers quality control, different opinions from Bus Manufacturer and Biodiesel
Supplier.
Dbus Fuel Tanks water or contamination control
Mixing Station DIESEL filters maintenance.
SupplierIndependent
Analysis LIMIT
Total contamination (mg/kg)6,4 24,2 max 24
FAME content (% m/m)97,3 94,4 min 96,5
Oxidation stability (hours)9,1 5,1 min 6,0
Acidity number (mgKOH/g)0,3 0,52 max 0,5
Bus Fleet running on Biodiesel • Eduardo González
Biofuels and Clean Vehicles
PROBLEMS IDENTIFIED – RISKS AND MITIGATING ACTIVITIES
3. Early error in Fuel Injection System:
RISK: Change of Fuel Injectors (best case)
Damage in High Pressure fuel pump (very expensive)
MITIGATING ACTIVITIES: Specific Maintenance program, injectors change.
Pending of conclusions from workshop between Bus Manufacturer and Biodiesel Supplier.
Bus Fleet running on Biodiesel • Eduardo González
Biofuels and Clean Vehicles
RECOMENDATIONS
Experience replication
Blending - pumping station – highly recommended for fast reaction if blend change needed.
Maintenance – A proper preventive maintenance of fuel tanks, filters and pumps. Previous cleaning of underground fuel tanks.
Fuel quality – In order to avoid potential engine problems, the quality of the fuels purchased should be ensured regularly in order to assure that high quality fuels are used.
Increase patterns – A step-by-step increasing pattern regarding the percentage of biofuel in the mix is recommended, especially in older vehicles in order to avoid premature saturation of fuel filters
Compatibility - Special biodiesel compatibility control with the injection pipes when using blends of more than 20% should be undertaken.
Climate restrictions – It is recommended that biodiesel blends are decreased when temperatures are below 0 °C.
Bus Fleet running on Biodiesel • Eduardo González
Biofuels and Clean Vehicles
RECOMENDATIONS
Staff involvement - Involving all staff levels in the pilot experiences is highly recommended in order to create an adequate framework for innovation.
Stakeholders involvement – Commitment to partnership from bus manufacturer and fuel-biofuel supplier. Steady communication channels with local stakeholders are essential for that purpose. (e.g: workshops)
Bus Fleet running on Biodiesel • Eduardo González
Biofuels and Clean Vehicles
FUTURE PLANS
Cooperative Study of the situation still need to be agreed by both the Biodiesel supplier and the bus manufacturer to get to a clear conclusion. It will need to address questions such as:
•A more specific standard for Biodiesel blends apart from EN14214, is needed to ensure that the newest vehicles can run with high blends of biodiesel?
•Will the problems also affect vehicles with less modern engines than Euro 4 over a longer timescale, or not?
CURRENT SCENARIO:
•Increasing taxes on Biofuels in 2013
•Total dependency on Fuel prices evolution or other initiatives such as CIVITAS
•EU recent initiatives forget about biodiesel.
Bus Fleet running on Biodiesel • Eduardo González
Biofuels and Clean Vehicles
Consortium Meeting • Donostia – San Sebastián • Eduardo González
Thank you!
Thursday 14th February 2013
Eduardo González,
Head of Maintenance Department
Public Bus Company of San Sebastián
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