thinking geographically
Post on 23-Feb-2016
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Thinking Geographically
•4 types of maps•5 themes of geography•3 types of regions•Site vs. Situation
Mercator Projection - 1569
• Low distortion on land shape• Distortion is greatest at the poles
Robinson Projection - 1963
• Distorts shape, size, distance, and direction evenly, but preserves all four the best at the Equator
Goode Projection - 1923
• Land masses are true• Distances are distorted
Lambert Projection - 1772
• Direction is true from center point• Distorted shapes and direction at the edges• Views one hemisphere of the world
5 Themes: Place
• A specific point on Earth
5 Themes: Region
• An area on Earth distinguished by a combination of culture and physical features
5 Themes: Scale
• Relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and the Earth as a whole
5 Themes: Space
• Refers to the physical gap between objects
5 Themes: Connections
• Relationships among people and objects across space
Types of Regions: Formal (Uniform)
• An area within everyone shares one or more distinctive characteristics
Types of Regions: Functional (Nodal)
• An area organized around a node or focal point, diminishes in importance as it grows outward
Types of Regions: Vernacular (Perceptual)
• A place that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity
Site vs. Situation
Site• The physical
characteristic of a place• Example: Marion
County’s site characteristics include knobs, rivers, and a high percentage of agricultural land
Situation• The location of a
place in relation to others
• Example: Lebanon is approximately 60 miles south of Louisville
Latitude and Longitude
• Latitude – runs flat and are parallel
• 0⁰ Latitude is the Equator
• Latitude lines go from 90⁰ South Latitude to 90⁰ North Latitude
• Longitude – runs up and down, meet at the poles
• 0⁰ Longitude is the Prime Meridian, 180⁰ Longitude is the International Date Line
• Longitude meridians go from 0⁰ to 180⁰ and are measured east to west in relation Greenwich, England
Map Distortions
•Shape•Size•Direction•Distance
Types of Diffusions
• Relocation – physical movement of people• Expansion – snowball effect• Hierarchical – spreads from nodes of
authority• Contagious – rapid and widespread
diffusion• Stimulus – as an idea spreads, part of its
concept is lost, the rest continues to be spread
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