theoretical advancement in economic geography by engaged pluralism
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Vaasa, October 25th 2013 Robert Hassink
Theoretical advancement in economic geography by engaged pluralism
Robert Hassink
Dept. of Geography, University of Kiel,
Germany
Vaasa, October 25th 2013 Robert Hassink
Fragmented
vs.
engaged pluralism (Barnes & Sheppard 2010)
Vaasa, October 25th 2013 Robert Hassink
Evolutionary economic geography analyses and explains “the processes by which the economic landscape – the spatial organisation of economic production, circulation, exchange, distribution andconsumption – is transformed from within over time” (Boschma & Martin 2010, 6).
“why it is that some regional economies become locked into development paths that lose dynamism, whilst other regional economies seem able to avoid this danger” (Martin & Sunley 2006, 395)
Vaasa, October 25th 2013 Robert Hassink
Aim:
advancing evolutionary economic geography by reviewing its core critique and proposed solutions, particularly that of geographical political economy.
Vaasa, October 25th 2013 Robert Hassink
1. Introduction
2. Evolutionary economic geography
3. Critique
4. Alternative paradigms
5. Empirical reflection: locked in decline?
6. Conclusions
Vaasa, October 25th 2013 Robert Hassink
Source: Boschma & Frenken 2006
Vaasa, October 25th 2013 Robert Hassink
Evolutionary concepts and notes:
• Path dependence and lock-ins,
• Related and unrelated variety,
• Co-evolution,
• Sunk costs,
• Cluster life cycles.
Vaasa, October 25th 2013 Robert Hassink
‘‘A path-dependent process or system is one whose outcome evolves as a consequence of the process’s or system’s own history’’ (Martin & Sunley, 2006, 399)
Path dependence is not past dependence; it is rather a contingent process
‘‘Lock-in is this notion that most fully captures the idea that the combination of historical contingency and the emergence of self-reinforcing effects, steers a technology, industry or regional economy along one ‘path’ rather than another’’ (Martin 2010, 3)
Vaasa, October 25th 2013 Robert Hassink
Source: Boschma & Frenken 2006
Vaasa, October 25th 2013 Robert Hassink
Source: Boschma & Frenken 2006
Vaasa, October 25th 2013 Robert Hassink
3. Critique
Pike et al 2009, MacKinnon et al 2009:
1. limited importance attached to institutions
2. under-conceptualized notion of social agency and power
3. neglected multi-scalar interrelatedness and embeddedness of firms
Vaasa, October 25th 2013 Robert Hassink
Source: Hassink & Klaerding 2012
Vaasa, October 25th 2013 Robert Hassink
4. Alternative paradigms
Geographical political economy
Institutional economic geography
Relational economic geography
Vaasa, October 25th 2013 Robert Hassink
5. Empirical reflection: locked in decline?
Hassink, R. (2010) Locked in decline? On the role of regional lock-ins in old industrial areas. The Handbook of Evolutionary Economic Geography, 450.
"When the wind of change blows, some build walls, others build windmills“
当风向改变时 ,有的人筑墙 ,有的人造风车Chinese proverb
Vaasa, October 25th 2013 Robert Hassink
Vaasa, October 25th 2013 Robert Hassink
Vaasa, October 25th 2013 Robert Hassink
Vaasa, October 25th 2013 Robert Hassink
Monostructure despite strong de-industrialisation after reunification
All yards are part of larger concern
Strong competition with East Asian shipyards
Strong state support (federal state, Land, EU) to modernise production capacities (3 billion €, 500,000 € per job) => capacity limitation
Vaasa, October 25th 2013 Robert Hassink
Vaasa, October 25th 2013 Robert Hassink
Vaasa, October 25th 2013 Robert Hassink
Vaasa, October 25th 2013 Robert Hassink
yards Yard cities
State of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
Shipbuilding Association Federal government
Local trade unions
European Commission
European Shipbuilding
Association
Vaasa, October 25th 2013 Robert Hassink
Lobby: Against capacity limitation Against alleged dumping
prices of Korean yards
Results: Capacity limitations have
become less strict WTO case and due to that
allowance of subsidies (84 million €)
Vaasa, October 25th 2013 Robert Hassink
Westmünsterland
History• cross-border textile region since the 19th Century • impulses from Twente (the Netherlands)• early 1960s about 75% of manufacturing employment
in the textile industry• crisis and de-industrialisation
Vaasa, October 25th 2013 Robert Hassink
Political reactions
Little protest against plantclosures => “quiet” restructuring due to the lack of lock-ins:
• few subsidies• support for new industry • entrepreneur Schmitz
Vaasa, October 25th 2013 Robert Hassink
Company reactions
Technical textiles:Examples: car industry, medical technology, fishery, road and railroad construction, agriculture
Vaasa, October 25th 2013 Robert Hassink
Daegu
History
• genesis during colonial period• strong growth during 1960s/1970s (targeted industry)• natural fibres => synthetic fibres • crisis and de-industrialisation
Vaasa, October 25th 2013 Robert Hassink
Political reactions
Milano-Project1999-2003Strongly subsidised: € 650 mill.
Kim Dae-Jung’s official pledge (공약 )& regionalism
Aim:
Vaasa, October 25th 2013 Robert Hassink
• Fashion industry• Upgrading textile• Exhibitions
Problems:• Conflicts• Gap
Vaasa, October 25th 2013 Robert Hassink
Adjustment / renewal
Lock-ins Dominant impact factors
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
Adjustment Strong at several spatial levels
Both economic-structural and political-institutional factors
Westmünsterland Renewal Weak Both economic-structural and specific regional political-institutional factors
Daegu Adjustment Strong at local level
Political-institutional impact factors dominate
Vaasa, October 25th 2013 Robert Hassink
6. Conclusions
Evolutionary economic geography has some clear and powerful theoretical notions
In order to overcome shortcomings in favour of engaged pluralism => incorporating institutional and relational economic geography => evolutionary economic geography as a pluralistic project
In favour of theoretical stability
Vaasa, October 25th 2013 Robert Hassink
kiitos!
tusen tack!
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