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theHANDBOOKWelding Consumables
2 3
Tabl
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Tabl
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Welding Notes ............................................................................ B10
Products Introduction ................................................................. B11
▍SMAW Electrodes for Nickel Steel (low temperature use)
Welding Notes (including consumables selection) ..................... B15
Products Introduction ................................................................. B17
▍Flux Cored Wire for Nickel Steel (low temperature use)
Welding Notes ............................................................................ B20
Products Introduction ................................................................. B21
▍SMAW Electrodes for Weathering Steel
Welding Notes (including consumables selection) ..................... B25
Products Introduction ................................................................. B26
▍Flux Cored Wire for Weathering Steel
Welding Notes ............................................................................ B28
Products Introduction ................................................................. B29
▍SMAW Electrodes for High Tensile & High Yield Strength Steels
Welding Notes ............................................................................ B31
Products Introduction ................................................................. B32
▍Flux Cored Wire for High Tensile & High Yield Strength Steels
Welding Notes ............................................................................ B35
Products Introduction ................................................................. B36
● Stainless Steel
▍Material General Review ....................................................................... C2
▍Welding Consumables Selection ........................................................... C5
▍SMAW Electrodes
Welding Notes ............................................................................ C8
Products Introduction ................................................................. C9
▍MIG.TIG Wire/Rod
Welding Notes (MIG) .................................................................. C18
Welding Notes (TIG) .................................................................. C19
Products Introduction ................................................................. C20
▍SAW – Submerged Arc Welding Wire
Products list ........................................................................................ 6
● For Mild & High Tensile Strength Steel Use ........................................ A1
● For Mild & High Tensile Strength Steel Use
▍Materials General Review ..................................................................... A2
▍SMAW Electrodes
Welding consumables selection ................................................ A5
Welding Notes ............................................................................ A6
Products Introduction ................................................................. A7
▍MAG wire
Welding consumables selection ................................................. A20
Welding Notes ............................................................................ A21
Products Introduction ................................................................. A23
▍TIG Rod
General Description And Welding Notes .................................... A29
Products Introduction ................................................................. A30
▍SAW Wire / Flux
Welding Consumables Selection ............................................... A33
Welding Notes ............................................................................ A34
Products Introduction ................................................................. A36
▍Flux Cored Wire (FCW)
Welding consumables selection ................................................. A39
Welding Notes ............................................................................ A40
Products Introduction ................................................................. A41
● Low Alloy Steels
▍Materials General Review ..................................................................... B2
▍Chromium-Molybdenum (heat resistant use) Steel
Welding Consumables Selection ............................................... B3
▍SMAW Electrodes for Chromium-Molybdenum Low Alloy Steels
Welding Notes ............................................................................ B5
Products Introduction ................................................................. B6
▍Flux Cored Wire for Chromium-Molybdenum Low Alloy Steels
Table of contents
4 5
Welding Notes ............................................................................ E6
Products Introduction ................................................................. E7
▍MIG.TIG Wire/Rod
Welding Notes ............................................................................ E13
Products Introduction ................................................................. E14
● Cast Iron
▍Material General Review ....................................................................... F2
▍Welding consumables selection ............................................................ F3
▍Welding Notes ....................................................................................... F4
▍SMAW Electrodes
Products Introduction ................................................................. F6
● Others
▍Gouging or groove preparation use
Products Introduction ................................................................. F10
● Reference
▍DeLONG Diagram ................................................................................ G2
▍WRC-1992 Diagram ............................................................................... G3
▍Conversions ........................................................................................... G4
Welding Notes ............................................................................ C28
Products Introduction ................................................................. C29
▍Flux Cored Wire
Welding Notes ............................................................................ C31
Products Introduction ................................................................. C32
● Hardfacing and Wear Resistant Use
▍Hardfacing General Review .................................................................. D2
▍Welding consumables selection ........................................................... D4
▍Welding Notes ....................................................................................... D6
▍Hardfacing and Wear Resistant SMAW Electrodes
Welding Notes (SMAW Electrodes) ........................................... D9
Products Introduction ................................................................. D9
Strong impact and abrasion resistant ........................................ D9
Buffer layer and welding repairs ................................................. D11
Metal to metal abrasion resistant ............................................... D12
Metal to sand abrasion resistant ................................................ D15
Severe abrasion resistant .......................................................... D18
High temperature fatigue and corrosion resistant ...................... D22
▍Hardfacing and Wear Resistant Flux Cored Wire
Welding notes (Flux Cored Wire and SAW Flux Cored wire) ..... D24
Strong impact and abrasion resistant ........................................ D25
Buffer layer and welding repairs ................................................. D27
Metal to metal abrasion resistant ............................................... D30
Metal to sand abrasion resistant ................................................ D36
Severe Abrasion resistant .......................................................... D42
High temperature fatigue and corrosion resistant ..................... D51
● Nickel Base Alloy
▍Material General Review ....................................................................... E2
▍Cross Table for Nickel base alloys vs stainless steel, carbon steel,
low alloy steel welding consumable ...................................................... E3
▍SMAW Electrodes
Tabl
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SMAW Electrodes
Steel CategoryProduct
name(1)
Speci cation(2)
PageAWS JIS
(3)
Mild & High Tensile Strength
Steel Use
G03Equivalent to A5.1M E4313Equivalent to A5.1 E6013
Z3211 E4303 A7
NK32Equivalent to A5.1 E4313Equivalent to A5.1 E6013
Z3211 E4303 A7
G10A5.1M E4310A5.1 E6010
Z3211 E4310 A8
G11A5.1M E4311A5.1 E6011
Z3211 E4311 A8
K120A5.1M E4313A5.1 E6013
Z3211 E4313 A9
G13A5.1M E4313A5.1 E6013
Z3211 E4313 A9
G13VDA5.1M E4313A5.1 E6013
Z3211 E4313 A10
ND150LA5.1M E4319A5.1 E6019
Z3211 E4319U A10
D200A5.1M E4319A5.1 E6019
Z3211 E4319U A11
G27A5.1M E4327A5.1 E6027
Z3211 E4327 A11
EX7A5.1M E4327A5.1 E6027
Z3211 E4327 A12
GL52A5.1M E4916A5.1 E7016
Z3211 E4916UH10 A12
GL5218A5.1M E4918A5.1 E7018
Z3211 E4918H10 A13
GL24A5.1M E4924A5.1 E7024
Z3211 E4903 A13
GL524A5.1M E4924A5.1 E7024
Z3211 E4924 A14
GL5226A5.1M E4928A5.1 E7028
Z3211 E4928UH15 A14
GL528A5.1M E4928A5.1 E7028
Z3211 E4928UH15 A15
Products list
8 9
SMAW Electrodes
Steel CategoryProduct
name(1)
Speci cation(2)
PageAWS JIS (3)
Mild & High Tensile Strength
Steel Use
EX55VA5.1M E4948A5.1 E7048
Z3211 E4948H10 A15
GL55*A5.5M E5516-GA5.5 E8016-G
Z3211 E5716H10 A16
GL60*A5.5M E6216-GA5.5 E9016-G
Z3211 E5716H10 A16
GL70*A5.5M E6916-GA5.5 E10016-G
Equivalent to Z3211 E6916-N4M3
A17
GL80*A5.5M E7616-GA5.5 E11016-G
Z3211 E7816-N4CM2 A17
GL100*A5.5M E8316-GA5.5 E12016-G
Equivalent to Z3211 E8318-N4C2M2
A18
Chromium – Molybdenum
(heat resistant use)Steel
GL76A1/GL78A1
A5.5M E4916(8)-A1A5.5 E7016(8)-A1
Z3223 DT1216 B6
GL86B1/GL88B1
A5.5M E5516(8)-B1A5.5 E8016(8)-B1
Z3223 DT2316(8)B6
GL86B2/GL88B2
A5.5M E5516(8)-B2A5.5 E8016(8)-B2
Z3223 DT2316(8) B7
GL96B3/GL98B3
A5.5M E6216(8)-B3A5.5 E9016(8)-B3
Z3223 DT2416(8) B7
GL86B6/GL88B6
A5.5 M E5516(8)-B6A5.5 E8016(8)-B6
- B8
GL86B8/GL88B8
A5.5M E 5516(8)-B8A5.5 E8016(8)-B8
- B8
Nickel Steel (low temperature use)
GL86C1/GL88C1
A5.5M E5516(8)-C1A5.5 E8016(8)-C1
Z3211 E5516(8)-N5 B17
GL86C2/GL88C2
A5.5M E5516(8)-C2 A5.5 E8016(8)-C2
Z3211 E5516(8)-N7 B17
GL86C3/GL88C3
A5.5M E5516(8)-C3 A5.5 E8016(8)-C3
Z3211 E5516(8)-N2 B18
Weathering Steel
GL78W1A5.5M E4918-W1A5.5 E7018-W1
Z3214 DA5016G B26
GL88W2A5.5M E5518-W2A5.5 E8018-W2
Z3214 DA5816W B26
SMAW Electrodes
Steel CategoryProduct
name(1)
Speci cation(2)
PageAWS JIS (3)
High Tensile and High Yield Strength Steel
GL98MA5.5M E6218MA5.5 E9018M
Z3211 E6218-N3M1 B32
GL108MA5.5M E6918MA5.5 E10018M
Z3211 E6918-N3M2 B32
GL118MA5.5M E7618MA5.5 E11018M
Z3211 E7618-N4M2 B33
GL128MA5.5M E8318MA5.5 E12018M
Z3211 E8318-N4C2M2 B33
Stainless Steel
G307 A5.4 E307-16 Z3221 ES307-16 C9
G307M A5.4 E307-26 Z3221 ES307-26 C9
G308 A5.4 E308-16 Z3221 ES308-16 C10
G308L A5.4 E308L-16 Z3221 ES308L-16 C10
G308M A5.4 E308-26 Z3221 ES308-26 C11
G309 A5.4 E309-16 Z3221 ES309-16 C11
G309L A5.4 E309L-16 Z3221 ES309L-16 C12
G309MoL A5.4 E309LMo-16 Z3221 ES309LMo-16 C12
G310 A5.4 E310-16 Z3221 ES310-16 C13
G312 A5.4 E312-16 Z3221 ES312-16 C13
G316 A5.4 E316-16 Z3221 ES316-16 C14
G316L A5.4 E316L-16 Z3221 ES316L-16 C14
G317 A5.4 E317-16 Z3221 ES317-16 C15
G347 A5.4 E347-16 Z3221 ES347-16 C15
G410 A5.4 E410-16 Z3221 ES410-16 C16
G2209 A5.4 E2209-16 Z3221 ES2209-16 C16
Pro
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Pro
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SM
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Ele
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SM
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Ele
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10 11
SMAW Electrodes
Steel Category
Product
name(1)
Specif ication(2)
PageAWS JIS (3)
Strong impact resistant
GH13M — Z3251 DFMA-250B D9
HARDMANG1— —
D10
HARDMANG3— —
D10
Buffer layer and welding
GH300—
Z3251 DF2A-300B D11
GH300R — Z3251 DF2A-300R D11
Metal to metal abrasion
GH350R — Z3251 DF2A-350R D12
GH450 — Z3251 DF2A-450B D12
GH450R — Z3251 DF2B-450R D13
GH600 — Z3251 DF3C-600B D13
GH600R — Z3251 DF3B-600R D14
SMAW Electrodes
Steel CategoryProduct
name(1)
Speci cation(2)
PageAWS JIS (3)
Severe abrasion resistant
HARD 35 — — D18
GH800 — — D18
GH900Mn — — D19
GH950Nb — — D19
GH950 — — D20
GH950C — — D20
GHCW — — D21
High temperature fatigue and
corrosion resistantGH13Cr-4 — — D22
Nickel base alloy
GNC 132 A5.11 ENiCrFe-1 Z3224 DNiCrFe-1 E7
GNC 133 A5.11 ENiCrFe-2 Z3224 DNiCrFe-2 E8
GNC 182 A5.11 ENiCrFe-3 Z3224 DNiCrFe-3 E9
GNC 112 A5.11 ENiCrMo-3 Z3224 DNiCrMo-3 E10
GNC 277 A5.11 ENiCrMo-5 Z3224 DNiCrMo-5 E11
Cast Iron
GC100 A5.15 ENi-CI Z3252 DFCNi F6
GC55 A5.15 ENiFe-CI Z3252 DFCNi Fe F6
GCO A5.15 ESt Z3252 DFCFe F7
GCI-1 A5.15 ENi-CI Z3252 DFCNi F7
GCI-2 A5.15 ENiFe-CI Z3252 DFCNi Fe F8
GCI-3 A5.15 ESt Z3252 DFCFe F8
Gouging or groove
preparation use
GGC — — F10
Gouging Carbon — — F10
Metal to sand abrasion resistant
GH750 — Z3251 DF3C-700B D15
GH900 — Z3251 DF5A-700B D15
HARD D — — D16
GH900W — D16
HARD 31 — — D17
MAG.TIG wire / rod
Mild & High Tensile Strength
Steel Use
S-GA5.18M ER48S-GA5.18 ER70S-G
Z3312 YGW11 A23
S-4GW16
A5.18M ER48S-4A5.18 ER70S-4
— A23
S-6A5.18M ER48S-6A5.18 ER70S-6
Z3312 YGW12 A24
GW11A5.18M ER48S-GA5.18 ER70S-G
Z3312 YGW11 A24
GW12A5.18M ER48S-6A5.18 ER70S-6
Z3312 YGW12 A25
Pro
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Pro
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SM
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Ele
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12 13
MAG.TIG wire/rod
Steel CategoryProduct
name(1)
Speci cation(2)
PageAWS JIS (3)
Mild & High Tensile Strength
Steel Use
GW15 — Z3312 YGW15 A25
GW18*A5.28M ER62S-GA5.28 ER90S-G
Z3312 YGW18 A26
GW19*A5.28M ER62S-GA5.28 ER90S-G
Z3312 G55A0UM19 A26
TIG
Carbon steel use
GT50A5.18M ER48S-6A5.18 ER70S-6
Z3316 YGT50 A30
GT52TA5.18M ER48S-GA5.18 ER70S-G
— A30
GT60A5.28M ER55S-GA5.28 ER80S-G
— A31
Stainless Steel
GT308 A5.9 ER308 Z3321 YS308 C20
GT308L A5.9 ER308L Z3321 YS308L C21
GT309 A5.9 ER309 Z3321 YS309 C21
GT309L A5.9 ER309L Z3321 YS309L C22
GT310 A5.9 ER310 Z3321 YS310 C22
GT312 A5.9 ER312 Z3321 YS312 C23
GT316 A5.9 ER316 Z3321 YS316 C23
GT316L A5.9 ER316L Z3321 YS316L C24
GT347 A5.9 ER347 Z3321 YS347 C24
GT410 A5.9 ER410 Z3321 YS410 C25
GT430 A5.9 ER430 Z3321 YS430 C25
GT630 A5.9 ER630 — C26
TIG
Steel CategoryProduct
name(1)
Speci cation(2)
PageAWS JIS (3)
Nickel base alloys
GTN82 A5.14 ERNiCr-3 Z3334 YNiCr-3 E14
GTN625 A5.14ERNiCrMo-3 Z3334 YNiCrMo-3 E14
Welding wire / MIG
Stainless Steel
GM307 A5.9 ER307 — C20
GM308 A5.9 ER308 Z3321 YS308 C20
GM308L A5.9 ER308L Z3321 YS308L C21
GM309 A5.9 ER309 Z3321 YS309 C21
GM309L A5.9 ER309L Z3321 YS309L C22
GM310 A5.9 ER310 Z3321 YS310 C22
GM312 A5.9 ER312 Z3321 YS312 C23
GM316 A5.9 ER316 Z3321 YS316 C23
GM316L A5.9 ER316L Z3321 YS316L C24
GM347 A5.9 ER347 Z3321 YS347 C24
GM410 A5.9 ER410 Z3321 YS410 C25
Nickel base alloys
GMN82 A5.14 ERNiCr-3 Z3334 YNiCr-3 E14
GMN625 A5.14 ERNiCrMo-3 Z3334 YNiCrMo-3 E14
SAW / Flux
Carbon steel use
GA78×GS8 A5.17 F7A2-EL8 Z3183 S502-H A36
GA78×GS12K A5.17 F7A2-EM12K Z3183 S502-H A36
GA86×GS12K A5.17 F7A4-EM12K Z3183 S502-H A37
Pro
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Pro
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MA
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.TIG
wire
/rod
MA
G
.TIG
wire
/rod
14 15
SAW / Flux
Steel CategoryProduct
name(1)
Speci cation(2)
PageAWS JIS (3)
Stainless Steel
GS308/GS308L
A5.9 ER308A5.9 ER308L
Z3324 YS308Z3324 YS308L
C29
GS309/GS309L
A5.9 ER309A5.9 ER309L
Z3324 YS309Z3324 YS309L
C29
GS316/GS316L
A5.9 ER316A5.9 ER316L
Z3324 YS316Z3324 YS316L
C29
Flux Cored Wire / FCAW
Carbon steel use
GMX70A5.20M E490T-1C
A5.20 E70T-1CZ3313 T49J2T1-0CA-H10
A41
GMX71A5.20M E491T-1C
A5.20 E71T-1CZ3313 T49J2T1-1CA-H10
A42
GMX71MA5.20M E491T-1M
A5.20 E71T-1MZ3313 T49J2T1-1MA-H10
A43
GMX71NiA5.20M E491T-9C
A5.20 E71T-9C— A44
MXC76MA5.18M E48C-6MA5.18 E70C-6M
— A45
Stainless Steel
GMX308L A5.22 E308LT1-1 Z3323 TS308L-FC1 C32
GMX308L-O A5.22 E308LT0-3 Z3323 TS308L-FN0 C33
GMX309L A5.22 E309LT1-1 Z3323 TS309L-FC1 C34
GMX309L-O A5.22 E309LT0-3 Z3323 TS309L-FN0 C35
GMX309LMo A5.22 E309LMoT1-1 Z3323TS309LMo-FC1 C36
GMX316L A5.22 E316LT1-1 Z3323 TS316L-FC1 C37
Chromium – Molybdenum
(heat resistant use)Steel
GMX811A1A5.29M E551T1-A1C
A5.29 E81T1-A1C— B11
GMX811B2A5.29M E551T1-B2C
A5.29 E81T1-B2C— B12
GMX911B3A5.29M E621T1-B3C
A5.29 E91T1-B3C—
B13
Nickel Steel (low temperature
use)
GMX811Ni1A5.29M E551T1-Ni1C
A5.29 E81T1-Ni1C— B21
GMX811Ni2A5.29M E551T1-Ni2C
A5.29 E81T1-Ni2C— B22
GMX911Ni2A5.29M E621T1-Ni2C
A5.29 E91T1-Ni2C— B23
Flux Cored Wire / FCAW
Steel CategoryProduct
name(1)
Speci cation(2)
PageAWS JIS (3)
Weathering Steel GMX811W2A5.29M E551T1-W2C
A5.29 E81T1-W2C— B29
High Tensile and High Yield Strength Steel
GMX101K3A5.29M E691T1-K3CA5.29 E101T1-K3C
— B36
Strong impact resistant
MXW MANG1
— — D25
MXW MANG3
— — D26
Buffer layer and welding repairs
MXW BU-O — — D27
MXW BU-G — — D28
MXW K104-S
— — D29
Metal to metal abrasion resistant
MXW SUPER BU-G
— — D30
MXW BB-G — — D31
MXW 102-G — — D32
MXW K102-S — — D33
MXW K105-S — — D34
MXW K107-S — — D35
Pro
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Pro
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Flu
x C
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Wire
/ F
CA
W
SA
W /
Flu
x
16
Flux Cored Wire and Submerged arc welding wire / FCAW and SAW
Steel CategoryProduct
name(1)
Speci cation(2)
PageAWS JIS (3)
High temperature fatigue and corrosion resistant
GMX 410NiMo
— — D51
MXW K410NiMo-S
— — D52
MXW K420-S
— — D53
MXW K423-S
— — D54
Note :
1.Symbol "*"the classi cation of products is according to JIS and ISO.
2.Specications abbreviation :
CNS=Chinese National Standards
JIS=Japanese Industrial Standards
AWS=American Welding Society
The following speci cations abbreviation may be marked on the product packaging :
ASME=American Society of Mechanical Engineers
ABS=American Bureau of Shipping
CR=China Corporation Register of Shipping
LR=Lloyd's Register of Shipping
NK=Nippon Kaiji Kyokai
BV=Bureau Veritas
3. is de ned as the product meets the JIS speci cations, and obtain the permission of JIS
MARK.
Metal to sand abrasion resistant
MXW DD-G — — D36
MXW 969-G — — D37
MXW 969-O — — D38
MXW M7-G — — D39
MXW D — — D40
MXW R117 — — D41
Severe abrasion resistant
MXW R100 — — D42
MXW R101 — — D43
MXW R100D — — D44
MXWR100SHD
— — D45
MXW 62-O — — D46
MXW 63-O — — D47
MXW 65-O — — D48
MXW 66-O — — D49
MXW 70-O — — D50
Pro
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A2
For M
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Hig
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Stre
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Ste
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ater
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Gen
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Rev
iew
Materials General Review
Steels are categorized by the base of the amount of carbon content but not by silicon (Si), manganese (Mn) or other elements. If we review many different steel speci cations, we will see Si or Mn contents are much more than Carbon, but they are not used for steel categorizing, why?
As we know, almost of carbon (but may not be all) in steels are converted into Fe3C which is a very hard and high strength compound material we called it as cementite, the amount of cementite is the major factor to decide steel properties such as hardness and tensile strength.
Let us see the molecular Fe3C in detail, the atomic weight of C is 12 and the Fe is about 55.8, the weight of 3 Fe atoms plus 1 C atom is about 179.5, C occupies weight rate is only about 6.68%. In other words, the weight of 1 atom C can make 15 times weight of cementite. For 0.3% carbon steel as an example, suppose all 0.3% carbon is converted into Fe3C, the weight of Fe3C rate can be about 4.5%. Cementite weight ratio can vary 15 times by slightly varying of C content. This is a very important understanding to know why there is a big change of steel mechanical properties only by small amount change of C content.
In general, steels with C content ≦ 0.3% are mild or low carbon steels; > 0.3% but ≦ 0.5% are medium carbon steels; > 0.5% are high carbon steels.
The hardening of Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) is a major detriment factor to a weldment, and the degree of HAZ hardening tendency can be used to evaluate the weld ability of steel. It is not only affected by C content but also by Mn, Si and other elements those have different affection level as C does. The Carbon Equivalent is the summary of Carbon content plus other alloy elements each of those is divided by a speci c number due to different hardening affection level as compared to carbon. The higher the Carbon Equivalent, the poor the weld ability a steel is ( high possibility of cold cracking induced by high hardening tendency ), so it is a very common and useful data to determine whether a steel is easy or dif cult to weld and can be the welding control base to give necessary pre-heating and inter-pass temperature.
The Carbon Equivalent calculation formula is shown as following :Ceq.= C + Mn / 6 + Si / 24 + Ni / 40 + Cr / 5 + Mo / 4 + V / 1 4 (%) (JIS) orCeq.= C + Mn / 6+1/5 (Cr+Mo + V) + 1/15 ( Ni + Cu ) (IIW, International Welding Institute) ( % )
The value of Ceq., C, Mn, Si, Ni, Cr, Mo, V etc. are weight percentage of a steel.When Ceq. ≦ 0.4% and HV< 350, the steel has good weld ability and seldom
welding crack happened. It is absolute necessary to preheat before welding when Ceq and Hardness are over above values.
The relation between Ceq. and HAZ hardness can be approximately calculated by following formula :HV max = 1200 x Ceq - 200
For Mild & High Tensile Strength Steel Use
A3
The relationship between HAZ Max. Hardness and preheat / PWHT requirement
Remark: A proper preheat and PWHT for a weld can effectively prevent HAZ hardening which may induce cold crack. The above description is mainly to tell the important concept of Ceq. and the mentioned preheat / PWHT temperature is only for reference, all actual work shall consider the size and thickness of work to give necessary adjustment such as to increase preheat / PWHT temperature or extend holding time etc.
The followings are general notes in relation to preheat and inter-pass temperature:a. Nowadays the structure steel for common use is low carbon steel, the AWS D 1.1 (AWS
Structural Welding Code) Table 3.2 tells preheat and inter-pass temperature are mainly related with work thickness.
b. A steel which has very good weld ability when Ceq. ≦ 0.4%; the weld ability is getting a little bit poor when Ceq. 0.4% ~ 0.5%; Once Ceq. > 0.5%, the weld ability will be very poor.
c. The medium carbon content steels have Ceq. between 0.45 ~ 0.6%, if the work size is big, heavy thickness and complicated in shape, crack will be very easy to occur due to abnormal high residual stress. 250°C preheat and 650°C PWHT or full annealing are strongly recommend in welding these steels.
d. To weld medium or high carbon content steels, variables will include the work size, preheat / PWHT requirement, ller metal selection, etc.
Base metal may have excess phosphorous or sulfur content to have abnormal precipitation, it can induce hot cracking during welding, check material chemical analysis report in detail is strongly recommended before welding for determining right welding procedure.
Proper bevel angle and good t up gap for the before welding preparation will also be necessary to prevent other defects such as incomplete fusion, high stress restriction and cracking, etc.
HV Max. Hardness Preheat inter-pass and PWHT Temperature
≦ 200 Not necessary
201~ 250 Proper preheat recommended
251~ 325 Preheat over 150°C and 650°C PWHT
> 325 Preheat over 150°C and 650°C PWHT or full annealing
For M
ild &
Hig
h Te
nsile
Stre
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Ste
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seM
ater
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Gen
eral
Rev
iew
SMAW Electrodes
A5 A6
SMAW Welding Notes Welding Consumables Selection
AWS speci cation(A5.1) — E6010
E6011 E6013 E6019 E6027 E7016 E7018 E7024 E7028 E7048
JIS speci cation E4303 E4310E4311 E4313 E4319 E4327 E4916U
H10E4918H10 E4924 E4928U
H15E4948H10
Covered category lime-titania
high cellulose
potassium
high titania
potassiumilmenite
high iron
oxide, iron
powder
Low Hydrogen
Type
low-hydrogen
potassium, iron
powder
iron powder,titania
low-hydrogen
potassium, iron
powder
Low Hydrogen
Type
Welding performance
crack resistant ability ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ☆ ☆ ○ ◎ ☆
RT ray detection inspection
performance○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ☆ ☆ ○ ◎ ◎
Impact performance ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ☆ ☆ ○ ◎ ◎
Operation ability
welding positions
Flat position ☆ ○ ☆ ◎ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ —
Horizontal llet
position☆ ○ ☆ ◎ ☆ ○ ○ ☆ ☆ —
Vertical upward position
△ ○ ○ ◎ — ☆ ☆ — — —
Vertical downward
position— ☆ ◎ △ — — — — — ☆
Horizontal and
overhead position
△ ☆ ◎ ◎ — ○ ○ — — —
Bead appearance
Flat position ☆ △ ☆ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ ○ —
Horizontal llet
position☆ △ ☆ ○ ☆ ○ ○ ☆ ☆ —
Vertical, overhead
or horizontal position
△ ☆ ◎ ○ — ◎ ◎ — — ☆
penetration depth ○ ☆ △ ◎ △ ○ ○ △ △ ○
re-arc ability ☆ ☆ ☆ ○ ☆ — — ☆ ☆ △
welding spatter quantity ○ △ ◎ ○ ◎ ○ ○ ◎ ◎ ○
slag removal ability ☆ ○ ◎ ○ ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎ ◎ ☆
welding speed ◎ △ ○ ○ ◎ ○ ○ ◎ ◎ ☆
good for thin plate ◎ △ ☆ ○ △ △ △ △ △ △
Note: ☆: Excellent, ◎ : Good, ○ : Normal, △: Poor, —: NAThis information is for reference only, welcome to consult us if any further detail require
1. Keep electrodes in dry condition to prevent blow hole, coating damage, spatter increasing, poor arc re-starting ability, poor current standing ability and detrimental to weld metal mechanical properties, etc.
2. Electrodes’ baking condition shall follow the recommendation described in each product features of this catalogue. The baking temperature range is 70~100°C x 1 hr for mild steel electrodes and 300~350°C x1 hr for low hydrogen electrodes.
3. All base metal surface dirt, grease, rust etc., shall be full removed before welding in order to prevent diffusible hydrogen increasing and weld metal poor mechanical properties.
4. Proper grinding is necessary to remove surface scales and slag to smooth the coarsen trace on the base metal cutting edge.
5. Welding parameters such as current, voltage or heat input etc., shall follow the ranges described in Welding Procedure Specification but not over the manufacturer product recommended range.
6. Preheat inter pass temperature and PWHT can follow the reference in Materials General Review or related codes requirement.
7. Proper shelter and gas torch drying on base metal to remove moisture are necessary when welding in raining/windy environment.
8. Short arc technique is strongly recommended on welding low hydrogen electrodes. It can prevent nitrogen and oxygen from permeating into the arc which may cause blow holes. If weaving is necessary, the width shall be within 3 times of electrode diameter.
9. Most electrodes can be used for welding by AC and DC(±) polarity, but AC is most common.
10.The polarity illustration:
DCEP ( DC+ ): Electrode positive or DC reverse polarity (DCRP).DCEN ( DC– ): Electrode negative or DC straight polarity (DCSP).
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A7 A8
G03 AWS A5.1M E4313 / A5.1 E6013 (Similar)JIS Z 3211 E4303
NK32 AWS A5.1M E4313 / A5.1 E6013JIS Z 3211 E4303
Typical chemical composition of all weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn P S
0.07 0.29 0.47 0.018 0.011
Typical mechanical properties of all weld metal
Yield StrengthN/mm2
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
Impact value(-20°C) J
423 466 26 55
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters (A) AC or DC±
Diameter / Length 2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450
Flat position 80~100 100~140 150~200 230~280
Vertical / overhead position
70~90 90~130 120~170 170~220
Typical chemical composition of all weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn P S
0.07 0.27 0.46 0.016 0.013
Typical mechanical properties of all weld metal
Yield StrengthN/mm2
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
Impact value(-20°C) J
419 460 27 58
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters (A) AC or DC±
Diameter / Length 2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450
Flat position 80~100 100~140 150~200 230~280
Vertical / overhead position
70~90 90~130 120~170 170~220
G10 AWS A5.1M E4310 / A5.1 E6010JIS Z 3211 E4310
G11 AWS A5.1M E4311 / A5.1 E6011 JIS Z 3211 E4311
Typical chemical composition of all weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn P S
0.13 0.12 0.39 0.016 0.010
Typical mechanical properties of all weld metal
Yield StrengthN/mm2
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
Impact value(-30°C) J
429 498 28 57
Typical chemical composition of all weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn P S
0.09 0.10 0.39 0.018 0.012
Typical mechanical properties of all weld metal
Yield StrengthN/mm2
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
Impact value(-30°C) J
464 548 25 61
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters (A) DC+
Diameter / Length 2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/400
Flat position 60~90 70~110 110~150
Vertical / overhead position
50~80 60~100 100~140
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters (A) DC+
Diameter / Length 3.2/350 4.0/350 4.8/350
Flat position 70~110 110~150 160~210
Vertical / overhead position
60~100 100~140 150~200
Product Features:● Lime titanium oxide type covered
electrodes for mild steel.● Easy slag removal and re-arcing
property.● High current available for
increasing welding ef ciency.● Superior for at position.
Applications:● Suitable for moderate thickness
steel structures such as shipbuilding, truck frame, buildings, bridges, tanks, and other general structures.
Product Features:● Lime titanium oxide type covered
electrodes for mild steel.● Easy slag removal and re-arcing
property.● High current available for
increasing welding ef ciency.● Superior for at and llet horizontal
position.
Applications:● Suitable for moderate thickness
steel structures such as shipbuilding, truck frame, buildings, bridges, tanks, and other general structures.
Product Features:● High cellulose type covered
electrode for DC use. ● High arc penetration and
concentration.● Easy slag removal.● Fast solidi cation of weld metal,
good for narrow groove root pass.
Applications:● Suitable for moderate thickness
steel work one side butt joint high pressure piping root pass.
Product Features:● High cellulose type covered
electrode for mild steel. ● High arc penetration and
concentration.● Fast solidification of weld metal,
good for all positions in limited space and especially on vertical and overhead position.
Applications:● Suitable for moderate thickness
steel work one side butt joint root pass.
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◎ Note: Refer to page A6 welding note.
◎ Note: Refer to page A6 welding note.
◎ Note: Refer to page A6 welding note.
◎ Note: Refer to page A6 welding note.
A9 A10
G13 AWS A5.1M E4313 / A5.1 E6013 JIS Z 3211 E4313
Typical chemical composition of all weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn P S
0.05 0.29 0.28 0.019 0.010
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters (A) AC or DC±
Diameter / Length 2.0/300 2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/400
Flat position 50~70 60~90 100~130 150~180
Vertical / overhead position
45~60 60~70 90~120 130~160
Typical chemical composition of all weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn P S
0.07 0.26 0.37 0.014 0.010
Typical mechanical properties of all weld metal
Yield StrengthN/mm2
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
Impact value(0°C) J
453 479 28 70
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters (A) AC or DC±
Diameter / Length 2.0/300 2.6/350 3.2/350 4.0/400
Flat position 50~70 60~90 100~130 150~180
Vertical / overhead position
45~60 60~70 90~120 130~160
K120 AWS A5.1M E4313 / A5.1 E6013 JIS Z 3211 E4313
ND150L AWS A5.1M E4319 / A5.1 E6019 JIS Z 3211 E4319U
Typical chemical composition of all weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn P S
0.07 0.38 0.35 0.018 0.012
Typical mechanical properties of all weld metal
Yield StrengthN/mm2
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
Impact value(0°C) J
471 519 28 78
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters (A) AC or DC±
Diameter / Length 2.0/300 2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/400
Flat position 50~70 70~100 90~130 160~200
Vertical / overhead position
45~60 60~90 80~100 140~170
Typical chemical composition of all weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn P S
0.09 0.08 0.46 0.016 0.010
Typical mechanical properties of all weld metal
Yield StrengthN/mm2
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
Impact value(-20°C) J
439 475 29 82
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters (A) AC or DC±
Diameter / Length 2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450
Flat position 60~80 100~140 140~190 230~280
Vertical / overhead position
50~70 80~100 120~160 170~220
G13VD AWS A5.1M E4313 / A5.1 E6013 JIS Z 3211 E4313
Typical mechanical properties of all weld metal
Yield StrengthN/mm2
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
Impact value(0°C) J
433 474 27 67
Product Features:● High titanium oxide type covered
electrode for mild steel.● High arc stability and easy to re-
arc.● Easy slag removal in proper
current range.● Good bead appearance.● High welding performance and
no undercut occurred.
Applications:● Suitable for low current thin plates
welding.
Product Features:● High titanium oxide type covered
type electrode for mild steel. ● High arc stability and easy to re-
arc.● Easy slag removal in proper
current range.● Higher speed fusion rate to
improve deposition efficiency than other similar grade products.
● H igh cu r ren t ava i l ab le fo r increasing welding ef ciency.
Applications:● Suitable for thin plates, light
structure, vehicles and general iron ttings.
Product Features:● High titanium oxide type covered
electrode special for vertical downward position with strong arc force and good manipulation.
● Good bead appearance and easy slag removal for horizontal llet position.
● Good arc concentration and re-arcing property.
Applications:● Suitable for thin plates, light
structure,vehicles and general iron ttings.
Product Features:● Ilmenite type covered electrode
for mild steel is available to process full positions welding.
● Available for high current welding.● Good slag removal.● Good for RT examination, good
mechanical properties.
Applications:● Suitable for welding of thickness ≦20mm steel structures on shipbuilding,vehicles, buildings, bridges, tanks, pressure vessels and general mechanical structures.
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◎ Note: Refer to page A6 welding note.
◎ Note: Refer to page A6 welding note.
◎ Note: Refer to page A6 welding note.
◎ Note: Refer to page A6 welding note.
A11 A12
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters (A) AC or DC–
Diameter / Length5.0
550/7006.0
550/7006.4
550/700
Flat position 180~230 240~290 260~310
G27 AWS A5.1M E4327 / A5.1 E6027 JIS Z 3211 E4327
Typical chemical composition of all weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn P S
0.11 0.15 0.41 0.018 0.010
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters (A) AC or DC±
Diameter / Length 2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450
Flat position 60~80 100~140 140~190 230~280
Vertical / overhead position
50~70 80~100 120~160 170~220
Typical chemical composition of all weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn P S
0.06 0.049 0.96 0.03 0.01
Typical mechanical properties of all weld metal
Yield StrengthN/mm2
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
Impact value(-30°C) J
473 521 26 60
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters (A) AC or DC–
Diameter / Length5.0
550/7006.0
550/7006.4
550/700
Flat position 180~230 240~290 260~310
D200 AWS A5.1M E4319 / A5.1 E6019 JIS Z 3211 E4319U
Typical mechanical properties of all weld metal
Yield StrengthN/mm2
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
Impact value(-20°C) J
454 487 27 76
GL52 AWS A5.1M E4916 / A5.1 E7016 JIS Z 3211 E4916UH10
Typical chemical composition of all weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn P S
0.08 0.049 0.96 0.03 0.012
Typical mechanical properties of all weld metal
Yield StrengthN/mm2
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
Impact value(-30°C) J
473 521 26 60
Typical chemical composition of all weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn P S
0.08 0.46 0.91 0.019 0.009
Typical mechanical properties of all weld metal
Yield StrengthN/mm2
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
Impact value(-30°C) J
517 578 30 140
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters (A) AC or DC+
Diameter / Length
2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450 6.0/450
Flat position
70~100 100~140 140~190 220~300 280~340
Vertical / overhead position
60~90 80~110 120~160 160~200 —
EX7 AWS A5.1M E4327 / A5.1 E6027 JIS Z 3211 E4327
Product Features:● Ilmenite type covered electrode
for mild steel.● Available for all positions, good
crack and porosity resistance.● Easy slag removal. ● Good for RT examination, good
mechanical properties.● High arc concentration and good
bead appearance.
Applications:● Suitable for welding of thickness ≦20mm steel structures on shipbuilding,vehicles, buildings, bridges, tanks, pressure vessels and general mechanical structures.
Product Features:● Iron powder ferric oxide type
covered electrode for mild steel.● Good bead appearance and
easy slag removal.● High deposition ef ciency. ● Smooth llet appearance, no
surface undercut.● Suitable for gravity semi auto
welding, easy slag removal.
Applications:● Suitable for at position of Build-
up type steel beam and girder fabrication such as H beam or T bar.
Product Features:● High iron oxide type covered
electrode special for butt at and horizontal llet joint.
● Good arc stability and easy to re-arc.
● High deposition efficiency and less fume than other similar grade products.
● Smooth llet appearance and no surface undercut.
● Suitable for gravity semi auto welding, easy slag removal.
Applications:● Suitable for at position of Build-
up type steel beam and girder fabrication such as H beam or T bar.
Product Features:● Low hydrogen type covered
electrode for high tensile strength steel.
● Suitable for all positions.● Good for RT examination, good
mechanical properties.● Basic type slag, easy to remove.
Applications:● Suitable for welding of 490
N/mm2 high tensile strength low alloy steel structures on shipbuilding, buildings, bridges, machinery, heavy thickness steel castings and pressure vessels.
● Suitable for welding of moderate & high carbon contained steels.
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◎ Note: Refer to page A6 welding note.
◎ Note: Refer to page A6 welding note.
◎ Note: Refer to page A6 welding note.
◎ Note: 1.300~350°C x 1 hr baking prior to use.2.Refer to page A6 welding note.
A13 A14
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters (A) AC or DC+
Diameter / Length4.0450
5.0/5.5550/700
6.0550/700
6.4550/700
Flat position 160~200 200~240 250~280 280~310
GL24 AWS A5.1M E4924 / A5.1 E7024 JIS Z 3211 E4903
Typical chemical composition of all weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn P S
0.09 0.60 1.32 0.020 0.010
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters (A) AC or DC+
Diameter / Length 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450 6.0/450
Flat position 100~140 140~190 220~300 280~330
Vertical / overhead position
80~110 120~160 160~200 —
Typical chemical composition of all weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn P S
0.09 0.22 0.64 0.020 0.009
Typical mechanical properties of all weld metal
Yield StrengthN/mm2
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
Impact value(0°C) J
470 514 29 80
GL5218 AWS A5.1M E4918 / A5.1 E7018 JIS Z 3211 E4918H10
Typical mechanical properties of all weld metal
Yield StrengthN/mm2
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
Impact value(-30°C) J
569 638 27 88
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters (A) AC or DC±
Diameter / Length 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450
Flat position 85~140 130~190 150~220
Vertical / overhead position
60~120 100~160 120~180
GL5226 AWS A5.1M E4928 / A5.1 E7028 JIS Z 3211 E4928UH15
Typical chemical composition of all weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn P S
0.07 0.58 1.07 0.016 0.009
Typical mechanical properties of all weld metal
Yield StrengthN/mm2
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
Impact value(0°C) J
556 609 21 62
Typical chemical composition of all weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn P S
0.05 0.38 0.87 0.024 0.010
All weld metal mechanical properties (sample)
Yield StrengthN/mm2
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
Impact value(-20°C) J
496 540 26 53
GL524 AWS A5.1M E4924 / A5.1 E7024 JIS Z 3211 E4924
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters (A) AC or DC±
Diameter / Length4.0550
5.0550/700
6.0550/700
Flat position 160~190 210~250 280~320
Product Features:● Iron powder low hydrogen type
covered electrode for high tensile strength steel.
● Good for RT examination, good mechanical properties and good crack resistance.
● H igh weld ing per formance, low spatter loss and easy slag removal.
● Good manipulation in vertical position.
Applications:● Suitable for welding of 490
N/mm2 high tensile strength low alloy steel structures on shipbuilding, buildings, bridges, machinery, heavy thickness steel castings and pressure vessels.
● Suitable for welding of moderate & high carbon contained steels.
Product Features:● Iron powder Titanium oxide type
covered electrode for high tensile strength steel.
● High arc stability and easy to re-arc.
● High welding ef ciency and good manipulation ratio.
● Acid type slag, easy to remove.
Applications:● Suitable for welding of thickness ≦25mm, 490 N/mm2 high tensile strength steel structures on shipbuilding,vehicles, buildings, bridges, tanks, pressure vessels and general mechanical steel structures.
Product Features:● Iron powder Titanium oxide type
covered electrode for high tensile strength steel.
● High deposition efciency. ● Good bead appearance● Easy slag removal, easy re-arc
and good manipulation.● Suitable for gravity semi auto
welding, easy slag removal.
Applications:● Suitable for horizontal f i l let
position of Build-up type steel beam and girder fabrication such as H beam or T bar.
Product Features:● Iron powder contained available
for high deposition ef ciency.● Good bead appearance.● Good re-arcing property and
manipulation.● Suitable for gravity semi auto
welding, easy slag removal.● Available for high current welding.
Applications:● Suitable for horizontal llet
position of Build-up type steel beam and girder fabrication such as H beam or T bar.
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◎ Note: 1. 300~350°C x 1 hr baking prior to use.2. Refer to page A6 welding note.
◎ Note: 1. 100~150°C x 1 hr baking prior to use.2. Refer to page A6 welding note.
◎ Note: 1. 100~150°C x 1 hr baking prior to use.2. Refer to page A6 welding note.
◎ Note: 1. 100~150°C x 1 hr baking prior to use.2. Refer to page A6 welding note.
A15 A16
EX55V AWS A5.1M E4948 / A5.1 E7048 JIS Z 3211 E4948H10
Typical chemical composition of all weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn P S
0.05 0.38 0.87 0.024 0.010
Typical chemical composition of all weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn P S
0.09 0.42 0.79 0.019 0.009
Typical mechanical properties of all weld metal
Yield StrengthN/mm2
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
Impact value(-30°C) J
489 562 30 68
GL528 AWS A5.1M E4928 / A5.1 E7028 JIS Z 3211 E4928UH15
Typical mechanical properties of all weld metal
Yield StrengthN/mm2
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
Impact value(-30°C) J
496 540 26 61
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters (A) AC or DC+
Diameter / Length4.0450
5.0550/700
6.0550/700
6.4550/700
Flat position 160~200 200~240 250~280 280~310
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters (A) AC or DC+
Diameter / Length 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450
Flat position 110~140 170~190 240~280
GL60 AWS A5.5M E6216-G / A5.5 E9016-G JIS Z 3211 E5716H10
Typical chemical composition of all weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Ni
0.07 0.66 1.24 0.03
Typical mechanical properties of all weld metal
Yield StrengthN/mm2
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
Impact value(-20°C) J
558 623 28 170
Typical chemical composition of all weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Ni Mo
0.05 0.38 0.79 0.97 0.26
Typical mechanical properties of all weld metal
Yield StrengthN/mm2
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
Impact value(-20°C) J
588 665 27 110
GL55 AWS A5.5M E5516-G / A5.5 E8016-G JIS Z 3211 E5716H10
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters (A) AC or DC+
Diameter / Length 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450 6.0/450
Flat position 100~140 150~190 200~270 280~350
Vertical / overhead position
80~110 120~160 160~190 —
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters (A) AC or DC+
Diameter / Length 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450 6.0/450
Flat position 100~140 150~190 200~270 280~340
Vertical / overhead position
80~110 120~160 160~190 —
Product Features:● Iron powder contained available
for high deposition ef ciency.● Good bead appearance.● Good re-arcing property and
manipulation.● Suitable for gravity semi auto
welding, easy slag removal.● Available for high current welding.
Applications:● Suitable for horizontal llet
position of Build-up type steel beam and girder fabrication such as H beam or T bar.
Product Features:● Low hydrogen type covered
electrode for high tensile strength steel special in vertical downward position.
● Easy slag removal and good manipulation.
● Good bead appearance.● Good mechanical and crack
resistance properties.
Applications:● Suitable for vertical downward
steel structures on shipbuilding, bridge, steel structure and pressure vessels.
Product Features:● Low hydrogen type covered
electrode for 550 N/mm2 grade high tensile strength steel.
● Suitable for all positions.● Good for RT examination, good
mechanical properties.● Low hydrogen content in weld
metal, good crack resistance.
Applications:● Suitable for welding of 550 N/
mm2 high tensile strength steel main structures on buildings and pressure vessels.
Product Features:● Low hydrogen type covered
electrode for 620 N/mm2 grade high tensile strength steel.
● Suitable for all positions.● Good for RT examination, good
mechanical properties.● Low hydrogen content in weld
metal, good crack resistance.
Applications:● Suitable for welding of 620 N/
mm2 high tensile strength steel main structures on buildings and pressure vessels.
SM
AW
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Pro
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SM
AW
Ele
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Pro
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s In
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◎ Note: 1. 100~150°C x 1 hr baking prior to use.2. Refer to page A6 welding note.
◎ Note: 1. 300~350°C x 1 hr baking prior to use.2. Keep arc length as short as possible.3. Refer to page A6 welding note.
◎ Note: 1. 300~350°C x 1 hr baking prior to use. 2. Refer to page A6 welding note.
◎ Note: 1.300~350°C x 1 hr baking prior to use.2. Refer to page A6 welding note.
A17 A18
GL80 AWS A5.5M E7616-G / A5.5 E11016-G JIS Z3211 E7816-N4CM2
Typical chemical composition of all weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Ni Mo
0.07 0.47 1.18 0.95 0.47
Typical chemical composition of all weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Ni Cr Mo
0.07 0.59 1.54 1.97 0.28 0.41
GL70 AWS A5.5M E6916-G / A5.5 E10016-Gequal to JIS Z3211 E6916-N4M3
Typical mechanical properties of all weld metal
Yield StrengthN/mm2
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
677 724 24
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters (A) AC or DC+
Diameter / Length 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450 6.0/450
Flat position 100~140 150~190 200~270 280~340
Vertical / overhead position
80~110 120~160 160~190 —
Typical mechanical properties of all weld metal
Yield StrengthN/mm2
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
767 860 21
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters (A) AC or DC+
Diameter / Length 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450 6.0/450
Flat position 100~140 150~200 220~270 280~340
Vertical / overhead position
80~110 120~150 160~190 —
GL100 AWS A5.5M E8316-G / A5.5 E12016-G equal to JIS Z3211 E8318-N4C2M2
Typical mechanical properties of all weld metal
Yield StrengthN/mm2
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
821 899 21
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters (A) AC or DC+
Diameter / Length 2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450
Flat position 60~90 90~140 150~200 220~270
Vertical / overhead position
50~80 80~110 120~150 160~190
Typical chemical composition of all weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Ni Cr Mo
0.06 0.38 1.41 2.00 0.58 0.43
Product Features:● Low hydrogen type covered
electrode for 690 N/mm2 grade high tensile strength steel.
● Suitable for all positions. ● Good for RT examination, good
mechanical properties.● Low hydrogen content in weld
metal, good crack resistance.
Applications:● Suitable for welding 690 N/
mm2 high tensile strength steel structures on pressure vessels and steel constructions.
Product Features:● Low hydrogen type covered
electrode for 760 N/mm2 grade high tensile strength steel.
● Suitable for all positions.● Good for RT examination, good
mechanical properties.● Low hydrogen content in weld
metal, good crack resistance.
Applications:● Suitable for welding 760 N/
mm2 high tensile strength steel structures on pressure vessels and steel constructions.
Product Features:● Low hydrogen type covered
electrode for 830 N/mm2 grade high tensile strength steel.
● Suitable for all positions. ● Good for RT examination, good
mechanical properties.● Low hydrogen content in weld
metal, good crack resistance.
Applications:● Suitable for welding of 830
N/mm2 high tensile strength steel structures on pressure vessels and steel constructions.
SM
AW
Ele
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Pro
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SM
AW
Ele
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Pro
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◎ Note: 1. 300~350°C x 1 hr baking prior to use.2. Refer to page A6 welding note.
◎ Note: 1. 300~350°C x 1 hr baking prior to use.2. Refer to page A6 welding note.
◎ Note: 1. 300~350°C x 1 hr baking prior to use.2. Refer to page A6 welding note.
A20
Welding Consumables Selection
Product name
Shielding gas Property descriptionSpeci cation
AWS JIS
S-4CO2 or mixing gas
(note)
Better deoxidation effect than ER70S-3, no charpy impact requirement.
ER 70S-4 YGW 12
S-6CO2 or mixing gas
(note)
Available for single and multi-passes, good anti-rust capability, and good for high current welding.
ER 70S-6 YGW 12
S-GCO2 or mixing gas
(note)
Available for single and multi-passes, requirements are those agreed to by the purchaser and the supplier.
ER 70S-G YGW 11
GW11 CO2
Contain Ti (or Zr) deoxidation element, suitable for mild and 490MPa high strength steel high current welding.
— YGW 11
GW12 CO2
Suitable for mild and 490MPa high strength steel, low current, thin plate and full position welding.
— YGW 12
GW15 80%Ar+20%CO2
Contain Ti (or Zr) deoxidation element, suitable for mild and 490MPa high strength steel high current welding.
— YGW 15
GW16 80%Ar+20%CO2
Suitable for mild and 490MPa high strength steel, low current, thin plate and full position welding.
— YGW 16
GW18 CO2
Contain Mo and Ti (or Zr) deoxidation element, suitable for high current high heat input welding, better mechanical properties than YGW11.
ER 90S-G YGW 18
GW19 80%Ar+20%CO2
Contain Mo and Ti (or Zr) deoxidation element, suitable for high current high heat input welding, better mechanical properties than YGW15.
ER 90S-G YGW 19
Note : when using Ar+CO2 mixing gas, Si and Mn content of weld metal will be increased by Ar increasing.
MAG wire
MA
G
.MIG
wire
/rod
W
eldi
ng C
onsu
mab
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Sel
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A21 A22
Welding Notes
1. The following shielding gases are commonly applied on GMAW :CO2, Ar + CO2 & Ar + O2 , etc.
2. Shielding gas ow rate: 20 ~ 25 L/min.3. Proper shelter is necessary on windy area to prevent air (O2 & N2) trapping into arc and
melting pool.4. Ventilation is absolutely necessary when welding inside a limited or restricted partition.5. Keep welding wire in dry condition even there is an anti rust cooper coated lm on wire
surface.6. Shielding gas regulator, wire feeder, welding equipment, and other related accessories
shall be function checked carefully before welding to prevent abnormal defects occurred.7. Gas mixing rate will affect welding results (Weld metal properties such as tensile strength
and toughness may be changed from one mixing rate of shielding gas to another). The mixing rate shall be speci ed for keeping a constant supply during welding.
8. Vertical and overhead positions are not recommended on main structural parts.9. The following diagram is showing how to select arc transfer mode within the suitable
corresponding welding current range.
Note: the welding current and voltage will affect the arc transfer mode.
10.The referenced welding parameters are as follows :
11.The difference between MIG and MAGMAG: A variation of GMAW, shielding gas can be CO2 , Ar +CO2 or Ar+O2
MIG: A variation of GMAW, shielding gas is 100% inert gas such as Argon or helium or Ar + He
12.The polarity illustration:DCEP ( DC+ ): Electrode positive or DC reverse polarity (DCRP).DCEN ( DC– ): Electrode negative or DC straight polarity (DCSP).
Wire size (mm) Welding Current (A) Welding Voltage (V)
0.6 40 – 80 12 – 18
0.8 60 – 160 15 – 23
0.9 60 – 200 19 – 27
1.0 80 – 230 19 – 29
1.2 120 – 350 20 – 34
1.4 240 – 380 26 – 38
1.6 260 – 450 28 – 40
MA
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wire
/rod
W
eldi
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otes
MA
G
.MIG
wire
/rod
W
eldi
ng N
otes
Arc voltage
Short circuitarc area
Short circuit & globular transfer arc lap area
Globular transferarc area
Weld wire dia. (mm)
Plate thickness
Welding current
A23 A24
S-4 GW16 AWS A5.18M ER48S-4 / A5.18 ER70S-4JIS Z 3312 YGW16
Typical chemical composition of wire (%)
C Si Mn P S Ti
0.07 0.80 1.54 0.025 0.013 Bal.
Typical mechanical properties of all weld metal
Yield StrengthN/mm2
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
Impact value(-30°C) J
505 582 30 81
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters (A) DC+
Diameter 1.2 1.4 1.6
Flat position 120~350 240~380 260~450
Horizontal llet position
120~350 240~380 260~450
Shielding Gas CO2
Typical chemical composition of wire (%)
C Si Mn P S
0.06 0.81 1.49 0.021 0.023
Typical mechanical properties of all weld metal
Yield StrengthN/mm2
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
Impact value(0°C) J
473 567 27 84
S-G AWS A5.18M ER48S-G / A5.18 ER70S-GJIS Z 3312 YGW11
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters (A) DC+
Diameter 0.9 1.0 1.2
Flat position 60~200 80~230 120~350
Vertical position 60~100 80~180 120~150
Shielding Gas CO2
GW11 AWS A5.18M ER48S-G / A5.18 ER70S-GJIS Z 3312 YGW11
S-6 AWS A5.18M ER48S-6 / A5.18 ER70S-6JIS Z 3312 YGW12
Typical mechanical properties of all weld metal
Yield StrengthN/mm2
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
Impact value(-30°C) J
527 594 28 135
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters (A) DC+
Diameter 1.2 1.4 1.6
Flat position 120~350 240-380 260~450
Horizontal llet position
120~350 240-380 260~450
Shielding Gas CO2
Typical chemical composition of wire (%)
C Si Mn P S
0.08 0.90 1.50 0.016 0.006
Typical mechanical properties of all weld metal
Yield StrengthN/mm2
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
Impact value(-30°C) J
485 570 28 62
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters (A) DC+
Diameter 0.8/0.9 1.0 1.2 1.6
Flat position 60~200 80~230 120~350 260~400
Vertical position 60~100 80~180 120~150 —
Shielding Gas CO2
Typical chemical composition of wire (%)
C Si Mn P S Ti+Zr
0.07 0.89 1.60 0.020 0.025 0.2
Product Features:● Suitable for welding of mild and
490 N/mm2 grade high tensile strength steel.
● Ti element contained in wire for improving oxidation resistance, less spatter loss.
● High welding performance, suitable for high current welding.
● High welding speed, deep penetration and high welding ef ciency.
Applications:● Suitable for welding of mild and
490 N/mm2 high tensile strength steel structures on vehicles, machinery, bridges, pressure vessels and shipbuilding.
Product Features:● Suitable for welding of mild and
490 N/mm2 grade high tensile strength steel.
● Suitable for thin plate and all positions.
● High welding performance.● Available for low to moderate
current range, good arc stability, less spatter loss and good bead appearance.
Applications:● Suitable for welding of mild and
490 N/mm2 grade high tensile strength steel structures on vehicles, general electrical, light steel, pipe, steel constructions, bridge and shipbuilding.
Product Features:● Suitable for welding of mild and
490 N/mm2 high tensile strength steel.
● Suitable for thin plate and all position welding.
● Higher Si and Mn elements contained in wire for improving oxidation resistance capability.
Applications:● Suitable for welding of mild and
490 N/mm2 grade high tensile strength steel structures on vehicles, general electrical, light steel, pipe, steel constructions, bridge and shipbuilding.
Product Features:● Suitable for welding of mild and
490 N/mm2 high tensile strength steel.
● Ti element contained in wire for improving oxidation resistance capability ,less spatter loss.
● High welding performance, suitable for high current welding.
● High welding speed, deep penetration and high welding ef ciency.
Applications:● Suitable for welding of mild and
490 N/mm2 grade high tensile strength steel structures on vehicles, general electrical, light steel, pipe, steel constructions, bridge and shipbuilding.
MA
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wire
/rod
MA
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wire
/rod
Pro
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Pro
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s In
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◎ Note: Refer to page A21 welding note.
◎ Note: 1. Refer to page A21 welding note.2. Not recommend for vertical position (upward
and downward) on structure parts.
◎ Note: 1. Refer to page A21 welding note.2. Not recommend for vertical position (upward
and downward) on structure parts.
◎ Note: Refer to page A21 welding note.
A25 A26
GW15 JIS Z 3312 YGW15
Typical chemical composition of wire (%)
C Si Mn P S
0.07 0.86 1.51 0.015 0.018
Typical mechanical properties of all weld metal
Yield StrengthN/mm2
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
Impact value(-30°C) J
465 570 28 62
Typical chemical composition of wire (%)
C Si Mn P S
0.06 0.59 1.45 0.004 0.022
Typical mechanical properties of all weld metal
Yield StrengthN/mm2
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
Impact value(-20°C) J
475 545 30.4 145
GW12 AWS A5.18M ER48S-6 / A5.18 ER70S-6JIS Z 3312 YGW12
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters (A) DC+
Diameter 0.9 1.0 1.2
Flat position 60~200 80~230 120~350
Vertical position 60~100 80~180 120~150
Shielding Gas mixed gas
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters (A) DC+
Diameter 0.8/0.9 1.0 1.2 1.6
Flat position 60~200 80~230 120~350 260~400
Vertical position 60~100 80~180 120~150 —
Shielding Gas CO2
GW19 AWS A5.28M ER62S-G / A5.28 ER90S-GJIS Z 3312 G55A0UM19
GW18 AWS A5.28M ER62S-G / A5.28 ER90S-GJIS Z 3312 YGW18
Typical mechanical properties of all weld metal
Yield StrengthN/mm2
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
Impact value(-30°C) J
703 775 22.4 87
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters (A) DC+
Diameter 1.2 1.4 1.6
Flat position 120~350 240~380 260~450
Horizontal llet position
120~350 240~380 260~450
Shielding Gas mixed gas
Typical chemical composition of wire (%)
C Si Mn Mo Ti
0.08 0.88 1.63 0.16 a little
Typical mechanical properties of all weld metal
Yield StrengthN/mm2
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
Impact value(0°C) J
647 704 22.4 157
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters (A) DC+
Diameter 1.2 1.4 1.6
Flat position 120~350 240-380 260~450
Horizontal llet position
120~350 240-380 260~450
Shielding Gas CO2
Typical chemical composition of wire (%)
C Si Mn Mo Ti
0.08 0.70 1.81 0.16 a little
Product Features:● Suitable for welding of mild and
490 N/mm2 high tensile strength steel.
● Suitable for thin plate and all positions welding.
● Higher Si and Mn elements contained in wire for improving oxidation resistance capability.
Applications:● Suitable for welding of mild and
490 N/mm2 grade high tensile strength steel structures on vehicles, general electrical, light steel, pipe, steel structure, bridge and shipbuilding.
Product Features:● Suitable for welding of mild and
490 N/mm2 grade high tensile strength steel.
● Avai lable for wider welding current range.
● Good arc stability, low spatter loss and good bead appearance even in very low welding current.
Applications:● Suitable for welding of mild and
490 N/mm2 grade high tensile strength steel structures on vehicles, general electrical, light steel, pipe, steel structure, bridge and shipbuilding.
Product Features:● Suitable for welding of 620 N/
mm2 grade high tensile strength steel.
● Good for high heat input welding.● Good mechanical properties.● Ti element contained for
improving oxidation resistance, less spatter loss.
Applications:● Suitable for welding of 620 N/
mm2 grade high tensile strength steel structures on vehicles, light steel, pipe, steel structure, bridge and shipbuilding.
Product Features:● Suitable for welding of 620 N/
mm2 grade high tensile strength steel.
● Good for higher heat input welding.
● Good mechanical properties.● Ti element contained for
improving oxidation resistance, less spatter loss.
Applications:● Suitable for welding of 620 N/
mm2 grade high tensile strength steel structures on vehicles, light steel, pipe, steel structure, bridge and shipbuilding.
MA
G
.MIG
wire
/rod
MA
G
.MIG
wire
/rod
Pro
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s In
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uctio
n
Pro
duct
s In
trod
uctio
n
◎ Note: 1. Refer to page A21 welding note.2. Not recommend for vertical position (upward
and downward) on structure parts.
◎ Note: 1. Typical all weld metal mechanical properties obtained from 80%Ar+20%CO2 shielding gas welding test.
2. Refer to page A21 welding note.3. Not recommend for vertical position(upward and
downward) on structure parts.
◎ Note: Refer to page A21 welding note.
◎ Note: 1. Typical all weld metal mechanical properties obtained from 80%Ar+20%CO2 shielding gas welding test.
2. .Refer to page A21 welding note.
A27
The classi cation level of GW18 & GW19
From reviewing the above testing data, it is obvious to see how the heat input and interpass temperature impact the welding result (weld metal mechanical properties). The above testing results also tells us to get an ideal weld metal strength is not only on selecting the right ller metal but also how to control the welding parameters (to follow a quali ed welding procedure shall be absolutely necessary).
Applicable Steel Grade
Wire TypeWelding Condition
Heat Input KJ/cm Interpass Temperature°C
Grade 400MPa YGW11, 15, 18, 1915~40 ≦350
15~30 ≦150
Grade 490MPaYGW11, 15 15~30 ≦250
YGW18, 19 15~40 ≦350
Grade 520MPa YGW18, 19 15~30 ≦250
Single Beveled Joint Testing (Sample from GW18)
Yield StrengthN/mm2
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
Toughness (Charpy Impact Values)(0°C)J
Heat Input KJ / cm
Interpass Temperature
509 621 26.2 122 40 350°C
MA
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Th
e cla
ssi c
atio
n le
vel o
f GW
18 &
GW
19
Some users may feel strange and be interesting in products of GW18 and GW19 (JIS 3312 YGW18 & YGW19). Users may nd the classication level is different between AWS and JIS of these two products. According to values of mechanical properties, these two products can be applied to higher strength than traditional high strength steels on AWS classication base.
These two classes of wires were developed in Japan based on the Hanshin and Earthquake experience. To improve the strength of box column or beam joints (building structure) can improve structure member earthquake resistance level. The mechanical properties are mainly affected by weld metal and the weld metal will be mainly affected by welding parameters such as heat input, preheat and interpass temperature etc. Most of steel structure welding usually applies high heat input such as increasing welding current and keeping high inter pass temperature (less waiting time for cooling) to improve efficiency; however, this method will induce coarsen grain structure in weld metal and cause detrimental mechanical properties (decreasing strength and toughness in weld metal). Heat input and inter pass temperature are absolute essential control parameters for getting good results to satisfy related code requirement.
After a long discussion and research among Japanese Architecture Society and construction companies, new welding wires (filler metals) were developed and new construction standard was issued in which the weld metal can stand not only high heat input and high inter pass temperature but also meets required mechanical properties. JIS made a revision to incorporate these welding materials consequently. GW18 and GW19 were produced in accordance with JIS revised classications and are currently national standard welding ller metals. These wires are designed so that the weld metal can meet 490MPa strength requirement with high heat input and high interpass temperature (350C max.). These wires also can weld higher than traditional high strength grade steels from decreasing heat input and lowering interpass temperature in order to get higher strength weld metals.
TIG rod
A29 A30
GTAW is a full position welding process, which can produce and keep high stable arc and produces high quality and good appearance weld metal without spatter occurred. This low heat input welding process is widely applied on thin work piece or high quality required heavy work piece and pipe joint root pass.
Welding notes :1. Welding Electrode (Tungsten)
DC– is strongly recommended (Electrode negative can stand much higher welding current than positive).
2. Shielding GasArgon is a much commercialized type of gas. High purity Argon is recommended to prevent defects such as pits or blow holes.Proper ow rate : 12~18L/min ( indoor area); 15~20 L/min. with proper shelter to prevent air trapping into the arc and weld pool (outdoor area). Te on hose or steel pipe is preferred for long distance supply (easy to trap moisture by rubber or nylon hose ).
3. Tungsten typeRecommend 1~2% Thorium element Tungsten electrode on DC current. Tip end to be proper ground irregularly to keep good arc concentration ability. (Tip end is easy burned from arc heat.).
4. Tungsten electrode stick outNormal: 4-5mm with arc length 1-3mm Special: 5-6mm with arc length 2-3mm (deep groove pass)
5. Base metal cleaningSurface dirt, scale, grease and moisture to be completely removed before welding.
6. Wind ProtectionRecommend proper protection from wind for outdoor welding.
7. Polarity illustrationDCEP ( DC+ ): Electrode positive or DC reverse polarity (DCRP).DCEN ( DC– ): Electrode negative or DC straight polarity (DCSP).
GT52T AWS A5.18M ER48S-G A5.18 ER70S-G
Typical chemical composition of rod (wt%)
C Si Mn P S
0.07 0.86 1.51 0.015 0.018
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Yield StrengthN/mm2
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
Impact value(-20°C) J
493 567 27.0 147
Size(mm) and recommended shielding gas
Diameter 1.6 2.0 2.4 3.2
Length 1000 1000 1000 1000
Shielding Gas Ar
Typical chemical composition of rod (wt%)
C Si Mn P S Ti
0.07 0.80 1.54 0.025 0.013 0.18
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Yield StrengthN/mm2
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
Impact value(-20°C) J
460 560 30.0 110
GT50 AWS A5.18M ER48S-6 / A5.18 ER70S-6JIS Z 3316 YGT50
Size(mm) and recommended shielding gas
Diameter 1.6 2.0 2.4 3.2
Length 1000 1000 1000 1000
Shielding Gas Ar
General Description and Welding Notes
Product Features:● GTAW (TIG) wire available for
welding of mild and 490 N/mm2 high tensile strength steel.
● Good low temperature impact toughness, suitable for welding of all positions pipe joint root pass and thin plates.
● Shielding gas: Argon (Ar), DC– polarity.
Applications:● Suitable for all kinds of mild and
high strength steel structures.
Product Features:● GTAW (TIG) wire available for
welding of mild and 490 N/mm2
high tensile strength steel. ● Good low temperature impact
toughness, suitable for welding of all positions pipe joint root pass and thin plates.
● Ti element contained for improving de-oxidation capability, getting ne grain and good mechanical properties of weld metal
Applications:● Suitable for all kinds of mild and
high strength steel structures.
TIG
rod
TIG
rod
Pro
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s In
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Gen
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Des
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tion
and
Wel
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Not
es
◎ Note: Refer to page A33 Carbon steel TIG Welding (General Description and Welding Notes).
◎ Note: Refer to page A33 Carbon steel TIG Welding (General Description and Welding Notes).
A31
Typical chemical composition of rod (wt%)
C Si Mn Mo Ti
0.08 0.88 1.63 0.16 0.2
GT60 AWS A5.28M ER55S-GA5.28 ER80S-G
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Yield StrengthN/mm2
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
Impact value(-30°C) J
517 610 26.0 95
Size(mm) and recommended shielding gas
Diameter 1.6 2.0 2.4 3.2
Length 1000 1000 1000 1000
Shielding Gas Ar
Product Features:● GTAW (TIG) wire for welding of
550 N/mm2 grade high tensile strength steel.
● Good low temperature impact toughness, suitable for welding of all positions pipe joint root pass and thin plates.
● Ti element contained for improving de-oxidation capability.
Applications:● Suitable for welding of high
tensile strength Mn-Mo & Mn-Mo-Ni Steel.
TIG
rod
P
rodu
cts
Intr
oduc
tion
SAW Wire / Flux
◎ Note: Refer to page A33 Carbon steel TIG Welding (General Description and Welding Notes).
A33 A34
Welding notes
1. Joint DesignDifferent root gap, root face and beveled angle will affect SAW welding result extensively such as penetration problem or over heating to the weldment. correct joint design for SAW acts as a more important role than other welding processes.
The effects of different Joint Design to the dilution of ller metal and base metal
2. Flux scattered amount and re-use of unconsumed ux Heavy flux scattered will cause poor bead appearance. The proper amount of flux scattered on welding joint is that a very slight trace of arc light can be seen during welding. Unused and returned ux shall be mixed with new ux at least 50% for reusing.
3. Flux mesh selectionFlux mesh is another important factor to affect welding result. Incorrect selection will cause surface pits or other defects. Usually, the higher the welding current range is, the bigger the mesh shall be in correspondence with and the vise versus.
4. Welding ParametersWelding parameters listed in WPS (Welding Procedure Specification) such as wire size, welding current range, voltage range and welding speed range etc. shall be totally followed.
5. Flux storage and baking requirement before usingFlux shall be stored in dry and good ventilation area. For getting a good quality result, the ux shall be baked to 250 ~ 350°C x1 hr before using.
80% Base Metal
20% Filler Metal
50% Base Metal
50% Filler Metal
10% Base Metal
90% Filler Metal
Welding Consumables Selection
Product name Speci cation Property description
GA78×GS8 F7A2-EL8
Agglomerated type ux combined with EL8 wire, suitable for single and multipass welding, single or dual wire, high welding current performance, good bead appearance and easy slag removal.
GA78×GS12K F7A2-EM12K
Agglomerated type ux combined with EM12K wire, suitable for single and multipass welding, single or dual wire, high welding current, good anti-crack performance and good for RT examination.
GA86×GS12K F7A4-EM12K
Agglomerated type ux, suitable for single and multipass welding, good mechanical properties especially on Charpy impact toughness, low blow hole occurred.
wire diameter
(mm)
Wire stick out
(mm)
Voltage (V)
Wireconsumption
rate
Current (A)
200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200
2.4 25~30 18~25 kg/hr 3.6 6.4 9.8 13.9
2.8 25~30 20~28 kg/hr 7.5 10.8 15.1 19.9
3.2 25~30 23~30 kg/hr 6.5 9.4 12.8 16.7 20.8
4.0 25~30 25~32 kg/hr 8.3 11.2 14.5 17.7 21.5
4.8 25~30 28~36 kg/hr 10.1 12.8 15.5 18.5 21.4 24.9
5.6 25~30 30~38 kg/hr 12.6 14.9 17.5 20.6 23.4 26.4
SA
W W
ire /
Flu
x
SA
W W
ire /
Flu
x
Wel
ding
not
es
Wel
ding
Con
sum
able
s S
elec
tion
Recommended welding parameters : [GA78×GS8, GA78×GS12K, GA86×GS12K]
A35 A36
6. Wire stick outStandard wire stick out: 25~30 mm.The following sketch refers the relation between stick out and penetration depth. Increasing stick out can increase deposition rate but may cause incomplete fusion (lack of penetration).
7. Welding Current and Welding Voltage
See page A37, the recommended welding parameter table. The following 2 sketches are showing how the variation of welding current or welding voltage to change the weld pro le (Wire Size for testing: 4.0 mm).
8. Polarity illustrationDCEP ( DC+ ): Electrode positive or DC reverse polarity (DCRP).DCEN ( DC– ): Electrode negative or DC straight polarity (DCSP).
Wire Stick Out
Welding Voltage xedWelding Current (A)
Welding Current xedVoltage (V)
GA78×GS-12K AWS A5.17 F7A2-EM12KJIS Z 3183 S502-H
GA78×GS-8 AWS A5.17 F7A2-EL8JIS Z 3183 S502-H
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Yield StrengthN/mm2
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
Impact value(-30°C) J
432 485 32 41.5
Typical practice
Base material Thickness mm Welding process
A572 25Groove weld with backing single electrode multiple-
pass welding
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn P S
0.04 0.19 1.14 0.024 0.011
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn P S
0.05 0.58 1.71 0.023 0.015
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Yield StrengthN/mm2
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
Impact value(-30°C) J
497 570 28 53.8
Typical practice
Base material Thickness mm Welding process
A572 25Groove weld with backing single electrode multiple-
pass welding
Product Features:● Submerged arc welding wires for
mild steel and 490 N/mm2 high tensile strength steel.
● Good porosity and crack resistance.
● Good bead appearance and easy slag removal.
Applications:● Suitable for single or multiple
pass(es) welding of mild and 50 Kg/mm2 high tensile Strength steel structures on shipbuilding, machinery, bridges and general structures.
Product Features:● Submerged arc welding wires for
mild and 490 N/mm2 high tensile strength steel.
● Good porosity resistance and crack resistance.
● High welding performance, easy slag removal, good bead appearance and less fume.
Applications:● Suitable for single or multiple
pass(es) welding of mild and 50 Kg/mm2 high tensile Strength steel structures on shipbuilding, machinery, bridges and general structures.
SA
W W
ire /
Flu
x
SA
W W
ire /
Flu
x
Pro
duct
s In
trod
uctio
n
Wel
ding
not
es
◎ Note: refer to page A38 SAW welding notes.
◎ Note: refer to page A38 SAW welding notes.
A37
GA86×GS-12K AWS A5.17 F7A4-EM12KJIS Z 3183 S502-H
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn P S
0.07 0.57 1.55 0.025 0.023
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Yield StrengthN/mm2
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
Impact value(-40°C) J
472 539 30 34
Typical practice
Base material Plate thickness Welding Process
A572 25Groove weld with backing single electrode multiple-
pass welding
Product Features:● Good impact toughness and
crack resistance property.● High welding performance, easy
slag removal.
Applications:● Suitable for single or multiple
pass(es) welding of 490 N/mm2 h igh tens i le St rength s tee l structures on oil rig, shipbuilding, pressure vessels and general structures.
Flux Cored Wire (FCW)
SA
W W
ire /
Flu
xP
rodu
cts
Intr
oduc
tion
◎ Note: refer to page A38 SAW welding notes.
A39 A40
Welding Consumables Selection
Recommended welding parameters
Welding Notes
GOODWELD produces two types of High Tensile Strength Steels using FCAW wire. One is GMX which is ux cored type and the other is MXC which is composite type
with metal cored. Both types can use either CO2 or CO2 + Ar as shielding gas.The characteristics are described as follows:
GMX type :It is a slag type FCAW wire. Almost flux is converted into slag through welding
operation, high performance characteristics ability such as arc stable and low welding spatter, easy slag removal and good bead appearance no matter CO2 or CO2 + Ar is used as shielding gas. It is suitable for full positions welding.
MXC type :It is a non slag composite type metal cored wire with high deposition ef ciency; it has
similar high performance characteristics ability such as arc stable and low welding spatter as GMX type wire especially when mixing gas is used. Like solid wire, a slight amount of slag is produced after welding but it is more easy to remove. The application is similar to solid wire, suitable for all thickness steels and good for at and horizontal positions.
Deposition RateFor comparing similar mechanical level welding materials, flux cored wire not only
has the deposition rate 1~5 times higher than traditional coated electrodes and 10~20% higher than solid wires, with lower spatters. It is widely preferred by welders.
The following welding notes are references for ux cored wire welding :1. Flux cored wire is more soft than solid wire; proper adjustment of wire feed roller
pressure is necessary and important for preventing wire deformation or damage to cause unstable feeding.
2. Backhand welding technique is recommended for heavy work root pass to get good penetration. Forehand welding technique is recommended for thin work or when appearance is important.
3. Vertical downward position is not recommended for heavy work root pass. 4. Welding parameters listed in WPS shall be followed but the range shall be limited to the
product recommended range so as to prevent hot cracking. 5. The selection of proper wire size should be in accordance with work size.6. The polarity illustration :
DCEP ( DC+ ): Electrode positive or DC reverse polarity.DCEN ( DC– ): Electrode negative or DC straight polarity.
Product name Speci cation Characteristic description
GMX70 E70T-1CCO2, DC+, high deposition rate titania type, only for at and horizontal llet welding positions.
GMX71 E71T-1C CO2 , DC+, titania type, good for full positions.
GMX71M E71T-1M(75~80%Ar+20~25%CO2) mixing gas, DC+, titania type, good for full positions.
GMX71Ni E71T-9CCO2 , DC+, titania type, good for full positions (less than 1.6mm).
MXC76M E70C-6M(75~80%Ar+20~25%CO2) mixing gas, DC+, composite type, good for at and horizontal llet welding positions.
Wire diameter (mm) Current (A) Voltage(V) Wire stick out (mm)
1.2 120~350 20~30
20~251.4 160~380 22~34
1.6 200~450 24~36
Gas S
hielde
d Ty
pe F
lux C
ored
Wire
(FC
AW)
Gas S
hielde
d Ty
pe F
lux C
ored
Wire
(FC
AW)
We
ldin
g N
ote
s
Wel
ding
Con
sum
able
s S
elec
tion
A41 A42
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Yield StrengthN/mm2
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
Impact value(-20°C) J
551 589 26 33
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn P S
0.04 0.45 1.45 0.020 0.012
Welding parameters
Diameter (mm) 1.2 1.4 1.6
Polarity DC+ DC+ DC+
Ampere (A)Flat, horizontal llet and
horizontal position120~350 160-380 200~450
Shielding Gas CO2 CO2 CO2
GMX 70 AWS A5.20M E490T-1CA5.20 E70T-1C
JIS Z3313 T49J2T1-0CA- H10 GMX 71 AWS A5.20M E491T-1CA5.20 E71T-1C
JIS Z3313 T49J2T1-1CA- H10
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Yield StrengthN/mm2
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
Impact value(-20°C) J
555 592 26 59
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn P S
0.04 0.40 1.33 0.020 0.010
Welding parameters
Diameter (mm) 1.2 1.4 1.6
Polarity DC+ DC+ DC+
Ampere (A)
Flat, horizontal position 120~350 160-380 200~450
Vertical upward position 120~250 150-260 180~280
Vertical downward position
200~280 220-280 250~280
Shielding Gas CO2 CO2 CO2
Product Features:● High titania oxide type flux cored arc
welding wire, high deposition ef ciency.● High deposition efficiency and Deep
penetration, suitable for flat butt and horizontal llet welding.
● Good crack resistance and mechanical properties.
● Good arc stability, less spatter loss. ● Easy slag removal.
Applications:● Suitable for welding of mild and 490 N/
mm2 high tensile strength steel structures on shipbui lding, bui ldings, bridges, machinery, heavy thickness steel castings and pressure vessels.
Product Features:● Titania oxide type CO2 Gas shield flux
cored arc welding wire.● Good bead appearance.● Good crack resistance and mechanical
properties.● Good arc stability, less spatter loss and
easy slag removal.
Applications:● Suitable for welding of mild and 490 N/
mm2 high tensile strength steel structures on shipbuilding, buildings, bridges, machinery, heavy thickness steel castings and pressure vessels.
Gas S
hielde
d Ty
pe F
lux C
ored
Wire
(FC
AW)
Gas S
hielde
d Ty
pe F
lux C
ored
Wire
(FC
AW)
Pro
duct
s In
trod
uctio
n
Pro
duct
s In
trod
uctio
n
◎ Note: 1. Wire extension : 15~25mm (standard range). 2. Shielding gas ow rate : 20~25 L/min. 3. Refer to page A40 FCW welding notes.
◎ Note: 1. Wire extension : 15~25mm (standard range).2. Shielding gas ow rate : 20~25 L/min. 3. Refer to page A40 FCW welding notes.
A43 A44
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Yield StrengthN/mm2
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
Impact value(-20°C) J
560 591 28.4 71
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn P S
0.04 0.35 1.28 0.020 0.010
GMX 71M AWS A5.20M E491T-1MA5.20 E71T-1M
JIS Z3313 T49J2T1-1MA-H10
Welding parameters
Diameter (mm) 1.2 1.6
Polarity DC+ DC+
Ampere (A)
Flat, horizontal position 120~350 200~450
Vertical upward position 120~250 180~280
Vertical downward position
200~280 250~280
Shielding Gas 80%Ar+20%CO2 80%Ar+20%CO2
GMX 71Ni AWS A5.20M E491T-9CA5.20 E71T-9C
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Yield StrengthN/mm2
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
Impact value(-30°C) J
518 561 28.0 54
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn P S Ni
0.04 0.43 1.02 0.015 0.013 0.33
Welding parameters
Diameter (mm) 1.2 1.6
Polarity DC+ DC+
Ampere (A)
Flat, horizontal position 120~350 200~450
Vertical upward position 120~250 180~280
Vertical downward position
200~280 250~280
Shielding Gas CO2 CO2
Product Features:● Titania oxide type flux cored wire for
welding with Ar+CO2 mixed shielding gas.● Good bead appearance.● Good crack resistance and mechanical
properties.● Good arc stability, less spatter loss and
easy slag removal.
Applications:● Suitable for welding of mild and 490 N/
mm2 high tensile strength steel structures on shipbuilding, buildings, bridges, machinery, heavy thickness steel castings and pressure vessels.
Product Features:● Titania oxide type flux cored wire for
welding of mild and 490N/mm2 high tensile strength steel with Ar + CO2 mixed shielding gas.
● Good bead appearance.● Few spatters and easy slag removal. ● Ni element contained for improving low
temperature impact toughness and crack resistance.
Applications:● Suitable for welding of mild and 490 N/
mm2 high tensile strength steel structures on shipbuilding, buildings, bridges, machinery, heavy thickness steel castings and pressure vessels.
Gas S
hielde
d Ty
pe F
lux C
ored
Wire
(FC
AW)
Gas S
hielde
d Ty
pe F
lux C
ored
Wire
(FC
AW)
Pro
duct
s In
trod
uctio
n
Pro
duct
s In
trod
uctio
n
◎ Note: 1. Wire extension : 15~25mm (standard range). 2. Shielding gas ow rate : 20~25 L/min. 3. Refer to page A40 FCW welding notes.
◎ Note: 1. Wire extension : 15~25mm (standard range).2. Shielding gas ow rate : 20~25 L/min. 3. Refer to page A40 FCW welding notes.
A45
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Yield StrengthN/mm2
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
Impact value(-30°C) J
482 540 29.2 62
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn P S
0.06 0.39 1.48 0.010 0.010
MXC 76M AWS A5.18M E48C-6MA5.18 E70C-6M
Welding parameters
Diameter (mm) 1.2 1.6
Polarity DC+ DC+
Ampere (A)
Flat, horizontal position 120~350 200~450
Vertical upward position 120~250 180~280
Vertical downward position
200~280 250~280
Shielding Gas 80%Ar+20%CO2 80%Ar+20%CO2
Product Features:● Composite wire for welding of mild and
490 N/mm2 high tensile strength steel with Ar + CO2 mixed shielding gas.
● High welding performance, almost no spatter loss.
● Very few slag and easy removed, more higher deposition efciency than similar strength level solid wires.
● Low hydrogen contained in weld metal to get good mechanical properties, crack resistance and impact toughness.
Applications:● Suitable for welding of mild and 490 N/
mm2 high tensile strength steel structures on shipbuilding, buildings, bridges, machinery, heavy thickness steel castings and pressure vessels.
Gas S
hielde
d Ty
pe F
lux C
ored
Wire
(FC
AW)
Pro
duct
s In
trod
uctio
n
◎ Note: 1. Shielding gas ow rate : 20~25 L/min.2. Refer to page A40 FCW welding notes.
B2
Low
Allo
y S
teel
s
1. Low Alloy Steel De nitionAmong alloy steels, when Ni, Cr, Mo, and other alloy elements content consist of less
than 10.5% are de ned as low alloy steels.
2. Company products compatible with low alloy steels• High heat resistance steel (Chromium- Molybdenum Steel)• Low temperature use steel (Nickel Steel)• Weathering Steel• High yield and high tensile strength steel
3. Low alloy steels general description• Chromium-Molybdenum Steel :
This low alloy steel series contains 0.5% ~ 9% Cr and 0.5% ~ 1% Mo. Its carbon content on average is lower than 0.20%, with decent weldability and higher hardening ability due to its alloy trait. The Cr content improves its anti-oxidization and anti-corrosion ability, and Mo enhances its strength in high temperature condition; The steel supplying conditions are generally gone through annealing or normalizing and tempering processes. Chromium-Molybdenum Steel has been widely used in the areas such as petrol chemical industry, steam power equipment, and high temperature services.
• Nickel Steel :The average steel in low temperature environment will have higher strength but
lower elongation and toughness, thus increases the chance for brittle fracture. If the steel is needed in a low temperature environment, having superior low temperature toughness is essential. Any suitable steel for this purpose is called low temperature service steel or Nickel steel. Low Alloy Low Temperature Service Steel is formed by adding 2.5% to 3.5 % of Ni in the carbon steel to enhance its low temperature toughness. Ni can strengthen ferrite matrix while lowering Ar3 (third transformation temperature) which helps with ne grain formation. In addition to the normalizing treatment during the production process of low alloy low temperature service steel, quenching and tempering are also parts of the mechanical properties improvement treatment.
• Weathering Steel : Generally there are two categories of rust prevention methods: one type for
instance, is paint coating, electroplate, ceramic coating, or adding layers of anti-corrosion material, anything to shield the steel surface from corrosive environment. Another type is to use stainless steel or weather steel, meaning adding anti-corrosion alloy elements into the steel. Weathering steel is formed by adding small amounts of Cu, Cr, P, Ni, and other alloy elements into low alloy steel. During the initial application, it will also rust like the average carbon steel; however, after certain period (usually one year) the rustic surface will serve as an impermeable protective cover, preventing the further expansion of rust into inner part of steel.
Materials General Review
Low Alloy Steels
Mat
eria
ls G
ener
al R
evie
w
B3
• High Tensile and High Yield Strength Steel :This low alloy steel series are added Mn, Ni, Cr, and Mo etc, can increase strength
of ferrite matrix; improve the hardening tendency; and allow better control of grain size. This type of steel under as welded condition can meet the demand of high strength, corrosion resistance, or improve notch toughness and other mechanical properties.
This steel type has good weld ability with the yield strength from 70 to 120 ksi, and tensile strength from 90 to 150 ksi.
Low Alloy high heat resistant steel (Cr – Mo Steel) Welding Consumables Selection
Steel categoryASTM / ASME standard SMAW
ElectrodeFlux Cored
WireSteel Plate Steel Pipe
0.5%Mo steelA204 Gr. A,B,C
A336 Gr.F1A209 Gr.T1A335 Gr.P1
GL76/78A1 GMX 811A1
0.5%Cr-0.5%Mo steel A387 Gr.2 CI.1,2A213 Gr.T2A335 Gr.P2
GL86/88B1
1.25%Cr-0.5%Mo steelA387 Gr.12 Cl.1,2A387 Gr.11 CI.1,2
A336 Gr.F11
A213 Gr.T11,12A335 Gr.P11,12
A182 Gr.F11GL86/88B2 GMX 811B2
2.25%Cr-1.0%Mo steelA387 Gr.22 CI.1,2
A336 Gr.F22
A213 Gr.T22A335 Gr.P22A182 Gr.F22
GL86/88B3 GMX 911B3
5.0%Cr-0.5%Mo steel A387 Gr.5 CI.1,2 A335 Gr.P5 GL86/88B6
9.0%Cr-1.0%Mo steel A387 Gr.9 CI.1,2 A335 Gr.P9 GL86/88B8
SMAW Electrodes for Chromium-Molybdenum Low Alloy Steels
Low
Allo
y S
teel
sMa
terials
Gen
eral R
eview
&Weld
ing co
nsum
ables
selec
tion
B5 B6
Similar precautions should be taken when welding Chromium-Molybdenum Steel as with high strength steel. However, the following measures require special attentions:Inter-pass temperature, preheat and PWHT-post weld heat treatment.
1. Inter-pass temperature, preheat and PWHT (Post Weld Heat Treatment)For the preheat and post heat temperatures when welding low alloy Chromium- Molybdenum steel, please consult the following table. The widths of the affected area during preheat and post heat is recommended at 5 times of base metal thickness. After welding, post heat annealing treatment is needed in order to eliminate residual stress.
Preheat, Inter-pass and PWHT temperature requirement
Note : max. inter-pass temperature≦350°C.
2. Short Arc TechniqueChromium-Molybdenum Steel SMAW Electrodes are mostly classied as low hydrogen type; thus, short arc technique should be observed during welding in order to prevent permeation of N2 and O2 into the arc creating blow hole and alloy elements burning loss. If weaving is necessary, the weaving width should not exceed 3 times of the core wire diameter. During welding, the arc starting point should be 1~2 cm behind the welding start point. Once the arc starts, pull it back to the welding start point to begin welding to avoid the occurrence of blow hole. This is known as the forehand & backhand arc starting technique.
3. For more information, please consult page A6 regarding Welding notes of SMAW Electrode for Mild and High Tensile Strength Steel use.
Welding Notes
GL86B1 GL88B1 AWS A5.5M E5516(8)-B1A5.5 E8016(8)-B1
JIS Z 3223 DT2316(8)
GL76A1 GL78A1 AWS A5.5M E4916(8)-A1A5.5 E7016(8)-A1
JIS Z 3223 DT1216
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Mo
0.06 0.46 0.79 0.49
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters(A) AC or DC+
Diameter / Length 2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450
Flat position 60~90 100~140 150~190 220~270
Vertical / over head position
50~80 80~110 120~150 —
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Cr Mo
0.06 0.31 0.76 0.55 0.48
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters(A) AC or DC+
Diameter / Length 2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450
Flat position 60~90 90~140 150~180 220~270
Vertical / over head position
50~80 80~120 120~150 —
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Yield StrengthN/mm2
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
Post Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT)
°C×1hr
570 615 26 620
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Yield Strength
N/mm2
Tensile Strength
N/mm2
Elongation%
Post Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT)
°C×1hr
600 650 26 690
Steel CategoryPreheat and Inter-pass
Temperature (°C) PWHT Temperature x time
(°C×1hr)
0.5%Mo Steel 95~110 620±15
0.5%Cr-0.5% Mo Steel 1.25%Cr-0.5% Mo Steel 2.25%Cr-1.0% Mo Steel
160~190 690±15
5.0%Cr-0.5% Mo Steel 180~230 740 ±15
9.0%Cr-1.0% Mo Steel 200~250 740 ±15
Product Features:● Low hydrogen/ iron powder low
hydrogen type covered electrode for low alloy heat resistant steel.
● Approximately 0.5% Mo element contained in all deposited weld metal.
● Good for RT examination, good mechanical properties.
● Low hydrogen contained in weld metal to get good crack resistance.
Applications:● Suitable for welding of 0.5% Mo
grade heat resistant steel, cast steel such as A335-P1,A336-F1.
Product Features:● Low hydrogen/ iron powder low
hydrogen type covered electrode for low alloy heat resistant steel.
● Very low hydrogen contained in weld metal.
● All deposited weld metal contains approximately 0.5% Cr- 0.5%Mo alloy elements, good for serving temperature ≦ 550°C.
● Good for RT examination, good mechanical properties.
Applications:● Suitable for welding of 0.5%
Cr-0.5% Mo grade steel such as A387-Gr.2 C1.1&2.
SMAW
Elect
rodes
for Ch
romium
-Moly
bden
um Lo
w Alloy
Stee
lsW
eldi
ng n
otes
SMAW
Elect
rodes
for Ch
romium
-Moly
bden
um Lo
w Alloy
Stee
lsP
rodu
cts
Intr
oduc
tion
◎ Note: 1. 300~350C x 1hr baking prior to use.2. Refer to page B5 welding notes.
◎ Note: 1.300~350C x 1hr baking prior to use. 2.Refer to page B5 welding notes.
B7 B8
GL86B6 GL88B6 AWS A5.5M E5516(8)-B6 A5.5 E8016(8)-B6
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Cr Mo
0.07 0.65 0.81 4.63 0.50
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters(A) AC or DC+
Diameter / Length 2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450
Flat position 60~90 90~140 150~200 220~270
Vertical / over head position
50~80 80~110 120~150 —
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Yield StrengthN/mm2
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
Post Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT)
°C×1hr
527 635 24 740
GL96B3 GL98B3 AWS A5.5M E6216(8)-B3A5.5 E9016(8)-B3
JIS Z 3223 DT2416(8)
GL86B2 GL88B2 AWS A5.5M E5516(8)-B2A5.5 E8016(8)-B2
JIS Z 3223 DT2316(8)
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Cr Mo
0.08 0.62 0.80 1.09 0.43
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters(A) AC or DC+
Diameter / Length 2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450
Flat position 60~90 90~140 150~180 220~270
Vertical / over head position
50~80 80~120 120~150 —
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Yield StrengthN/mm2
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
Post Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT)
°C×1hr
623 691 20 690
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Cr Mo
0.07 0.49 0.66 2.28 1.05
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters(A) AC or DC+
Diameter / Length 2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450
Flat position 60~90 90~140 150~180 220~270
Vertical / over head position
50~80 80~120 120~150 —
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Yield StrengthN/mm2
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
Post Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT)
°C×1hr
590 671 22 690
GL86B8 GL88B8 AWS A5.5M E5516(8)-B8 A5.5 E8016(8)-B8
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Cr Mo
0.07 0.60 0.63 8.74 0.86
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters(A) AC or DC+
Diameter / Length 2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450
Flat position 60~90 90~140 150~200 220~270
Vertical / over head position
50~80 80~110 120~150 —
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Yield StrengthN/mm2
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
Post Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT)
°C×1hr
669 749 20 740
Product Features:● Low hydrogen/ iron powder low
hydrogen type covered electrode for low alloy heat resistant steel.
● Very low hydrogen contained in weld metal.
● All deposited weld metal contains approximately 1.1%Cr- 0.5%Mo alloy elements, good for serving temperature ≦ 550°C.
● Good for RT examination, good mechanical properties.
Applications:● Suitable for welding of 1.25%
Cr-0.5% Mo grade steel such as A387-Gr.12 C1.1&2; A335-Gr.11&12.
Product Features:● Low hydrogen/ iron powder low
hydrogen type covered electrode for low alloy heat resistant steel.
● Very low hydrogen contained in weld metal.
● All deposited weld metal contains approximately 2.25%Cr-1.0% Mo alloy elements, good for serving temperature ≦ 550°C.
● Good for RT examination, good mechanical properties.
Applications:● Suitable for welding of 2.5%
Cr-1.0% Mo grade steel such as JIS STBA24,A387 Gr.22.
Product Features:● Low hydrogen/ iron powder type
covered electrode for low alloy heat resistant steel.
● Very low hydrogen contained in weld metal.
● All deposited weld metal contains approximately 5.0%Cr- 0.5%Mo alloy elements, good for serving temperature ≦ 550°C.
● Good for RT examination, good mechanical properties.
Applications:● Suitable for welding of ASTM
A387Gr5 and A335Gr.P5 steel and similar grade steels.
Product Features:● Low hydrogen/ iron powder low
hydrogen type covered electrode for low alloy heat resistant steel.
● Low hydrogen contained in weld metal to get good crack resistance.
● All deposited weld metal contains approximately 9.0%Cr-1.0 %Mo alloy elements, good for serving temperature ≦ 550°C.
● Good for RT examination, good mechanical properties.
Applications:● Suitable for welding of ASTM
A387Gr.9 and A335Gr.P9 steel and similar grade steels.
SMAW
Elect
rodes
for Ch
romium
-Moly
bden
um Lo
w Alloy
Stee
lsP
rodu
cts
Intr
oduc
tion
SMAW
Elect
rodes
for Ch
romium
-Moly
bden
um Lo
w Alloy
Stee
lsP
rodu
cts
Intr
oduc
tion
◎ Note: 1. 300~350C x 1hr baking prior to use. 2. Refer to page B5 welding notes.
◎ Note: 1. 300~350C x 1hr baking prior to use. 2. Refer to page B5 welding notes.
◎ Note: 1. 300~350C x 1hr baking prior to use. 2. Refer to page B5 welding notes.
◎ Note: 1. 300~350C x 1hr baking prior to use.2. Refer to page B5 welding notes.
B10
1. Preheat, Inter-pass and Post Weld Heat-Treatment Temperature requirement
max. inter-pass temperature≦350°C.
2. Welding current polarity: Electrode Positive (DC+)
3. Proper usages of shielding gas and ow rate as below :
4. Recommending low electrical currentTo prevent alloy elements burning loss from serious oxidation, welding current should not exceed suggested product limits.
5. For more information, please consult page A40 regarding FCW wire Welding notes for Mild and High Tensile Strength Steel use.
Product namePreheat and Inter-pass
Temperature (°C)PWHT Temperature x Time
(°C×1hr)
GMX 811-A1 150±15 620±15
GMX 811B2, GMX 911B3 175±15 690±15
Type of Shielding Gas Flow Rate L/minDistance between Contact
Tube and Work (mm)
CO2 or 75~80%Ar + CO2 20~25 15~25
Welding Notes
Flux Cored Wire for Chromium- Molybdenum Low Alloy Steels
Flux C
ored W
ire fo
r Chro
mium-
Moly
bden
um Lo
w Alloy
Stee
ls W
eldi
ng N
otes
B11 B12
GMX811-A1 AWS A5.29M E551T1-A1CA5.29 E81T1-A1C
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Yield StrengthN/mm2
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
611 649 23.3
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Mo
0.04 0.24 1.04 0.51
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters
Diameter 1.2 1.6
Polarity DC+ DC+
Ampere (A)
Flat, horizontal position 180~300 200~360
Vertical / over head position
160~220 180~280
Shielding Gas CO2 CO2
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Cr Mo
0.06 0.50 0.70 1.22 0.57
GMX811-B2 AWS A5.29M E551T1-B2CA5.29 E81T1-B2C
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters
Diameter 1.2 1.6
Polarity DC+ DC+
Ampere (A)
Flat, horizontal position 180~300 200~360
Vertical / over head position
160~220 180~280
Shielding Gas CO2 CO2
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Yield StrengthN/mm2
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
Post Weld Heat Treatment°C /hr
604 679 20.2 690
Product Features:● Titania oxide type ux cored arc welding
wire.● A l l deposi ted weld metal contains
approximately 0.5% Mo elements to get good mechanical property in elevated high temperature.
● Good for RT examination.● High deposition ef ciency.
Applications:● Suitable for welding of 0.5% Mo grade
heat resistant steel.
Product Features:● Titania oxide type ux cored arc welding
wire.● A l l deposi ted weld metal contains
approximately 1.25 %Cr-0.5 %Mo alloy elements, good for serving temperature ≦ 550°C.
● Good for RT examination, good crack resistance.
Applications:● Suitable for welding of 1.0%Cr - 0.5%Mo
and 1.25%Cr - 0.5%Mo steel, such as A335-P12, A355-P11 or similar grade steel.
Flux C
ored W
ire fo
r Chro
mium-
Moly
bden
um Lo
w Alloy
Stee
ls P
rodu
cts
Intr
oduc
tion
Flux C
ored W
ire fo
r Chro
mium-
Moly
bden
um Lo
w Alloy
Stee
ls P
rodu
cts
Intr
oduc
tion
◎ Note: Refer to page B10 welding notes. ◎ Note: Refer to page B10 welding notes.
B13
GMX911-B3 AWS A5.29M 621T1-B3CA5.29 E91T1-B3C
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Yield StrengthN/mm2
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
Post Heat Weld Treatment°C /hr
578 648 21 690
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Cr Mo
0.05 0.32 0.51 2.01 1.05
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters(A)
Diameter 1.2 1.6
Polarity DC+ DC+
Ampere (A)
Flat, horizontal position 180~300 200~360
Vertical / over head position
160~220 180~280
Shielding Gas CO2 CO2
SMAW Electrodes for Nickel Steel (low temperature use)
Product Features:● Titania oxide type ux cored arc welding
wire.● A l l deposi ted weld metal contains
approximately 2.25 %Cr-1.0 %Mo alloy elements, good for serving temperature ≦ 550°C.
● Good for RT examination, good crack resistance.
Applications:● Suitable for welding of 2.25%Cr - 1%Mo
steel, such as A387 Gr.22 CI.1&2 or similar grade steel.
Flux C
ored W
ire fo
r Chro
mium-
Moly
bden
um Lo
w Alloy
Stee
ls P
rodu
cts
Intr
oduc
tion
◎ Note: Refer to page B10 welding notes.
B15 B16
Nickel Steel is commonly used on LPG (Liquid Petroleum Gas) carrier, LPG tank, low temperature service equipment, marine structure, and other low temperature required works. During the welding process, inter-pass temperature needs to be under 150°C.
1. Preheat, inter-pass temperature and PWHT process controlIf the heat input is high, base metal is too thin, or if the inter-pass temperature is too high, the cooling speed of the weld metal will be affected and the weld metal toughness will decrease. The process of preheat, inter-pass, and PWHT temperature and all the welding parameters need to be followed according to the welding procedure speci cation depending the speci c metal thicknesses and steel types.
Nickel Steel Preheat, Inter-pass & PWHT temperature requirement
Note:1.The duration of PWHT temperature should be adjusted base on the thickness of the weldment according to the contract or related codes.
2.PWHT temperature must be tightly controlled; otherwise, the impact toughness will be reduced.
2. Recommending low electrical current (low heat input)Nickel steel mostly has gone through mechanical properties improvement treatment or normalization heat treatment. Welding parameters must be rigidly controlled using low heat input welding to ensure proper weld metal’s alloy element content, strength, impact toughness, and other good properties.
3.short arc welding techniqueNickel Steel SMAW Electrodes are mostly classied as low hydrogen type; thus, short arc technique should be observed during welding in order to prevent permeation of N2 and O2 into the arc creating blow hole and alloy elements burning loss. If weaving is necessary, the weaving width should not exceed 3 times of the core wire diameter. During welding, the arc starting point should be 1~2 cm behind the welding start point. Once the arc starts, pull it back to the welding start point to begin welding to avoid the occurrence of blow hole. This is known as the forehand & backhand arc starting technique.
4. Welding consumables selection
5.Nickel Steel usage temperature range chart :
6. For more information, please consult page A6 regarding Welding notes of SMAW Electrode for Mild and High Tensile Strength Steel use.
Steel Category ASTM SMAW Electrode Flux Cored Wire
< 1.0%Nickel Steel A537 Cl 1 or 2
A516 Gr70GL55Ni
GL86C3 / GL88C3GMX811Ni1
2.5%Nickel Steel A203 Gr.A or B GL86C1 / GL88C1 GMX811Ni2 / GMX911Ni2
3.5%Nickel Steel A203 Gr.D or E GL86C2 / GL88C2 —
Product namePreheat and Inter-pass
temperature (°C)PWHT temperature x time
(°C×hr)
GL55Ni, GL86/88C3 95~120 No need
GL86/88C1 95~110 605±15
GL86/88C2 95~110 605±15
Welding Notes
< 1.0% Nickel Steel
2.5% Nickel Steel
3.5% Nickel Steel
-46°C
-60°C
-100°C
Nickel S
teel
SMAW
Elec
trode
s for
Nicke
l Stee
l(low
tempe
rature
use)
Wel
ding
Not
es
SMAW
Elec
trode
s for
Nicke
l Stee
l(low
tempe
rature
use)
Wel
ding
Not
es
B17 B18
GL86C2 GL88C2 AWS A5.5M E5516(8)-C2A5.5 E8016(8)-C2
JIS Z 3211 E5516(8)-N7
GL86C1 GL88C1 AWS A5.5M E5516(8)-C1A5.5 E8016(8)-C1
JIS Z 3211 E5516(8)-N5
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Ni
0.05 0.31 0.82 2.38
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters(A) AC or DC±
Diameter / Length 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450
Flat position 90~140 150~200 220~270
Vertical / over head position
80~110 120~150 —
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Yield StrengthN/mm2
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
Impact value
(-60°C) J
Post Weld Heat Treatment
°C /1hr
574 653 27.6 44 620
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Ni
0.06 0.46 1.12 3.20
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters(A) AC or DC±
Diameter / Length 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450
Flat position 90~140 150~200 220~270
Vertical / over head position
80~110 120~150 —
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Yield StrengthN/mm2
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
Impact value
(-75°C) J
Post Weld Heat Treatment
°C /1hr
677 742 24 44 620
GL86C3 GL88C3 AWS A5.5M E5516(8)-C3A5.5 E8016(8)-C3
JIS Z 3211 E5516(8)-N2
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Ni
0.06 0.60 0.84 0.86
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters(A) AC or DC±
Diameter / Length 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450
Flat position 90~140 150~200 220~270
Vertical / over head position
80~110 120~150 —
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Yield StrengthN/mm2
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
Impact value
(-40°C) J
Post Weld Heat Treatment
°C /1hr
546 620 24.2 80 not defined
Product Features:● Low hydrogen/ iron powder low
hydrogen type covered electrode for low alloy low temperature steel (Ni steel).
● Good for RT examination, good mechanical properties.
● All deposited weld metal contains approximately 2.5% Ni elements, good for serving temperature till -60°C.
Applications:● Suitable for welding of low
temperature steel (Ni steel), serving temperature till -60°C.
Product Features:● Low hydrogen/ iron powder low
hydrogen type covered electrode for low alloy low temperature steel (Ni steel).
● Good for RT examination, good mechanical properties and crack resistance.
● All deposited weld metal contains approximately 3.5% Ni elements, good for serving temperature till -75°C.
Applications:● Suitable for welding of low
temperature steel (Ni steel), serving temperature till -75°C.
Product Features:● Low hydrogen/ iron powder low
hydrogen type covered electrode for low alloy low temperature steel (Ni steel).
● Good for RT examination, good mechanical properties.
● All deposited weld metal contains approximately 1.0% Ni elements, good for serving temperature till -40°C.
Applications:● Suitable for welding of low
temperature steel (Ni steel), serving temperature till -40°C.
SMAW
Elec
trode
s for
Nicke
l Stee
l(low
tempe
rature
use)
Pro
duct
s In
trod
uctio
n
SMAW
Elec
trode
s for
Nicke
l Stee
l(low
tempe
rature
use)
Pro
duct
s In
trod
uctio
n
◎ Note: 1. 300~350C x 1hr baking prior to use. 2. Refer to page B15 welding notes.
◎ Note: 1. 300~350C x 1hr baking prior to use.2. Refer to page B15 welding notes.
◎ Note: 1. 300~350C x 1hr baking prior to use.2. Refer to page B15 welding notes.
B20
1.Preheat, Inter-pass and PWHT temperature
Nickel Steel Preheat, Inter-pass and PWHT Temperature Requirement
2. Welding current polarity: Electrode Positive (DC+).
3. Recommended shielding gas and ow rate chart below :
4.Recommending low electrical current (low heat input)Nickel steel mostly has gone through mechanical properties improvement treatment
or normalization heat treatment. Welding parameters must be rigidly controlled using low heat input welding to ensure proper weld metal’s alloy element content, strength, impact toughness, and other good properties.
5. For more information, please consult page A40 regarding FCW wire Welding notes for Mild and High Tensile Strength Steel use.
Product name (°C×1hr)
Preheat & Inter-pass Temperature (°C)
PWHT Temperature x Time (°C×1hr)
GMX 811-Ni1 150±15 No need
GMX 811-Ni2GMX 911-Ni2
150±15 No need
Type of Shielding Gas (es) Flow Rate L/minDistance between Contact
Tube and Work (mm)
CO2 or 75~80%Ar + CO2 20~25 15~25
Welding Notes
Flux Cored Wire for Nickel Steel (low temperature use)
Flux C
ored W
ire fo
r Nick
el Ste
el (lo
w tem
perat
ure us
e) W
eldi
ng N
otes
B21 B22
GMX811-Ni1 AWS A5.29M E551T-Ni1CA5.29 E81T1-Ni1C
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Ni
0.04 0.42 0.82 0.95
Size(mm) and recommended welding parameters(A)
Diameter 1.2 1.6
Polarity DC+ DC+
Ampere (A)
Flat, horizontal position 180~300 200~350
Vertical / over head position
160~220 180~280
Shielding Gas CO2 CO2
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Yield StrengthN/mm2
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
Impact value(-30°C) J
618 650 24.0 50
GMX811-Ni2 AWS A5.29M E551T1-Ni2CA5.29 E81T1-Ni2C
Size(mm) and recommended welding parameters(A)
Diameter 1.2 1.6
Polarity DC+ DC+
Ampere (A)
Flat, horizontal position 180~300 200~350
Vertical / over head position
160~220 180~280
Shielding Gas CO2 CO2
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Yield StrengthN/mm2
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
Impact value(-40°C) J
543 608 27.8 78
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Ni
0.06 0.43 1.05 2.38
Product Features:● Titania oxide type gas shield flux cored
arc welding wire.● A l l deposi ted weld metal contains
approximately 1.0% Ni elements, good for serving temperature till -30°C.
● Good for RT examination, good crack resistance.
Applications:● Suitable for welding of low temperature
Ni steel such as A226, A235, A236 for LPG tank.
Product Features:● Titania oxide type gas shield flux cored
arc welding wire.● A l l deposi ted weld metal contains
approximately 2.4% Ni elements, good for serving temperature till -40°C.
● Good for RT examination, good crack resistance.
Applications:● Suitable for welding of low temperature
Ni steel such as A226, A235, A236 for LPG tank.
Flux C
ored W
ire fo
r Nick
el Ste
el (lo
w tem
perat
ure us
e) P
rodu
cts
Intr
oduc
tion
Flux C
ored W
ire fo
r Nick
el Ste
el (lo
w tem
perat
ure us
e) P
rodu
cts
Intr
oduc
tion
◎ Note: 1. Proper cleaning and 150C preheat on base metal before welding.2. Welding procedure detail information such as preheat, inter pass temperature
and welding parameters (welding current, voltage, welding speed and base metal thickness etc..) shall be fully followed.
3. Refer to page B20 welding notes.
◎ Note: 1. Proper cleaning and 150C preheat on base metal before welding.2. Welding procedure detail information such as preheat, inter pass temperature and all
welding parameters ( welding current, voltage, welding speed, base metal thickness etc..) shall be fully followed.
3. Refer to page B20 welding notes.
B23
GMX911-Ni2 AWS A5.29M E621T1-Ni2CA5.29 E91T1-Ni2C
Size(mm) and recommended welding parameters(A)
Diameter 1.2 1.6
Polarity DC+ DC+
Ampere (A)
Flat, horizontal position 180~280 200~350
Vertical / over head position
160~220 180~280
Shielding Gas CO2 CO2
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Yield StrengthN/mm2
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
Impact value(-40°C) J
659 684 22.6 54
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Ni Mo
0.03 0.40 1.03 2.26 0.18
SMAW Electrodes for Weathering Steel
Product Features:● Titania oxide type gas shield flux cored
arc welding wire.● A l l deposi ted weld metal contains
approximately 2.25% Ni elements, good for serving temperature till -40°C.
● Good for RT examination, good crack resistance.
Applications:● Suitable for welding of low temperature
Ni steel or LPG tank.
Flux C
ored W
ire fo
r Nick
el Ste
el (lo
w tem
perat
ure us
e) P
rodu
cts
Intr
oduc
tion
◎ Note: 1. Proper cleaning and 150°C preheat on base metal before welding.2. Welding procedure detail information such as preheat, inter pass temperature
and welding parameters (welding current, voltage, welding speed and base metal thickness etc..) shall be fully followed.
3. Refer to page B20 welding notes.
B25 B26
Precautions for welding weathering steels are similar to high tensile strength steel with the exceptions of the following points :
1. Preheat, Inter-Pass, and PWHT temperatureFor low alloy weathering steel’s welding pre-heat and post heat temperature, please
see chart below. The preheating process for smaller weldment can cover the entire body. In a large structure setting, preheat should begin at the welding point covering an area about 5 times the weldment thickness using heating equipment for local preheat. Whether stress relief heat treatment is necessary depends on the contract or the work speci cations.
Low Alloy Weathering Steel Preheat, Inter-pass and PWHT Temperature Requirement
2. Recommending low electrical current (low heat input) To prevent the burning loss of alloy elements due to serious oxidation, welding current
should not exceed the product recommended limits.
3. Short arc welding techniqueWeathering Steel SMAW Electrodes are mostly classied as low hydrogen type; thus, short arc technique should be observed during welding in order to prevent permeation of N2 and O2 into the arc creating blow hole and alloy elements burning loss. If weaving is necessary, the weaving width should not exceed 3 times of the core wire diameter. During welding, the arc starting point should be 1~2 cm behind the welding start point. Once the arc starts, pull it back to the welding start point to begin welding to avoid the occurrence of blow hole. This is known as the forehand & backhand arc starting technique.
4. For more information, please consult page A6 regarding Welding notes of SMAW Electrode for Mild and High Tensile Strength Steel use.
GL88W2 AWS A5.5M E5518-W2 / A5.5 E8018-W2JIS Z 3214 DA5816W
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Yield StrengthN/mm2
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
Impact value(-20°C) J
513 604 28.7 114
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Cr Ni Cu
0.06 0.49 0.70 0.51 0.55 0.51
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Yield StrengthN/mm2
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
Impact value(-20°C) J
570 660 25 102
GL78W1 AWS A5.5M E4918-W1 / A5.5 E7018-W1JIS Z 3214 DA5016G
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Cr Ni Cu
0.06 0.65 0.53 0.24 0.29 0.54
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters (A) AC or DC+
Diameter / Length 2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450
Flat position 70~100 90~140 150~200 220~270
Vertical / over head position
60~90 80~110 120~150 —
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters (A) AC or DC+
Diameter / Length 2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450
Flat position 70~100 90~140 150~200 220~270
Vertical / over head position
60~90 80~110 120~150 —
Low Alloy Weathering Steel of Welding consumables selection
ASTM/JIS G3114 standardSMAW Electrodes Flux Cored Wire
ASTM JIS
A709 Gr. 36A709 Gr. 50W
A588A242
SMA 400PSMA 400WSMA 490PSMA 490W
GL78W1
GMX 811-W2
A588 A709 Gr. 50W
SMA 570PSMA 570W
GL88W2
Product name Inter-pass Temperature (°C) PWHT Temperature x Time (°C×1hr)
GL78W195~120 No need
GL88W2
Welding Notes for Weathering Steel
Product Features:● Iron powder low hydrogen type
covered electrode for 490 N/ mm2 grade high tensile strength low alloy weathering steel.
● Weld metal contains Ni, Cr, Cu elements, good for weathering resistance.
● Good for RT examination, good mechanical properties.
Applications:● Suitable for welding of high
tensi le strength weather ing steels such as COR-TEN 50A, 50B and COR-TEN or SMA 50.
Product Features:● Iron powder low hydrogen type
covered electrode for 550 N/ mm2 grade high tensile strength low alloy weathering steel.
● Weld metal contains Ni, Cr, Cu elements, good for weathering resistance.
● Good for RT examination, good mechanical properties.
Applications:● Suitable for welding of 550 N/
mm2 weathering steelssuch as COR-TEN 60 or SMA 58.
SMAW
Ele
ctro
des
for W
eath
erin
g St
eel
Pro
duct
s In
trod
uctio
n
SMAW
Ele
ctro
des
for W
eath
erin
g St
eel
Wel
ding
Not
es fo
r Wea
ther
ing
Ste
el
◎ Note: 1. 300~350C x 1 hr baking prior to use.2. Refer to page B25 welding notes.
◎ Note: 1. 300~350C x 1 hr baking prior to use.2. Refer to page B25 welding notes.
B28
1.Preheat, Inter-pass and PWHT Temperature
Low Alloy Weathering Steel Preheat, Inter-pass and PWHT Requirement
2. Base Metal Surface CleaningGrease, dirt, mill scale, and other lthy byproducts on the base metal surface must be
thorough cleaned in order to avoid welding defects such as blow holes or pits formation.
3. Welding current polarity: Electrode Positive (DC+).
4.Suitable shielding gas and ow rate are recommended as below
5. Recommending low electrical current (low heat input) To prevent the burning loss of alloy elements due to serious oxidation, welding current
should not exceed the product recommended limits.
6. For more information, please consult page A40 FCW wire welding notes for mild and high tensile strength steel.
Product name(°C×1hr)
Preheat and Inter-pass Temperature (°C)
PWHT Temperature x Time (°C×1hr)
GMX 811-W2 150±15 No need
Type of Shielding Gas (es) Flow Rate L/minDistance between Contact
Tube and Work (mm)
CO2 or 75~80%Ar + CO2 20~25 15~25
Welding Notes
Flux Cored Wire for Weathering Steel
Flux
Cor
ed W
ire fo
r Wea
ther
ing
Ste
elW
eldi
ng N
otes
B29
GMX 811-W2 AWS A5.29M E551T1-W2CA5.29 E81T1-W2C
Size(mm) and recommended welding parameters
Diameter 1.2 1.6
Polarity DC+ DC+
Ampere (A)
Flat / Horizontal position 180~300 200~360
Vertical / over head position
160~220 180~280
Shielding Gas CO2 CO2
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Yield StrengthN/mm2
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
Impact value(-30°C) J
607 650 23.1 34
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Cr Ni Cu
0.05 0.38 0.81 0.49 0.58 0.56
SMAW Electrodes for High Tensile & High Yield Strength Steels
Product Features:● Titanium oxide type gas shield ux cored
arc welding wire.● Weld metal contains Ni,Cr, Cu elements,
good for weathering resistance. ● Good for RT examination, good
mechanical properties.
Applications:● Suitable for welding of weathering steels
such as ASTM A588, A242 and other weathering steel structures.
Flux
Cor
ed W
ire fo
r Wea
ther
ing
Ste
elP
rodu
cts
Intr
oduc
tion
◎ Note: 1.Proper cleaning and 150°C preheat on base metal before welding.2.Proper shelter for wind protection.3.Refer to page B28 welding notes.
B31 B32
Special purpose low alloy steel, most commonly in forms of high tensile and high yields strength steels, forms weld metal with extremely low Hydrogen content and excellent low temperature impact toughness (-50°C). It is mostly applicable for high strength or military steel structures such as HY80, HY100, and similar steel types.
1. Preheat, Inter-pass and PWHT TemperatureFor low alloy high tensile and high yield strength steel’s welding pre-heat and post heat temperature, please see chart below. The preheating process for smaller weldment can cover the entire body. In a large structure setting, preheat should begin at the welding point covering an area about 5 times the weldment thickness using heating equipment for local preheat.
Low Alloy High Tensile & High Yield Strength Steel Preheat, Inter-pass and PWHT Requirement
2. Recommending low electrical current (low heat input) To prevent the burning loss of alloy elements due to serious oxidation, welding current
should not exceed the product recommended limits.
3.Short arc welding techniqueHigh tensile and high yield strength steel SMAW Electrodes are mostly classied as low hydrogen type; thus, short arc technique should be observed during welding in order to prevent permeation of N2 and O2 into the arc creating blow hole and alloy elements burning loss. If weaving is necessary, the weaving width should not exceed 3 times of the core wire diameter. During welding, the arc starting point should be 1~2 cm behind the welding start point. Once the arc starts, pull it back to the welding start point to begin welding to avoid the occurrence of blow hole. This is known as the forehand & backhand arc starting technique.
4. For more information, please consult page A6 SMAW Electrode welding notes for mild and high tensile strength steel.
GL108M AWS A5.5M E6918M / A5.5 E10018MJIS Z3211 E6918-N3M2
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Yield StrengthN/mm2
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
Impact value(-50°C) J
613 687 26.4 61
GL98M AWS A5.5M E6218M / A5.5 E9018MJIS Z3211 E6218-N3M1
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Cr Ni Mo
0.06 0.74 1.15 0.03 1.59 0.01
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters(A) AC or DC+
Diameter / Length 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450
Flat position 90~140 150~200 220~270
Vertical / over head position
80~110 120~150 —
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Yield StrengthN/mm2
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
Impact value(-50°C) J
650 715 26 60
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Cr Ni Mo
0.06 0.32 0.91 0.31 1.46 0.27
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters(A) AC or DC+
Diameter / Length 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450
Flat position 90~140 150~200 220~270
Vertical / over head position
80~110 120~150 —
Product namePreheat and Inter-pass
Temperature (°C)PWHT Temperature x Time
(°C×1hr)
GL98M , GL108MGL118M , GL128M
95~120 No need
Welding Notes
Product Features:● I r on powder low hydrogen
type covered electrode for low alloy high yield and high tensile strength steel.
● Good arc stability, less spatter loss and suitable for all positions.
● Good for RT examination, good mechanical properties.
● Low moisture absorption type covered flux to get good crack resistance.
Applications:● Sui table for welding of 620
N/mm2 grade low alloy steel or similar grade steels on pressure vesse ls and genera l s tee l structures.
Product Features:● I r on powder low hydrogen
type covered electrode for low alloy high yield and high tensile strength steel.
● Good arc stability, suitable for all positions.
● Good for RT examination, good mechanical properties.
● Low moisture absorption type covered flux to get good crack resistance.
Applications:● Sui table for welding of 690
N/mm2 grade low alloy steel or similar grade steels on pressure vesse ls and genera l s tee l structures.
SMAW
Elect
rodes
for Hi
gh Te
nsile &
High
Yield
Stren
gth St
eels
Wel
ding
Not
es
SMAW
Elect
rodes
for Hi
gh Te
nsile &
High
Yield
Stren
gth St
eels
Pro
duct
s In
trod
uctio
n
◎ Note: 1. 300~350C x 1 hr baking prior to use.2.Refer to page B31 welding notes.
◎ Note: 1. 300~350C x 1 hr baking prior to use.2.Refer to page B31 welding notes.
B33
GL128M AWS A5.5M E8318M / A5.5 E12018MJIS Z3211 E8318-N4C2M2
GL118M AWS A5.5M E7618M / A5.5 E11018MJIS Z3211 E7618-N4M2
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Yield StrengthN/mm2
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
Impact value(-50°C) J
684 843 21.8 55
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Cr Ni Mo
0.06 0.57 1.61 0.26 1.78 0.41
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters(A) AC or DC+
Diameter / Length 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450
Flat position 90~140 150~200 220~270
Vertical / over head position
80~110 120~150 —
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Yield StrengthN/mm2
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
Impact value(-51°C) J
825 958 18.2 62
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Cr Ni Mo
0.06 0.43 1.67 0.63 2.22 0.43
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters(A) AC or DC+
Diameter / Length 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450
Flat position 90~140 150~200 220~270
Vertical / over head position
80~110 120~150 —
Flux Cored Wire for High Tensile & High Yield Strength Steels
Product Features:● I r on powder low hydrogen
type covered electrode for low alloy high yield and high tensile strength steel.
● Good arc stability, suitable for all positions.
● Good for RT examination, good mechanical properties.
● Low moisture absorption type covered flux to get good crack resistance.
Applications:● Suitable for welding of 760 N/
mm2 grade low alloy steels or similar grade steels on pressure vesse ls and genera l s tee l structures.
Product Features:● I r on powder low hydrogen
type covered electrode for low alloy high yield and high tensile strength steel.
● Good arc stability, less spatter loss and suitable for all positions.
● Good for RT examination, good mechanical properties.
● Low moisture absorption type covered flux to get good crack resistance.
Applications:● Suitable for welding of 830 N/
mm2 grade low alloy steels or similar grade steels on pressure vesse ls and genera l s tee l structures.
SMAW
Elect
rodes
for Hi
gh Te
nsile &
High
Yield
Stren
gth St
eels
Pro
duct
s In
trod
uctio
n
◎ Note: 1.300~350C x 1 hr baking prior to use.2. Refer to page B31 welding notes.
◎ Note: 1. 300~350C x 1 hr baking prior to use. 2.Refer to page B31 welding notes.
B35 B36
1. Preheat, Inter-pass and PWHT Temperature
Low Alloy High Tensile & High Yield Strength Steel Preheat, Inter-pass and PWHT Temperature Requirement
2. Welding current polarity: Electrode Positive (DC+)
3. Suitable shielding gas and ow rate are recommended as below
4. Recommending low electrical welding current To prevent alloy elements burning loss due to oxidation, using low welding current
is recommended.
5. For more information, please consult page A40 FCW welding notes for mild and high tensile strength steel.
GMX101-K3 AWS A5.29M E691T1-K3CA5.29 E101T1-K3C
Size(mm) and recommended welding parameters
Diameter 1.2 1.6
Polarity DC+ DC+
Ampere (A)
Flat / Horizontal position 180~300 200~350
Vertical / over head position
160~220 —
Shielding Gas CO2 CO2
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Yield StrengthN/mm2
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
Impact value(-20°C) J
736 767 20.3 48
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Ni Mo
0.05 0.34 1.27 1.89 0.49
Product namePreheat and Inter-pass
Temperature (°C)PWHT Temperature x Time
(°C×1hr)
GMX 101-K3 150±15 No need
Type of Shielding Gas (es) Flow Rate L/minDistance between Contact
Tube and Work (mm)
CO2 or 75~80%Ar + CO2 20~25 15~25
Welding Notes
Product Features:● Flux cored arc welding wire for low alloy
high yield and high tensile strength steel for all positions.
● All deposited weld metal contains 2.0% Ni-0.5% Mo elements, good for welding of low alloy high yield and high tensile strength steel.
● Good for RT examination, good crack resistance.
Applications:● Suitable for welding of HY-80 or similar
grade steels.
Flux C
ored W
ire fo
r High
Tens
ile & H
igh Yi
eld St
rength
Stee
lsW
eldi
ng N
otes
Flux C
ored W
ire fo
r High
Tens
ile & H
igh Yi
eld St
rength
Stee
lsP
rodu
cts
Intr
oduc
tion
◎ Note: 1. Proper cleaning and 150°C preheat on base metal before welding.2. Keep proper welding current and inter pass temperature to control the heat input (the
higher the heat input, the poor the impact toughness).3. Refer to page B35 welding notes.
C2
SUS: The first “S” stands for Steel, U stands for “Special Use,” and the last “S” represents Stainless.Stainless Steel can resist oxidization because of its surface is covered by a tough lm of Chromium Oxide. If the Cr content is less than 12%, its effect is reduced due to lack of compact protection lm. In addition, when the C content increases, the risk of oxidization is augmented because C easily bond with Cr to form Carbonate Chromium precipitation; which results in lower Cr and hence inferior oxidization resistance. So the typical Stainless Steel, C content is limited under 0.1%, even under 0.03%. Stainless steel applications can be categorized according to its usages such as corrosion resistance, elevated temperature strength decreasing resistance, low temperature toughness decreasing resistance, and etc.
Going by element contents and metallographic, the common stainless steels can be divided into the following three categories: 13 Cr Stainless Steel, martensite type, represented by model SUS410, SUS420. 18 Cr Stainless Steel, ferrite type, represented by model SUS430 18-8 Stainless Steel, austenite type, represented by model SUS304
If we examine the oxidization resistance property, austenite stainless steel > ferrite stainless steel > martensite stainless steel.
If we go by its strength level, then martensite stainless steel > ferrite stainless steel > austenite stainless steel.
• 18-8 series is most popular stainless steel. It has excellent corrosion resistance property, because it contains 18% Cr and 8% Ni. The lattice between Ni and Fe is very close and enhance an adhesiveness of Cr oxide lm on to the matrix. If the lattice between Ni and Fe is space out, this result in poor adhesiveness of Cr oxide.
• When the Ni content reaches 8%, the microstructure will become oxidation resisting austenite structure. The reason is that austenite has single phase multi-angular grain structure; thus its grain boundary is impervious to porosity and lead to good oxidation resistance.
• Austenite structure will form when it is heated to phase transformation temperature or above; however, adding element Ni allows the microstructure to maintain face centered cubic austenite structure in room temperature.
Categoryquenching property
oxidization resistance property
elevated temperature
strength
low temperature toughness
weld-ability
magnetic induc-tance
austenite stainless steel
none superior superior superior superior none
ferrite stainless steel
none superior inferior inferior inferior yes
martensite stainless steel
yes inferior Good inferior inferior yes
Stainless Steel
Material General Review
Sta
inle
ss S
teel
Ma
teri
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Ge
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Re
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C3 C4
The Correlation between Weldability and Microstructure
Martensite Stainless Steel
• SUS410 or SUS 420 types of Martensite Stainless Steel contains about 11~13.5% Cr, which is similar to Low Carbon Steel with magnetic inductance characteristic. During welding process, there is concern of arc blow. It is with higher electrical resistance and lower thermal conductivity coef cient than the normal carbon steel; The brittle structure will be formed by quick cooling.
• To prevent HAZ (Heat Affect Zone) to form hard and brittle structure, which means susceptibility to shrinkage stress and hydrogen inclusion, pre-heating and inter pass temperature must be controlled according to the base metal’s carbon content along with the consideration of the size of weldment, the restriction level, and the ller metal chemical composition.
• The average weldment needs the treatment of 200~400°C of preheat and sustain inter- pass temperature at this level, and 700~800°C of post heat so as to allow a more gradual cooling rate for the weld metal and HAZ which result in less shrinkage stress while allowing more atomic hydrogen to escape in order to achieve better elongation of weld metal.
Ferrite Stainless Steel
• SUS 430 Ferrite stainless steel contains about 15~18% Cr, which is much more than Maternsitic Stainless Steel, and its C content is usually limited under 0.12%. If the C content exceeds 0.20%, it is then classi ed as AISI 431 Matensite Stainless Steel.
• The positive characters of Ferrite Stainless Steel is its soft texture, good elongation, good machining-ability and corrosion resistance, no hardening occurrence due to processing or welding. Besides the similarity with carbon steel and Martensite Stainless steel, there are concerns of the magnetic inductance and arc blow.
• When HAZ (Heat Affected Zone) is heated to melting point around, that will result in grain coarsening which leads to embrittle ; thus, 150°C of preheat is necessary before welding. During the welding process, never stay at the range of embrittlement temperature 400~565°C, especially 475°C, and the weldment should not be overheated also.
• No microstructure transformation for Ferrite Stainless Steel due to its composition, so it is impossible to process ne grain treatment. When it is heated over 930°C, the ferrite will suffer grain coarsening, and embrittlement because of losing its elongation and toughness.
• Ferrite Stainless Steel has few matching standard welding consumables with emphasis mostly on corrosion resistance property and linear expansion coef cient which means the selection of 309, 310, 312 and other austenite stainless steel for welding.
Austenite Stainless Steel
• Austenite Stainless Steel contains many beneficial traits such as high corrosion resistance, machinability, and weldability, which makes it widely popular. 300 series dominates the usage (with minor demand for 200 series). This stainless steel elemental content contains about 15~32% of Cr, Ni 8~37%, and dominates the overall stainless steel demand with over 90% usage. SUS 304 ( 18Cr – 8Ni steel) is one of the most common type.
• Austenite Stainless Steel can retain proper strength and corrosion resistibility regardless of low or high temperature with weldment usage in as welded condition.
• Austenite Stainless Steel does not suffer from magnetic inductance and arc blow during welding process. Series 310, 320 and 330 are full austenite structure which means complete immunity to magnetic inductance; 312 weld metal contains approximately 25% ferrite with obvious magnetic inductance; 304 (L), 309 (L), 347 and likes contain low amount of ferrite which means low but some magnetic inductance. Austenite Stainless Steel with lower alloy content, which suffers from full anneling, such as 304 steel, could have magnetism from cold working.
• Compare to the average carbon steel, low alloy steel or 400 series stainless steel, Austenite Stainless Steel has lower melting point, higher electrical resistance and lower heat conduction coef cient (about 1/3 of average carbon steel); which mean high heat concentration in the welding zone, but with heat expansion coef cient 50% over average; thus is more susceptible to deform due to welding heat and hence requires low heat input welding.
• It has the best weldability because lack of quenching hardening issue. However if the temperature remains between 550 ~ 800°C, the weldment will lose its oxidation resistance due to carbonate chromium precipitation. Choosing low carbon content filler metal when welding in combination of low heat input welding can signi cantly lower carbonate chromium precipitation.In addition to the above described three types, there are precipitation hardened type and duplex phases type stainless steel.
* Precipitation hardened type stainless steel: Major elements are Cr and Ni (Cr accounted for 17%; Ni is 4%) under the category of 600 series stainless steel (like SUS 630). Duplex phases type stainless steel: Main elemental components are Cr, Ni, and Mo (22% of Cr, 9% of Ni, and 3 % of Mo). Since its microstructure contains ferrite and austenite, hence the name duplex phases type stainless steel (such as Alloy 2205).
Sta
inle
ss S
teel
Ma
teri
al
Ge
ne
ral
Re
vie
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Sta
inle
ss S
teel
Ma
teri
al
Ge
ne
ral
Re
vie
w
C5 C6
Base metalClassi cation
(major element composition) %
Covered Electrode
MIG / TIGFlux Cored
Wire
SAW – Submerged arc
welding wire
304 18Cr-8NiG308
G308MGM308GT308
GMX308L GMX308L-O
GS308GS308L
304L18Cr-8Ni-low
carbon contentG308L
NT308LGM308LGT308L
GMX308L GMX308L-O
GS308L
309S 23Cr-12NiG309 G309L
GM309GT309
GMX309L GMX309L-O
GS309GS309L
310S 25Cr-20Ni G310GM310GT310
312 30Cr-9.5Ni G312GM312GT312
316 18Cr-8Ni-2.5Mo G316GM316GT316
GMX316L GMX316L-O
GS316GS316L
316L18Cr-8Ni-2.5Mo-low
carbon contentG316L
GM316LGT316L
GMX316L GMX316L-O
GS316L
31718Cr-13Ni-
3.5MoG317
GM317GT317
347 18Cr-8Ni-Nb G347GM347GT347
321 18Cr-8Ni-Ti G347GM347GT347
410 13Cr G410GM410GT410
430 18Cr G430GM430GT430
Note : G307 and G307M listed on catalog are mainly used on dissimilar metals between Mn steel and cast steel or steel forging welding, not available for welding on stainless steel.
Base metal201202
304304L
309309S
310310S
317316
317L316L316Ti
321347
409430446
410420
Carbon Steels
and Low Alloy
Steels
201202
347308L
347308L
347309LMo
347310
309LMo
318347
308L316L347
347347
309LMo309LMo
309L309LMo
304304L
347308L
347309LMo
308L309L
347310308L
347318308L
347318308L
347308L
309LMo309L 309MoL
309LMo309L
309309S
309LMo309L
309LMo309L310
309LMo318316309L
309L316L318
347309LMo
309LMo309L
309LMo309L
309LMo309L
310310S
310316L318310
316L318310
347310
309LMo309L316L
309LMo309L310
309LMo309L310
317316
318316L
316L318
347316L
309LMo309L
309LMo309L
309LMo309L
317L316L316Ti
316L318
347316L
309LMo309L
309LMo309L
309LMo309L
321347
347309LMo
309L309LMo
309L309LMo309L
409430446
309L309LMo
309LMo309L
309LMo309L
410420
410309LMo
309L
309LMo309
Sta
inle
ss S
teel
Weldi
ng C
onsu
mable
s Sele
ction
(diss
imila
r bas
e meta
l)
Sta
inle
ss S
teel
Weldi
ng C
onsu
mable
s Sele
ction
(sim
ilar b
ase m
etal)
Welding Consumables Selection (similar base metal) Welding Consumables Selection (dissimilar base metal)
C8
1. Recommending low electrical current (low heat input and low dilution rate) of avoiding sensitization due to carbonate chromium precipitation in the HAZ (Heat Affected Zone).
2. To control the welding current within the recommended range for avoiding of core wire overheat and coating peeling off.
3. Short arc welding technique to prevent N2 and O2 into arc creating blow hole and alloy elements burning loss, excessive spatter occurrence and detrimental of weld metal microstructure.
4. To keep weaving width 3 times of core wire diameter as maximum while necessary.
5. Recommending to use jigs, fixtures or proper welding sequence to limit welding deformation.
6. 200~250°C x 1 hr baking prior to use. Proper cleaning of welding groove or joint surface before welding and complete removal of spatter after welding.
7. To follow welding parameter described in welding procedure speci cation (groove type, weldment thickness, welding current and voltage range, etc) to guaranty the quality.
8. Recommending pre-heat and inter-pass temperatures table :
9. The polarity illustration :DCEP ( DC+ ): Electrode positive or DC reverse polarity.DCEN ( DC– ): Electrode negative or DC straight polarity.
Steel Type Pre-heat Temperature Inter pass Temperature
Austenite Type 15ºC (60ºF) 150ºC (300ºF)
Martensite Type 200ºC (400ºF) 310ºC (600ºF)
Ferrite Type 150ºC (300ºF) 260ºC (500ºF)
SMAW Electrodes
Welding Notes
SM
AW
Ele
ctr
od
es
Wel
ding
Not
es
C9 C10
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
630 42
G307M AWS A5.4 E307-26JIS Z 3221 ES307-26
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Ni Cr Mo
0.04 0.53 3.74 9.30 18.80 0.75
G307 AWS A5.4 E307-16JIS Z 3221 ES307-16
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters (A) AC or DC+
Diameter / Length 2.0/250 2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/350
Flat position 30~50 60~85 85~120 115~150
Vertical / overhead position
30~50 50~75 75~105 95~120
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters (A) AC or DC+
Diameter / Length 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450
Flat position 100~140 150~190 200~270
Vertical / overhead position
80~110 120~160 160~190
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Ni Cr Mo
0.08 0.40 4.25 9.8 19.62 0.70
G308L AWS A5.4 E308L-16JIS Z 3221 ES308L-16
G308 AWS A5.4 E308-16JIS Z 3221 ES308-16
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
576 45.2
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters (A) AC or DC+
Diameter / Length
2.0/250 2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/350 5.0/350
Flat position
30~50 60~85 85~120 115~150 140~180
Vertical / overhead position
30~50 50~75 75~105 95~130 —
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Ni Cr Mo
0.04 0.81 0.77 9.70 19.19 0.03
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
556 47.7
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters (A) AC or DC+
Diameter / Length
2.0/250 2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/350 5.0/350
Flat position
30~50 60~85 85~120 115~150 140~180
Vertical / overhead position
30~50 50~75 75~105 95~130 —
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Ni Cr Mo
0.03 0.80 0.66 9.80 19.3 0.02
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
618 40
Product Features:● More higher Mn content than
308, austenite structure weld metal.
● High work hardening tendency, no magnetism.
● Good crack resistance, easy slag removal and less spatter loss.
● High welding performance, good arc stability.
Applications:● Suitable for dissimilar metal
welding on manganese steel to carbon steel castings or forgings.
Product Features:● More higher Mn content than
308, austenite structure weld metal.
● Mild steel cored wire for standing higher welding current and heat.
● Good crack resistance, easy slag removal and less spatter loss.
Applications:● Suitable for dissimilar metal
welding on manganese steel to carbon steel castings or forgings.
Product Features:● Lime Titanium oxide type
stainless steel covered electrode.● All deposited weld metal contains
approximately 19%Cr,9%Ni content elements to get austenite structure.
● Easy slag removal and less spatter loss.
● Good crack and corrosion resistance.
Applications:● Suitable for welding of SUS304,
302 and 305 stainless steels.
Product Features:● Low carbon lime Titanium oxide
type covered electrode for low carbon content stainless steel.
● Good arc stability, easy slag removal and less spatter loss.
● Good bead appearance, crack resistance and corrosion resistance.
Applications:● Suitable for welding of low
carbon content 18Cr-8Ni stainless steel such as SUS304 and 304L.
SM
AW
Ele
ctr
od
es
Pro
duct
s In
trod
uctio
n
SM
AW
Ele
ctr
od
es
Pro
duct
s In
trod
uctio
n
◎ Note: Refer to Page C8 welding notes.
◎ Note: Refer to Page C8 welding notes.
◎ Note: Refer to Page C8 welding notes.
◎ Note: Refer to Page C8 welding notes.
C11 C12
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
585 42
G309 AWS A5.4 E309-16JIS Z 3221 ES309-16
G308M AWS A5.4 E308-26JIS Z 3221 ES308-26
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters (A) AC or DC+
Diameter / Length 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450
Flat position 110~150 150~190 200~270
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters (A) AC or DC+
Diameter / Length 2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/350 5.0/350
Flat position 60~85 85~120 115~150 150~200
Vertical / overhead position
50~75 75~105 95~120 —
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Ni Cr
0.05 0.56 0.69 9.80 19.10
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Ni Cr
0.05 0.72 1.20 13.40 23.70
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
612 37
G309MoL AWS A5.4 E309LMo-16JIS Z 3221 ES309LMo-16
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Ni Cr
0.03 0.72 1.20 13.40 23.70
G309L AWS A5.4 E309L-16JIS Z 3221 ES309L-16
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
570 39
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters (A) AC or DC+
Diameter / Length
2.0/250 2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/350 5.0/350
Flat position
40~60 60~85 85~120 115~150 150~200
Vertical / overhead position
— 50~75 75~105 95~120 —
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
650 40
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Ni Cr Mo
0.03 0.63 1.25 12.94 22.89 2.03
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters (A) AC or DC+
Diameter / Length 2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/350 5.0/350
Flat position 50~85 85~120 115~150 150~200
Vertical / overhead position
50~80 75~105 95~120 —
Product Features:● High welding efciency, austenite
structure type stainless steel covered electrode.
● Mild steel cored wire for standing higher welding current and heat.
● Good arc stability and good for at and horizontal welding positions.
Applications:● Suitable for welding of SUS304,
302,305 stainless steel.
Product Features:● All deposited weld metal contains
approximately 23%Cr-13%Ni elements stainless steel covered electrode.
● Austenite weld metal contains adequate ferrite numbers to get very low crack sensitivity.
● Good heat and corrosion resistance.
Applications:● Welding of SUS 309S stainless
steel.● Welding of Carbon steel or other
high hardening alloy steels to stainless steel.
● Cladding or welding of stainless steel to carbon steel or low alloy steel.
Product Features:● All deposited weld metal contains
approximately 23%Cr-13%Ni elements type covered electrode for low carbon content stainless steel.
● Austenite weld metal contains adequate ferrite numbers to provide low crack sensitivity.
● Good heat and corrosion resistance.
Applications:● Welding of SUS 309L stainless
steel.● Welding of Carbon steel or other
high hardening alloy steels to stainless steel (low carbon).
● Cladding or welding of stainless steel ( low carbon) to carbon steel or low alloy steel.
Product Features:● Lime titanium oxide type covered
electrode for low carbon content stainless steel
● All deposited weld metal contains approximately 2.5%Mo to get better strength, acid and heat resistance than 309L .
● Adequate Ferri te content to provide low crack sensitivity.
Applications:● Welding of SUS 309MoL
stainless steels.● Cladding or welding of SUS316,
316L stainless steel to carbon steel or low alloy steel.
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◎ Note: Refer to Page C8 welding notes.
◎ Note: Refer to Page C8 welding notes.
◎ Note: Refer to Page C8 welding notes.
◎ Note: Refer to Page C8 welding notes.
C13 C14
G312 AWS A5.4 E312-16JIS Z 3221 ES312-16
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Ni Cr
0.10 0.80 1.11 10.26 28.8
G310 AWS A5.4 E310-16JIS Z 3221 ES310-16
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Ni Cr Mo
0.10 0.33 1.63 21.73 27.28 0.07
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
819 23.3
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
569 38.8
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters (A) AC or DC+
Diameter / Length 2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/350 5.0/350
Flat position 60~85 85~120 115~150 150~200
Vertical / overhead position
50~75 75~105 95~130 —
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters (A) AC or DC+
Diameter / Length 2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/350 5.0/350
Flat position 60~85 85~120 115~150 150~200
Vertical / overhead position
50~75 75~105 95~130 —
G316L AWS A5.4 E316L-16JIS Z 3221 ES316L-16
G316 AWS A5.4 E316-16JIS Z 3221 ES316-16
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Ni Cr Mo
0.04 0.70 0.85 12.29 18.0 2.37
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Ni Cr Mo
0.02 0.71 0.63 12.38 17.91 2.37
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
560 41.7
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
580 41.2
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters (A) AC or DC+
Diameter / Length 2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/350 5.0/350
Flat position 60~85 85~120 115~150 150~200
Vertical / overhead position
50~75 75~105 95~130 —
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters (A) AC or DC+
Diameter / Length
2.0/300 2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/350 5.0/350
Flat position
40~60 60~85 85~120 115~150 150~200
Vertical / overhead position
— 50~75 75~105 95~130 —
Product Features:● L i m e t i t a n i u m o x i d e t y p e
stainless steel covered electrode. ● A l l deposi ted fu l l austeni te
structure weld metal contains approximately 25%Cr, 20%Ni elements to get good corrosion/heat resistance, better toughness than high hardening tendency 13%Cr steel.
Applications:● Welding of SUS310 stainless
steel. ● Welding of Cr-Mo steel.● Welding of 13%Cr steel.
Product Features:● All deposited weld metal
contains approximately 29%Cr-9%Ni elements with higher ferrite content than others.
● Higher Cr content in weld metal than others to get good oxidation and crack resistance.
Applications:● Welding of 29%Cr-9%Ni
stainless steel castings.● Suitable for dissimilar metal
welding of stainless steel to low alloy steel or high Ni stainless steels.
Product Features:● Lime titanium oxide type covered
electrode for 316 stainless steel, deposited weld metal contains approximately 18%Cr-12%Ni-2%Mo elements.
● Austenite structure weld metal, good heat, corrosion and crack resistance.
● Weld metal contains Mo element to get good crevice corrosion resistance.
Applications:● Suitable for welding of severe
acid and high heat resistance required SUS316 stainless steel.
Product Features:● L i m e t i t a n i u m o x i d e t y p e
covered electrode for 316 low carbon content stainless steel, deposited weld metal contains approximately 18%Cr-12%Ni-2%Mo elements.
● Austenite structure weld metal, good heat, corrosion and crack resistance, better inter-granular corrosion resistance than 316.
● Weld metal contains Mo element to get good crevice corrosion resistance.
Applications:● Suitable for welding of severe
acid and high heat resistance required SUS316L stainless steel.
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◎ Note: Refer to Page C8 welding notes.
◎ Note: Refer to Page C8 welding notes.
◎ Note: Refer to Page C8 welding notes.
◎ Note: Refer to Page C8 welding notes.
C15 C16
G347 AWS A5.4 E347-16JIS Z 3221 ES347-16
G317 AWS A5.4 E317-16JIS Z 3221 ES317-16
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Ni Cr Mo
0.03 0.83 0.69 12.69 19.05 3.81
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
643 37.6
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
602 51.7
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters (A) AC or DC+
Diameter / Length 2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/350 5.0/350
Flat position 60~85 85~120 115~150 150~200
Vertical / overhead position
50~75 75~105 95~130 —
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters (A) AC or DC+
Diameter / Length 2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/350 5.0/350
Flat position 60~85 85~120 115~150 150~200
Vertical / overhead position
50~75 75~105 95~130 —
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Ni Cr Nb
0.04 0.89 0.79 9.50 19.28 0.49
G2209 AWS A5.4 E2209-16JIS Z 3221 ES2209-16
G410 AWS A5.4 E410-16JIS Z 3221 ES410-16
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Cr
0.09 0.83 0.35 12.83
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
542 29
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters (A) AC or DC+
Diameter / Length 2.6/250 3.2/350 4.0/350 5.0/350
Flat position 60~85 85~120 115~150 150~200
Vertical / overhead position
50~75 75~105 95~130 —
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Ni Cr Mo N
0.03 0.58 0.77 9.4 23.4 3.35 0.22
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
856 26
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters (A) AC or DC+
Diameter / Length 2.6/250 3.2/350 4.0/350 5.0/350
Flat position 60~85 85~120 115~150 150~200
Vertical / overhead position
50~75 75~105 95~130 —
Product Features:● Lime titanium oxide type covered
electrode for stainless steel, deposited weld metal contains approximately18%Cr-12%Ni-3.5%Mo elements.
● Weld metal contain higher Mo to get better pitting,crevice corrosion and heat resistance than 316.
Applications:● Suitable for welding of SUS 317.
Product Features:● Austenite weld metal contains
adequate ferrite to get low crack sensitivity.
● Weld metal contains Nb element to get good inter-granular corrosion resistance.
● Good high temperature creep strength, acid and heat resistance.
Applications:● Welding of SUS321 to 304L,
309,309S.● Welding of SUS347, 348 to
304L, 308, 309, 310S, 316, 317 and 321, etc.
Product Features:● Martensite structure weld
metal, self-hardening and good magnetism at room temperature.
● Good oxidation and corrosion resistance.
● 840~870°C Post Weld Heat treatment to improve ductility and good corrosion resistance.
Applications:● Suitable for welding of 13%Cr
martensite stainless steels such as SUS410, 420J, 420J2.
Product Features:● Lime Titanium oxide type
covered electrode for duplex stainless steel.
● Weld metal contains approximately 22% Cr- 9%Ni- 3% Mo-0.15N elements.
● High tensile strength, good pitting, stress corrosion and crack resistance.
Applications:● Suitable for welding of duplex
stainless steel contains 22%Cr such as SUS 2205.
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◎ Note: Refer to Page C8 welding notes.
◎ Note: Refer to Page C8 welding notes.
◎ Note: Refer to Page C8 welding notes.
◎ Note: Refer to Page C8 welding notes.
C18
Shielding gas is mainly consist of Ar, He and Ar +He mixing gases etc. Used in the semi-auto welding process with welding wire as consumable electrode which is normally called MIG Welding Process. It produces little welding spatter, stable arc, good welding appearance and good mechanical properties in the weld metal.
1. Electrical PolarityDC+ (DC Reverse Polarity) : Normally useDC– (DC Straight Polarity) : Thin work
2. Shielding GasAr + 1~2% O2 or 5% CO2 is the recommended shielding gas because small amount of O2 or CO2 allows metal droplet to produces better wetting effect and evener arc heat. However, due to concern for carbonization, limiting O2 content to 2% or CO2 content to 5% is suggested. Due to the high price of He, it is rarely used unless speci ed or under contract.
3. Arc LengthSpray arc transfer on stainless steel MIG welding process can produce the most appropriate arc length through the idea arc voltage adjustment.
4. Wind protectionProper shelter for outdoor welding and proper ventilation & air ow exchange for indoor welding.
5. Pulse Arc WeldingSome welding equipment allows pulsing function, which creates various high or low interchanging weave formations, during current at pulse peak which becomes spray arc transfer achieving proper fusion, under the condition of low current in current at base, the absent of droplet transfer (short arc transfer) allows weld pool to cool off. In the case of vertical or overhead welding, the metal droplet will not fall which is bene cial to full position welding.
MIG.TIG Wire/Rod
Welding Notes (MIG)
MIG
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C19 C20
Welding Notes (TIG)
TIG welding is commonly used in full penetration pipe butt welding at root pass or thin plate welding, producing almost no welding spatter and excellent bead appearance. It is widely used in high quality or high precision projects.
Precautionary observable measures during welding :1. Electrical Polarity
DC–: Must use, DCEN (tungsten electrode negative), DC straight polarity
2. Shielding GasAr is the commonly used shielding gas with TIG, If higher arc heat is desired, usage of He or a mixture of Ar + He should be considered since the higher He ratio produces higher arc heat. Gas ow rate recommendation : Welding current 100~200A, ow rate 7~15 L/min Welding current 200~300A, ow rate 12~20 L/min
3. Tungsten electrode extension4~5 mm in common use, 2~3mm for corner joint or jobs with lesser air ow shielding, 5~6mm for joint with narrow and deep groove.
4. Wind protectionProper shelter for outdoor welding and proper ventilation & air ow exchange for indoor welding.
5. Arc Length1~3mm in normal application.
GM308 GT308 AWS A5.9 ER308JIS Z 3321 YS308
GM307 AWS A5.9 ER307
Typical chemical composition of wire / rod (wt%)
C Si Mn Ni Cr Mo
0.09 0.42 4.22 9.70 20.0 085
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
660 38
MIG wire size & recommended welding parameters; DC+
Diameter (mm) 1.0 1.2 1.6
Current range (Amp) 70~200 90~250 200~300
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
620 42
Typical chemical composition of wire / rod (wt%)
C Si Mn Ni Cr
0.04 0.34 1.92 9.6 20.10
MIG Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters; DC+
Diameter (mm) 0.9/1.0 1.2 1.6
Current range (Amp) 70~200 90~250 200~300
TIG rod size diameter/length; DC–
Diameter (mm) 1.6 2.0 2.4/2.6 3.2
Length (mm) 1000 1000 1000 1000
Product Features:● Good arc stability and easy to
melt together with base metal.● Good crack resistance, high work
hardening tendency and none-magnetism.
● Good bead appearance.
Applications:● Suitable for dissimilar metal
welding on manganese steel to carbon steel castings or forgings.
Shielding gas : ● Ar+ 1~2% O2 (MIG) ● 100%Ar (TIG)
Product Features:● Good arc stability and easy to
melt together with base metal.● Austenite weld metal contains
adequate ferrite numbers to provide low crack sensitivity.
● Good bead appearance.
Applications:● Suitable for welding of SUS304,
302, 305.
Shielding gas : ● Ar+ 1~2% O2 (MIG) ● 100%Ar (TIG)
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◎ Note: refer to page C18 welding notes.
◎ Note: Refer to Page C18 and C19 welding notes.
C21 C22
Product Features:● Full austenite structure weld
metal, good corrosion and heat resistance, better toughness than high hardening tendency 13%Cr steel.
Applications:● Welding of SUS310 stainless
steel.● Welding of Cr-Mo steels.● Welding of 13%Cr steel.
Shielding gas : ● Ar+ 1~2% O2 (MIG) ● 100%Ar (TIG)
Product Features:● Low carbon content, Austenite
weld metal contains adequate ferrite, good heat and crack resistance.
Applications:● Cladding or welding of stainless
steel to carbon steel or low alloy steel.
Shielding gas : ● Ar+ 1~2% O2 (MIG) ● 100%Ar (TIG)
GM309 GT309
GM308L GT308L AWS A5.9 ER308LJIS Z 3321 YS308L
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
600 43
Typical chemical composition of wire / rod (wt%)
C Si Mn Ni Cr
0.03 0.32 1.63 10.10 20.20
MIG wire size & recommended welding parameters; DC+
Diameter (mm) 0.9/1.0 1.2 1.6
Current range (Amp) 70~200 90~250 200~300
AWS A5.9 ER309JIS Z 3321 YS309
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
600 43
Typical chemical composition of wire / rod (wt%)
C Si Mn Ni Cr
0.03 0.32 1.63 13.3 23.70
MIG wire size & recommended welding parameters; DC+
Diameter (mm) 0.9/1.0 1.2 1.6
Current range (Amp) 70~200 90~250 200~300
TIG rod size diameter/length; DC–
Diameter (mm) 1.6 2.0 2.4/2.6 3.2
Length (mm) 1000 1000 1000 1000
TIG rod size diameter/length; DC–
Diameter (mm) 1.6 2.0 2.4/2.6 3.2
Length (mm) 1000 1000 1000 1000
GM310 GT310 AWS A5.9 ER310JIS Z 3321 YS310
GM309L GT309L AWS A5.9 ER309LJIS Z 3321 YS309L
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
570 43
MIG wire size & recommended welding parameters; DC+
Diameter (mm) 0.9/1.0 1.2 1.6
Current range (Amp) 70~200 90~250 200~300
Typical chemical composition of wire / rod (wt%)
C Si Mn Ni Cr
0.02 0.34 1.65 13.6 23.40
TIG rod size diameter/length; DC–
Diameter (mm) 1.6 2.0 2.4/2.6 3.2
Length (mm) 1000 1000 1000 1000
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
590 41
MIG wire size & recommended welding parameters; DC+
Diameter (mm) 0.9/1.0 1.2 1.6
Current range (Amp) 70~200 90~250 200~300
Typical chemical composition of wire / rod (wt%)
C Si Mn Ni Cr
0.11 0.30 1.52 20.5 25.4
TIG rod size diameter/length; DC–
Diameter (mm) 1.6 2.0 2.4/2.6 3.2
Length (mm) 1000 1000 1000 1000
Product Features:● Low carbon content in weld
metal to get good inter-granular corrosion resistance.
Applications:● Sui table for welding of low
carbon content 18%Cr-8%Nistainless steel (SUS304 or SUS 304L).
Shielding gas : ● Ar+ 1~2% O2 (MIG) ● 100%Ar (TIG)
Product Features:● Austenite weld metal contains
adequate ferrite numbers to provide low crack sensitivity.
● Good heat and corrosion resistance.
Applications:● Welding of SUS 309S stainless
steel.● Welding of carbon steel or other
high hardening alloy steels to stainless steel.
● Cladding or welding of stainless steel to carbon steel or low alloy steel.
Shielding gas : ● Ar+ 1~2% O2 (MIG) ● 100%Ar (TIG)
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◎ Note: Refer to Page C18 and C19 welding notes.
◎ Note: Refer to Page C18 and C19 welding notes.
◎ Note: Refer to Page C18 and C19 welding notes.
◎ Note: Refer to Page C18 and C19 welding notes.
C23 C24
GM316 GT316
GM312 GT312 AWS A5.9 ER312JIS Z 3321 YS312
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
700 34
Typical chemical composition of wire / rod (wt%)
C Si Mn Ni Cr
0.12 0.41 1.37 9.1 30.2
MIG wire size & recommended welding parameters; DC+
Diameter (mm) 0.9/1.0 1.2 1.6
Current range (Amp) 70~200 90~250 200~300
AWS A5.9 ER316JIS Z 3321 YS316
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
580 38
MIG wire size & recommended welding parameters; DC+
Diameter (mm) 0.9/1.0 1.2 1.6
Current range (Amp) 70~200 90~250 200~300
TIG rod size diameter/length; DC–
Diameter (mm) 1.6 2.0 2.4/2.6 3.2
Length (mm) 1000 1000 1000 1000
TIG rod size diameter/length; DC–
Diameter (mm) 1.6 2.0 2.4/2.6 3.2
Length (mm) 1000 1000 1000 1000
Typical chemical composition of wire / rod (wt%)
C Si Mn Ni Cr Mo
0.04 0.40 1.48 13.5 18.8 2.7
GM347 GT347 AWS A5.9 ER347JIS Z 3321 YS347
GM316L GT316L AWS A5.9 ER316LJIS Z 3321 YS316L
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
560 43
MIG wire size & recommended welding parameters; DC+
Diameter (mm) 0.9/1.0 1.2 1.6
Current range (Amp) 70~200 90~250 200~300
TIG rod size diameter/length; DC–
Diameter (mm) 1.6 2.0 2.4/2.6 3.2
Length (mm) 1000 1000 1000 1000
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
630 39
MIG wire size & recommended welding parameters; DC+
Diameter (mm) 0.9/1.0 1.2 1.6
Current range (Amp) 70~200 90~250 200~300
TIG rod size diameter/length; DC–
Diameter (mm) 1.6 2.0 2.4/2.6 3.2
Length (mm) 1000 1000 1000 1000
Typical chemical composition of wire / rod (wt%)
C Si Mn Ni Cr Mo
0.02 0.39 1.58 12.7 19.2 2.31
Typical chemical composition of wire / rod (wt%)
C Si Mn Ni Cr Nb
0.06 0.44 1.83 9.7 20.1 0.85
Product Features:● Austenite structure weld metal
contains higher ferrite than other stainless steels.
● Higher Cr content in weld metal than others to get good oxidation and crack resistance.
Applications:● Welding of 29%Cr-9%Ni
stainless steel castings.● Suitable for dissimilar metal
welding of stainless steel to low alloy steels or high Ni stainless steels.
Shielding gas : ● Ar+ 1~2% O2 (MIG) ● 100%Ar (TIG)
Product Features:● Austenite structure weld metal,
good of heat, corrosion and crack resistance.
● Weld metal contains Mo element to get good inter-granular crevice corrosion resistance.
Applications:● Suitable for welding of severe
acid and high heat resistance required SUS316 stainless steel.
Shielding gas : ● Ar+ 1~2% O2 (MIG) ● 100%Ar (TIG)
Product Features:● Austenite structure weld metal,
good heat, corrosion and crack resistance, better inter-granular corrosion resistance than 316.
● Weld metal contains Mo element to get good inter-granular crevice corrosion resistance.
Applications:● Suitable for welding of severe
acid and high heat resistance required SUS316 stainless steel.
Shielding gas : ● Ar+ 1~2% O2 (MIG) ● 100%Ar (TIG)
Product Features:● Austenite structure weld metal
contains adequate ferrite to get low crack sensitivity.
● Weld metal contains Nb element to get good inter-granular corrosion resistance.
● Good high temperature creep strength, acid and heat resistance.
Applications:● SUS321 to 304L, 309, 309S● SUS347, 348 to 304L, 309● SUS310S, 316, 317, 321
Shielding gas : ● Ar+ 1~2% O2 (MIG) ● 100%Ar (TIG)
MIG
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◎ Note: Refer to Page C18 and C19 welding notes.
◎ Note: Refer to Page C18 and C19 welding notes. ◎ Note: Refer to Page C18 and C19 welding notes.
◎ Note: Refer to Page C18 and C19 welding notes.
C25 C26
GM410 GT410 AWS A5.9 ER410JIS Z 3321 YS410
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
Post Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT)
630 39 850°Cx2hr
Typical chemical composition of wire / rod (wt%)
C Si Mn Cr
0.10 0.35 0.55 13.1
MIG wire size & recommended welding parameters; DC+
Diameter (mm) 0.9/1.0 1.2 1.6
Current range (Amp) 70~200 90~250 200~300
TIG size Wire diameter/length; DC–
Diameter (mm) 1.6 2.0 2.4/2.6 3.2
Length (mm) 1000 1000 1000 1000
TIG rod size diameter/length; DC–
Diameter (mm) 1.6 2.0 2.4/2.6 3.2
Length (mm) 1000 1000 1000 1000
GT430 AWS A5.9 ER430JIS Z 3321 YS430
Typical chemical composition of wire / rod (wt%)
C Si Mn Ni Cr
0.05 0.25 0.45 0.45 16.9
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
Post Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT)
480 34 770°Cx2hr
GT630 AWS A5.9 ER630
TIG rod size diameter/length; DC–
Diameter (mm) 1.6 2.0 2.4/2.6 3.2
Length (mm) 1000 1000 1000 1000
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
Post Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT)
1100 15
1030°C× 1hr Air Temperature
+620°Cx 4hr Air Temperature
Typical chemical composition of wire / rod (wt%)
C Si Mn Ni Cr Cu Nb
0.03 0.45 0.61 4.59 16.1 3.50 0.19
Product Features:● Martensite structure weld metal,
self-hardening and magnetism at room temperature.
● Good oxidation and corrosion resistance.
● 840~870°C Post Weld Heat treatment to improve ductility and corrosion resistance.
Applications:● Suitable for welding of 13%Cr
martensite stainless steel such as SUS410, 420J, 420J2.
Shielding gas : ● Ar+ 1~2% O2 (MIG) ● 100%Ar (TIG)
Product Features:● Ferrite structure weld metal.● Good high temperature
creep strength, acid and heat resistance.
Applications:● Suitable for welding of 16%Cr
stainless steel such as SUS430.
Shielding gas : ● 100%Ar
Product Features:● Precipitation hardening type
stainless steel TIG wire.
Applications:● Suitable for welding of 17-4 PH
type corrosion and abrasion resistant steel.
Shielding gas : ● 100%Ar
MIG
.TIG
Wire
/Rod
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◎ Note: Refer to Page C18 and C19 welding notes.
◎ Note: Refer to Page C19 welding notes.
◎ Note: Refer to Page C19 welding notes.
C28
SAW (Submerged Arc Welding) is suitable when demanding high quality and high ef cient applications. Depending on the selection of ux, the Si content in stainless steel SAW weld metal tends to be higher than in other welding process to lead heat shrinkage or cracking, therefore it is not appropriate for full austenite stainless steel or stainless steel with ferrite number under 4 FN such as 310.
1. Groove Typea. Groove type referred to the chart below:
b. Double sided groove for thick work to prevent deformation.c. Proper control welding parameters to result easy slag removal.
2. Welding Parametersa. Welding parameters like welding current and voltage, welding speed, wire diameter shall
proceed according to welding procedure speci cation. In principle, high electrical current must be avoided to prevent detriment of weld metal mechanical properties and excessive deformation etc.
b. When comparing to low carbon steel, stainless steel has lower heat conducting rate, higher electrical resistance to have 25~30% melting rate and lower melting point along with deeper penetration when dealing with the same groove type. So its required welding current is only 80% that of low carbon steel.
c. Wire extension length greatly affects the melting rate, arc stability, bead appearance and mechanical properties etc; careful scrutiny of tip wear condition is essential in order to achieve good welding results.
3. Precautionary MeasuresTo apply low heat input welding for preventing the produce of Chromium Carbide
precipitation resulting hot crack due to sluggish cooling rate.Proper groove width for better controlling the weld metal Ferrite content (≥ 5FN).
I Groove Y Groove V Groove Double Y Groove
Combined Type of V and U Groove
Single U Groove
SAW – Submerged Arc Welding Wire
Welding Notes
SAW
– S
ubm
erge
d A
rc W
eldi
ng W
ireW
eldi
ng N
otes
C29
GS308 GS308L AWS A5.9 ER308(L)JIS Z 3324 YS308(L)
Typical chemical composition of wire (wt%)
Wire diameter (mm) C Si Mn Ni Cr
308 0.05 0.48 1.95 9.7 19.9
308L 0.03 0.47 1.41 10.2 19.8
GS309 GS309L AWS A5.9 ER309(L)JIS Z 3324 YS309(L)
Typical chemical composition of wire (wt%)
Wire diameter (mm) C Si Mn Ni Cr
309 0.06 0.45 1.64 13.5 24.3
309L 0.03 0.40 1.45 13.4 24.2
GS316 GS316L AWS A5.9 ER316(L)JIS Z 3324 YS316(L)
Typical chemical composition of wire (wt%)
Wire diameter (mm)
C Si Mn Ni Cr Mo
316 0.05 0.54 1.60 13.3 19.7 2.29
316L 0.03 0.52 1.55 13.2 19.7 2.32
Flux Cored Wire
Applications:● Suitable for welding of SUS304,
302, 305.
Applications:● SUS309S● Carbon steels, low alloy steels to
stainless steels.● Hardening type alloy steels to
stainless steels.
Applications:● Suitable for welding of SUS316/
316L.
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◎ Note: refer to page C28 welding notes.
◎ Note: refer to page C28 welding notes.
C31 C32
Unique characteristics:1. Stainless steel flux cored wire has deposition rate of 2~4 times of covered electrode.
The deposition efciency is about 90%.2. Easier adjustment of welding parameters than solid wire.3. Minimal welding spatter produced, easy slag removal and good bead appearance. 4. High arc stability, easy to pass RT examination.
1. Shielding GasCO2 or Ar + 20~25% CO2 mixed gas, depending on wire classi cation.Proper ow rate: 20~25 L/min.
2. Wire Extensiona. Wire diameter 0.9 mm: 15~20 mm Wire diameter 1.2 & 1.6 mm: 15~25 mmb.Improper extension will cause improper shielding and result blow hole, incomplete fusion
and other welding defects.c.For self shield type, please refer to individual product features.
3. Wind protectionProper shelter for outdoor welding and proper ventilation & air ow exchange for indoor welding.
4. Welding FumesUsers must observe safety regulations and warning signs while follow proper precautionary procedures.
5. Welding Wire Storage RequirementsGood ventilation storage area for unopened welding wire, plastic bag covered with desiccant for opened but un nished welding wire.
6. Welding parameter and Deposition rate (reference data)
GMX308L AWS A5.22 E308LT1-1JIS Z 3323 TS308L-FC1
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
573 39.3
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Ni Cr
0.03 0.60 1.59 9.87 19.18
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters
Diameter 1.2mm 1.6mm
Polarity DC+ DC+
Ampere (A)
Flat/ Horizontal position 150~250 200~300
Vertical / overhead position
100~140 —
Shielding Gas CO2 CO2
wire dia.(mm)
welding current(A)
welding voltage(V)
deposition rate(Kg/hr)
extension (mm)
1.2
150180200220250
24~2625~2726~2827~2928~30
2.33.03.64.24.8
15~25
1.6
200220240280300
28~3029~3129~3131~3331~34
3.03.63.95.05.5
Welding Notes
Product Features:● Rutile type gas shield flux cored arc
welding wire, austenite structure weld metal.
● Smooth arc, low spatter loss and easy slag removal.
● Low carbon content in weld metal to get good crack and inter-granular corrosion resistance.
● Good bead appearance.● Easy to get Smooth llet weld size.
Applications:● Suitable for welding of stainless steels
such as SUS301, 302, 304, 304L and 305.
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C33 C34
GMX308L-O AWS A5.22 E308LT0-3JIS Z 3323 TS308L-FN0
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
563 43
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Ni Cr
0.03 0.48 1.50 9.8 19.8
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters
Diameter 1.2mm 1.6mm 2.4mm
Polarity DC+ DC+ DC+
Ampere (A) 170~280 200~300 250~450
wire extension (mm) 15~30 20~30 25~35
Shielding Gas Self Shield Self Shield Self Shield
GMX309L AWS A5.22 E309LT1-1JIS Z3323 TS309L-FC1
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
619 35.4
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Ni Cr
0.04 0.32 1.43 12.70 23.78
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters
Diameter 1.2mm 1.6mm
Polarity DC+ DC+
Ampere (A)
Flat/ Horizontal position 160~250 200~300
Vertical / overhead position
100~140 —
Shielding Gas CO2 CO2
Product Features:● Self shield type ux cored arc welding
wire.● Smooth arc, low spatter loss and easy
slag removal.● Good bead appearance, shallow
penetration, especially suitable for cladding or buildup.
● High deposition ef ciency.
Applications:● Suitable for welding of stainless steels
such as SUS301, 302, 304, 304L and 305.
Product Features:● Rutile type gas shield flux cored arc
welding wire, austenite structure weld metal.
● Low spatter loss and easy slag removal.● High welding performance, austenite
weld metal contains adequate ferrite numbers to get good crack resistance.
● Low carbon content in weld metal to get good inter-granular corrosion resistance.
● Smooth llet weld size.
Applications:● Welding of SUS 309L stainless steel.● Welding of carbon steels or other high
hardening alloy steels to stainless steels (low carbon).
● Cladding or welding of stainless steels to carbon steels or low alloy steels.
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◎ Note: 1.Use general CO2 welding machine with proper feed roller pressure. 2.Refer to page C31 welding notes.
◎ Note: 1.Use general CO2 welding machine with proper feed roller pressure.2.Refer to page C31 welding notes.
C35 C36
GMX309L-O AWS A5.22 E309LT0-3JIS Z3323 TS309L-FN0
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
619 35.4
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Ni Cr
0.04 0.32 1.43 12.70 23.78
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters
Diameter 1.2mm 1.6mm 2.4mm
Polarity DC+ DC+ DC+
Ampere (A) 160~250 200~300 250~450
wire extension (mm) 15~30 20~30 25~35
Shielding Gas Self Shield Self Shield Self Shield
GMX309LMo AWS A5.22 E309LMoT1-1JIS Z3323 TS309LMo-FC1
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
559 38
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Ni Cr Mo
0.03 0.55 1.55 13.5 23.8 2.42
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters
Diameter 1.2mm 1.6mm
Polarity DC+ DC+
Ampere (A)
Flat/ Horizontal position 160~250 200~300
Vertical / overhead position
90~130 —
Shielding Gas CO2 CO2
Product Features:● Self shield type ux cored arc welding
wire.● Smooth arc, low spatter loss and easy
slag removal.● Smooth and Good bead appearance,
shallow penetration suitable for cladding or buildup.
Applications:● Welding of SUS 309L stainless steel and
dissimilar metal welding of carbon steels to stainless steels.
● Dissimilar metal welding of high hardening alloy steels to stainless steels.
● Cladding or welding of stainless steels to carbon steels or low alloy steels.
Product Features:● Rutile type gas shield flux cored arc
welding wire, austenite structure weld metal.
● Weld metal contains Mo element to get good high temperature strength, good crack and inter-granular corrosion resistance.
● Low spatter loss and easy slag removal.
Applications:● Dissimilar metal welding of SUS316L to
carbon steels or low alloy steels.● Cladding of SUS316, 316L to carbon
steels and low alloy steels.
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◎ Note: 1.Use general CO2 welding machine with proper feed roller pressure. 2.Refer to page C31 welding notes.
◎ Note: 1.Use general CO2 welding machine with proper feed roller pressure. 2.Refer to page C31 welding notes.
C37
GMX316L AWS A5.22 E316LT1-1JIS Z3323 TS316L-FC1
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
550 42
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Ni Cr Mo
0.03 0.50 1.45 12.4 18.9 2.35
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters
Diameter 1.2mm 1.6mm
Polarity DC+ DC+
Ampere (A)
Flat/ Horizontal position 150~250 200~300
Vertical / overhead position
90~130 —
Shielding Gas CO2 CO2
Product Features:● Rutile type gas shield flux cored arc
welding wire, austenite structure weld metal.
● Smooth arc, low spatter loss and easy slag removal.
● High welding performance, weld metal contains adequate ferrite to get good crack resistance.
● Low carbon content in weld metal to get good inter-granular corrosion resistance.
● Good low temperature impact toughness and corrosion resistance.
Applications:● Suitable for welding of severe acid and
high heat resistance required SUS316 stainless steel.
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◎ Note: 1.Use general CO2 welding machine with proper feed roller pressure. 2.Refer to page C31 welding notes.
D2
Hardfacing process is the most economical way to allow a work to achieve maximum application and usage longevity. As it name suggests, hardfacing is to build up upon the softer base metals’ surface one or multi-layers of hardfacing alloys according to speci c needs.
There are commonly three types of welding process to restore abrasive of wear out work :
1. Build-upIf the project base metal suffers great abrasion, use the proper ller metal to restore
the base metal back to its original dimension on the working piece prior to hardfacing welding.
2. ButteringWhen the ller metal for hardfacing layer and the base metal’s mechanical properties
along with physical property have great variation, it is difficult to weld the two together; hence, it is essential to select the proper ller metal for the project base metal to serve as a buffer in reducing the incompatibility.
3. HardfacingHardfacing also known as surface hardening welding is achieved by welding the wear
resistant layer onto base metal or surface layer for the purpose of extending the longevity of mechanical equipment. It is normally limited to two to three welding layers.
How to select the proper hardfacing ller metal :Welding ller metal is selected according to the following criteria :1.Base metal will affect the selection of ller metal for base (root ) layer, for example: a. Mn Steel: for equipment suffered severe impact condition. Use high Mn content filler
metal to restore the base metal to its original size. b. Carbon steel or low alloy steel: directly use low alloy hardfacing ller metal to restore its
size.
2. Abrasion types as following :a. severe abrasion:
Severe abrasion is often accompanied by high stress concentration and low impact level. The work could possibly involve rolling over rigid minerals or serving as surface blocking corrosive material. The usages typically are agricultural machinery equipment, metallic sieve, lter, pulpous material conveyor pump.
b. severe impact:Severe striking or pounding could cause the metal surface to crack, crush, or cratering. The usages typically are repair welding on coned mining crusher, hammering crusher, impactor bars, rail frogs and crossings.
c. metal to metal (friction or stick to) : Metal to metal spinning or sliding against each other. Usages such as roller, y wheel, razor, scissors, or bearing surface.
Hardfacing and Wear Resistant Use
Hardfacing General Review
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d. metal to sand (impact and abrasion) : The main cause of wearing is sand which has mild impact character. The wear comes from simultaneous movement of impact and wearing. Usages are excavator, agriculture or industrial equipment’s shovel teeth, cutter, etc.
e. wearing at elevated temperature:This type of wear is accompanied by high temperature during working. Examples are hot forging die, steel milling shop, hot press roller, heat exchanger blade, die tool, continuous casting guide roller, etc.
f. wearing under corrosion environment (ablation) : Chemical corrosion in usages such as chemistry lab apparatus and equipment. Actually many abrasions occur not just due to a singular cause, but possibly two or more simultaneously; thus, the selection of hard facing ller metal must use abrasion type as the main consideration in determining selection priority.
3.welding processThe main determinant of selecting welding process is based on the restoring
equipment’s measurement and quantity; welding position; available welding equipments; and the necessary frequency of hardfacing; with its common welding processes as the following : (1) SMAW (Shielded Metal Arc Welding) :
Using stick electrode requires minimum tools, least consideration of welding location and welding position.
(2) Semi Auto Welding :Using wire feeder, self shield or gas shield flux cored wire has comparable higher deposition ef ciency than SMAW.
(3) Automatic Welding :This requires more complicated welding equipment and pre-welding preparation, but due to its high deposition ef ciency, the productivity is greatly enhanced which can be acquired through the methods below :(A) Neutral ux pairs up with alloyed wire (also commonly known as composite wire). (B) Alloyed ux matches up with carbon steel wire. (C) Using partial self-shield ux cored wire, ux may be used or not depending on the
need.
4. The polarity illustration :DCEP ( DC+ ): Electrode positive or DC reverse polarity.DCEN ( DC– ): Electrode negative or DC straight polarity.
Welding consumables selection
Abrasion Type
Alloy TypeWeld Metal Microstruc-
tureProperties Application
severe im-pact
High Mn Steel
austenite structure
High impact toughness and superior work hardening ability. As welded condition application with no need to measure hardness, and no welding layers limitation.
13%Mn Steel, crusher hammer, impacter, rail coupling.
buffer layer and welding joint repair
low alloy content
bainite+
pearlite
Use as surface layer; serve as buttering of buffer layer; sometime it is used as nal hardfacing layer especially in good crack resistance weld metal or when good machining ability is called for.
gear, shovel roller, chain roller, clutch rod, guide roller and buttering for buffer layer.
metal to metal
abrasion(sticky
abrasion)
medium and low alloy content
small to large quantity of martensite
To be used for metal to metal friction or sliding (no lubrication). Holds medium to high hardness and high wear resistance.
bulldozer y wheel, conveyor connecting parts, shovel cutter edge, screw type conveyor.
metal to sand abrasion
(impact and wearing)
mediumalloy
contents (containing carbonate)
medium carbonate
content alloyed type
Good resistance for metal to sand impact and abra-sion. Contains suf cient carbonate, able to resist wearing at very low stress condition.
bulldozer cutter edge, shovel teeth, impact hammer, sand agitator blade, sieve, cement agitator , dredge cut-ter, agriculture shovel.
severe abrasion
carbonatelarge quantity
carbonate alloy
Good resistance for metal to sand stone or rock crush-ing or grinding; or use in severe metal surface wear condition. Normally used in environment with high press stress and medium to low impact characteristics.
sand blast nozzle, coal crusher, crushing roller, auger, conveyor screw rod, crusher parts, agricultural tools, shovel teeth, hot ash elbow.
metal to metal of heat fatigue resis-
tant abra-sion ( high
temperature or corrosion condition)
13% Cr series stain-
less steel
13% Cr martensite
Holds superior corrosion resistance and heat fatigue resistance characteristics.
heat exchanger n blade, die tool, turbine blade, heat resistant valve gate, chemical containers, equipment and continuous casting rollers.
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Products
Abrasion categoryHardnessHRC
SMAW Electrode
Flux Cored wireSAW (Submerged arc welding wire)
15
~
50
GH13MHARDMANG 1HARDMANG 3
MXW MANG 1MXW MANG 3
—
Rail coupler
15
~
39
GH300GH300RGH350R
MXW BU-OMXW BU-G
MXW K104-SBuffer layers before
hardfacing
35
~
54
GH450GH450RGH600
GH600R
MXW SUPER BU-G
MXW BB-GMXW 102-G
MXW K107-SMXW K105-SMXW K102-S
Crane wheel Excavator
40
~
64
GH750GH900
GH900WHARD DHARD 31HARD 35GH800
MXW DMXW DD-GMXW 969-GMXW 969-OMXW M7-GMXW R117MXW R100MXW R101
MXW R100MXW R101
55
~
68
HARD 35GH800
GH900MnGH950Nb
GH950GH950CGHCW
MXW R100MXW R101
MXW R100DMXW R100SHD
MXW 62-OMXW 63-OMXW 65-OMXW 66-OMXW 70-O
MXW R100MXW R101
MXW R100DMXW R100SHD
MXW 62-OMXW 63-OMXW 65-OMXW 66-OMXW 70-O
35
~
55GH13Cr-4 GMX 410NiMo
MXW K410NiMo-SMXW K420-SMXW K423-S
Valve disk
To obtain the ideal hardfacing result and minimize cracking, carefully select the proper alloyed hardfacing ller metal and welding procedure is recommended; Pay attention to the following additional points :1. base metal preparation
Surface corrosive and impure material such as grease, dirt, etc. must be removed; otherwise blow holes will most likely to occur. In addition, when the base metal has cracked already, the weld metal will continue to suffer cracks as well; thus, the defects on the base metal must be removed before welding.2. Heat input and temperature controlIn order to lessen cracking occurring, consult the following guidance :
a. Pre-heat and inter pass temperature controlThis is one effective step to avoid cracking. The chart lists base metal’s carbon equivalent (Ceq) and the recommended preheat and inter pass temperature. During actual welding, the work’s size, thickness, ller metal and welding process should be taken into consideration.
Table 1 : base metal carbon equivalent and preheat & inter pass temperature reference value
Remark :1. Ceq % = C + Mn / 6 + Si / 2 4 + Cr / 5 + Mo / 4 + Ni / 15. 2. Post weld heat treatment is needed according to base metal alloy contents or carbon
equivalent. 3. The 300 series’ austenite stainless steel not included in the high alloy steel section.
b. Post heating after welding Recommending 300~350°C post heating immediately after welding and sustain 10-30 minutes to avoid cracking. Do not over heating or might cause hardness decline.
Steel Type Carbon Equivalentpre-heat and inter pass
temperature
Carbon Steel
≦0.3 >0.3 but ≦0.4 >0.4 but ≦0.5 >0.5 but ≦0.6 >0.6 but ≦0.7 >0.7 but ≦0.8
>0.8
≦100°C≧100°C≧150°C≧200°C≧250°C≧300°C≧350°C
Mn Steel (13%Mn)No need to pre-heat, but inter pass temperature must be controlled below 260°C.
Austenite Stainless SteelNo need to pre-heat, inter pass temperature is below 150°C.
High Alloy Steel(high Chromium Carbide)
Above 400°C.
Welding Notes
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Shovel teeth
Scraper cutter
Crusher wheel
Coal crusher wheel
D7
c. Post Weld Heat TreatmentPost weld heat treatment of 550~750°C can effectively avoid cracking, less deformation and improve weld metal characteristics. Make sure hardness criteria is reasonable prior to post weld heat treatment.
3. Buffer layer When base metal requires a layer of extreme hard high alloy content weld metal,
make sure to weld on a layer of lower alloy content buffer layer to avoid cracking.
4. PenetrationDuring hardfacing welding operation, the weld metal’s characteristics will be changed
according to the degree of penetration from ller and base metal’s mutual dilution. Usually the filler metal’s chemical composition differs from the base metal; to achieve ideal hardness and characteristics for the weld metal, use as often as possible multi-passes technique in order to avoid high penetration and high dilution.
5. Welding deformationTo decrease work piece’s deformation, use short bead, intermittent technique,
symmetric welding technique, or fasten the work piece into stationary position before welding.
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Hardfacing and Wear Resistant SMAW Electrodes
D9 D10
GH13M JIS Z 3251 DFMA-250B HARDMANG 3 —
HARDMANG 1 —
Typical hardness of weld metal
As Welded HRC After work hardening HRC
19 42
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Cr
0.31 0.20 12.85 0.1
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters(A)
Diameter/ length 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450
Flat position 100~140 140~190 180~230
Typical hardness of weld metal
As welded HRC After work hardening HRC
23 47
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Cr
0.79 0.58 14.18 2.92
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters(A)
Diameter/ length
2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450
Flat position 50~80 100~140 140~190 180~230
Typical hardness of weld metal
As welded HRC After work hardening HRC
21 46
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters(A)
Diameter/ length 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450
Flat position 100~140 140~190 180~230
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Cr Ni
0.32 0.43 16.24 16.99 0.01
1. During welding, the arc starting point should be 1~2 cm behind the welding start point. Once the arc starts, pull it back to the welding start point to begin welding to avoid the occurrence of blow hole. This is known as the forehand & backhand arc starting technique.
2. Use short arc technique to prevent permeation of N2 and O2 into the arc creating blow hole and alloy elements burning loss.
3. If weaving is needed, the weaving width should not exceed 3 times the core wire diameter.
4. Consult the individual product notes for baking and cleaning requirement.
Welding Notes (SMAW Electrodes)
Product Features:● Work hardening type covered
electrode for austenite manganese steel.
● High toughness weld metal.● High impact resistance subjected
to severe abrasion conditions.
Applications:● Suitable for welding of 13%
manganese steel ; repair welding of crusher hammer, pliers and buckets; Build up repair of heavy machinery rail couplers subjected to severe impact.
Product Features:● Work hardening type covered
electrode for austenite manganese steel.
● High toughness weld metal to get fast hardening on high impact working condition.
● Suitable for buildup and repair welding of Mn steel.
● Welding of austenite Mn steel to Mn steel.
Applications:● Suitable for repair welding
of coned mining crusher, hammering crusher, impactor bars, rail frogs and crossings.
Product Features:● Work hardening type covered
electrodes for austenite manganese steel.
● High toughness weld metal to get fast hardening on high impact work condition.
● Welding of Mn steel to carbon steels.
Applications:● Suitable for repair welding
of coned mining crusher, hammering crusher, impactor bars, rail frogs and crossings.
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Welding Notes (SMAW Electrodes)
◎ Note: 1. 200~250°C x 1 hr baking prior to use.2. Keep lower welding current to avoid overheating. 3. Peening immediately after each welding bead nished.
◎ Note: 1. 300~350°C x 1 hr baking prior to use.2. Inter pass temperature ≦ 260°C while multiple
passes welding to avoid crack, not necessary for preheat and post heat.
◎ Note: 1. 300~350°C x 1 hr baking prior to use. 2. Inter pass temperature ≦ 260°C while multiple
passes welding to avoid crack, not necessary for preheat and post heat.
D11 D12
GH300 JIS Z 3251 DF2A-300B
GH300R JIS Z 3251 DF2A-300R
Typical hardness of weld metal
As welded HRC 950°C water quenching HRC
31 42.5
Typical hardness of weld metal
As welded HRC 950°C quenching HRC
31 42.5
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters(A)
Diameter/ length
2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450
Flat position 50~80 100~140 140~190 180~230
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Cr Mo
0.07 0.46 0.99 1.71 0.23
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters(A)
Diameter/ length 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450
Flat position 100~140 140~190 180~230
Vertical / overhead position
90~120 120~170 —
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Cr Mo
0.13 0.60 1.25 1.10 0.03
GH350R JIS Z 3251 DF2A-350R
GH450 JIS Z 3251 DF2A-450B
Typical hardness of weld metal
As welded HRC layers
35.7 3
Typical hardness of weld metal
As welded HRC 600°CTempering HRC
46.6 36.5
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters(A)
Diameter/ length 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450
Flat position 100~140 140~190 180~230
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Cr Mo
0.11 0.37 0.86 2.37 0.63
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Cr Mo
0.27 0.88 1.09 2.36 0.22
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters(A)
Diameter/ length
2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450
Flat position 50~80 100~140 140~190 180~230
Product Features:● Weld metal typical hardness
approximately HRC31.● High welding performance, low
spatter loss and good bead appearance.
● Good cutting workability.
Applications:● Suitable for repairing welding on
1st buffer layer of gear, shaft, bulldozer's roller/guide roller, rail and wheel, etc.
Product Features:● Weld metal typical hardness
approximately HRC31.● High welding performance, low
spatter loss and good bead appearance.
● Good cutting workability.
Applications:● Suitable for repairing welding on
1st buffer layer of gear, shaft, bulldozer's roller/guide roller, rail and wheel, etc.
Product Features:● Weld metal typical hardness
approximately HRC35.● High welding performance, low
spatter loss and good bead appearance.
● Good cutting workability.
Applications:● Suitable for hardfacing repair
welding of machinery; carbon steel, cast iron and hardenable alloy steel repair and fabrication welding.
Product Features:● Weld metal typical hardness
approximately HRC47.● Martensite structure self-
hardening weld metal.● Good resistance to moderate
impact and abrasion conditions.
Applications:● Suitable for buildup, hardfacing
and repair welding of metal to metal abrasion worn out machine parts on quarry machine, bulldozer chain gear, shovel bucket, caterpillar band, shovels teeth, and cutters, etc.
Met
al to
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Buf
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◎ Note: 1. 100~120C x 1 hr baking prior to use. 2. Keep short arc length while welding.3.150C preheating temperature on base metal
before welding.
◎ Note: 1. 100~120C x 1 hr baking prior to use.2. Keep short arc length while welding.3.150C preheating temperature on base metal
before welding.
◎ Note: 1. 300~350C x 1 hr baking prior to use.2. Keep short arc length while welding.3.Recommend to apply low hydrogen electrode
on buffer layer for high hardenability base metal or multiple passes welding.
◎ Note: 1. 300~350°C x 1 hr baking prior to use.2. Keep short arc length while welding.3.150C preheating temperature on base metal
before welding.
D13 D14
GH450R JIS Z 3251 DF2B-450R
Typical hardness of weld metal
As welded HRC Tempering 600°C HRC
47 36.3
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Cr Mo
0.35 0.26 0.62 3.50 0.52
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters(A)
Diameter/ length
2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450
Flat position 50~80 100~140 140~190 180~230
GH600R JIS Z 3251 DF3B-600R
Typical hardness of weld metal
As welded HRC Tempering 600°C HRC
55.7 44.5
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Cr Mo
0.34 0.34 0.62 3.88 0.74
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters(A)
Diameter/ length
2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450
Flat position 50~80 100~140 140~190 180~230
GH600 JIS Z 3251 DF3C-600B
Typical hardness of weld metal
As welded HRC Tempering 600°C HRC
55.6 44.5
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters(A)
Diameter/ length 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450
Flat position 100~140 140~190 180~230
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Cr Mo
0.74 0.89 1.24 5.17 0.02
Product Features:● Weld metal typical hardness
approximately HRC47.● High welding performance, less
spatter loss and good bead appearance.
● Martensite structure weld metal to get good abrasion resistance.
Applications:● Suitable for buildup, hardfacing
and repair welding of metal to metal abrasion worn out machine p a r t s o n q u a r r y m a c h i n e , bulldozer chain gear, shovel bucket, caterpillar band, shovels teeth, and cutters, etc.
Product Features:● Ma r t ens i t e s t r uc tu re se l f -
hardening weld metal.● Weld metal typical hardness
approximately HRC55.
Applications:● Suitable for build up and repair
welding of high wear resistance a n d n o n e - p o s t m a c h i n i n g required worn out machine parts on quarry machine, shovels teeth, crusher, fork lift, dredge, stone agitator, pump blade, screw conveyer, etc.
Product Features:● Titanium oxide type covered
electrode, good for metal-to-metal abrasion resistance.
● High welding performance, less spatter loss and good bead appearance .
● Weld metal typical hardness approximately HRC55.
● Martensite structure weld metal to get good abrasion resistance.
Applications:● Suitable for build up and repair
welding of high wear resistance a n d n o n e - p o s t m a c h i n i n g required worn out machine parts on quarry machine, shovels teeth, crusher, fork lift, dredge, stone agitator, pump blade, screw conveyer, etc.
Met
al to
met
al a
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Intr
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Met
al to
met
al a
bras
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resi
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tP
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Intr
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tion
◎ Note: 1. 300~350C x 1 hr baking prior to use.2. Surface dirt such as grease or rust on groove
side or repair area to be completely removed before welding.
◎ Note: 1. 100~120C x 1 hr baking prior to use.2. Keep short arc length while welding.3. Recommend to apply low hydrogen electrode
on buffer layer for high hardenability base metal or multiple passes welding.
◎ Note: 1. 100~120C x 1 hr baking prior to use.2. Surface dirt such as grease or rust on groove
side or repair area to be completely removed before welding.
D15 D16
GH750 JIS Z3251 DF3C-700B
Typical hardness of weld metal
As welded HRC layers
60.4 3
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Cr Mo Others
0.74 1.53 1.08 5.15 0.03 ≦2.0
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters(A)
Diameter/ length 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450
Flat/ position 100~140 140~190 180~230
HARD D —
Typical hardness of weld metal
As welded HRC layers
60 3
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters(A)
Diameter/ length 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450
Flat/ position 100~140 140~190 180~230
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Cr Mo + Others
2.33 1.23 0.54 4.05 2.0
GH900 JIS Z 3251 DF5A-700B
Typical hardness of weld metal
As welded HRC layers
61 2
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters(A)
Diameter/ length 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450
Flat/ position 90~140 140~190 180~230
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Ni Cr Mo W
0.90 0.80 0.45 0.03 4.85 7.81 1.99
GH900W —
Typical hardness of weld metal
As welded HRC layers
60 2
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters(A)
Diameter/ length 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450
Flat/ position 100~140 140~190 180~230
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn W Cr Mo
0.65 0.46 0.58 8.86 7.60 2.56
Product Features:● Weld metal typical hardness
approximately HRC60, less impact toughness than GH450.
● No t requ i red fo r pos t heat treatment.
● Easy slag removal and less spatter loss.
Applications:● Suitable for build up and repair
welding of none-post machining requi red worn out machine parts on quarry scraper shovel teeth, bulldozer and agricultural machinery, etc.
Product Features:● We ld meta l conta ins many
different alloy elements to get high hardness carbide structure.
● High hardness over all weld meta l sur face, less impact toughness than GH900W; No post heat treatment required, good wear and crack resistance.
Applications:● Suitable for repair welding of high
speed steel tools and cutters.
Product Features:● We ld meta l conta ins many
different alloy elements such as Cr, W, Mo to get high hardness carbide structure.
● High hardness, good wear and impact resistance.
● Martensite structure weld metal.
Applications:● Suitable for hardfacing repair
welding of alloy steels, press dies.
● Repair welding of tool steels.
Product Features:● Less spatter loss, few slag and
high welding performance.● Suitable for all positions.● Chromium carbide and Chromium
boride contained in weld metal to get even hardness and good wear resistance at elevated high temperature condition.
Applications:● Suitable for metal-to-hard soil
abrasion worn out machine parts such as propeller blade and agitator blade.
Met
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Met
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◎ Note: 1.300~350C x 1 hr baking prior to use. 2. Recommend preheat or post heat to reduce
residual stress for welding high hardness and brittleness Martensite base metal.
◎ Note: 1. 300~350C x 1 hr baking prior to use.2. Recommend preheat or post heat to reduce
residual stress for welding high hardness and brittleness Martensite base metal.
◎ Note: 1. 200~250C x 1 hr baking prior to use.2. Max. 2 layers. 3. Min. preheat 250C to reduce cooling rate for
avoiding crack.
◎ Note: 1. 100~160C x 1 hr baking prior to use.2. Max. 3 layers.3.Typical stress crack occurred to prevent peeling
damage between base and weld metal.
D17 D18
HARD 31 —
Typical hardness of weld metal
Carbon steel HRC Manganese steel HRC layers
47 45.5 3
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Cr Mo
2.40 0.60 0.60 27.3 1.3
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters(A)
Diameter/ length 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450
Flat/ position 100~140 140~190 180~230
HARD 35 —
GH800 —
Typical hardness of weld metal
As welded HRC layers
60 2
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters(A)
Diameter/ length 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450
Flat/ position 100~140 140~190 180~230
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters(A)
Diameter/ length 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450
Flat/ position 100~140 140~190 180~230
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Cr
3.40 1.00 0.30 32.0
Typical hardness of weld metal
Carbon steel HRC Manganese steel HRC layers
59 56 2
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Cr
3.4 0.90 1.00 33
Product Features:● Covered electrode, chromium
carbide precipitation in austenite weld metal.
● Weld metal contains special alloy elements to get good corrosion and elevated high temperature abrasion resistance.
● Good bead appearance, very low friction coefcient in weld metal surface.
● Good for moderate impact and severe wear condition.
Applications:● Suitable for hardfacing repair
we ld ing o f ag i ta to r b lade , metallic sieve, shovels teeth and agricultural tools, etc.
Product Features:● Covered electrode, chromium
carbide precipitation in austenite weld metal.
● High welding performance and less spatter loss
● Good bead appearance, very low friction coefcient in weld metal surface.
● Good for moderate impact and severe wear condition.
Applications:● Suitable for hardfacing repair
welding of worn out machine parts subjected to heavy abrasion and moderate impact conditions such as impactor, screw rod, wheel wing parts , drill bit, bulldozer, agitator blade etc.
Product Features:● Carbon and chromium as major
elements.● Chromium carbides precipitation
in weld metal to get high hardness and good wear resistance.
Applications:● Su i tab le for machine par ts
subjected to heavy metal-to-soil abrasion and moderate impact conditions.
Sev
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Met
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◎ Note: 1. 250~300C x 1 hr baking prior to use.2. Max. 3 layers.
◎ Note: 1.250~300C x 1 hr baking prior to use.2.Max. 2 layers.3.Good for welding on carbon steel, low alloy
steel and manganese steel base metal.4. Abrasion resistant temperature ≦500°C.
◎ Note: 1. 250~300°C x 1 hr baking prior to use. 2. Max. 2 layers.3.Typical stress crack occurred to prevent peeling
damage between base and weld metal.
D19 D20
GH900Mn JIS Z 3251 DFCrA
Typical hardness of weld metal
As welded HRC layers
63 2
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters(A)
Diameter/ length 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450
Flat/ position 100~140 140~190 180~230
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Cr Mo Nb W V
5.6 0.9 1.13 23.8 5.8 5.5 2.0 1.2
GH950Nb —
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters(A)
Diameter/ length 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450
Flat/ position 100~140 140~190 180~230
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Cr Nb
5.7 1.1 0.90 25.0 7.0
Typical hardness of weld metal
As welded HRC layers
63 2
GH950 —
Typical hardness of weld metal
As welded HRC layers
60 2
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters(A)
Diameter/ length 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450
Flat/ position 100~140 140~180 180~230
GH950C —
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Cr
4.50 1.20 1.20 31.0
Typical hardness of weld metal
As welded HRC layers
61 2
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters(A)
Diameter/ length 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450
Flat/ position 100~140 140~190 180~230
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Cr Others
5.9 1.10 1.10 33.2 ≦2.0
Product Features:● Carbon and chromium as major
elements.● We ld meta l conta ins many
different alloy elements such as Nb,V,Mo,W to get high hardness carbide structure.
● Wear resistance at elevated high temperature ≦ 816°C.
● Good corrosion and oxidation resistance at elevated high temperature.
Applications:● Suitable for hardfacing repair
welding of blast spray nozzle and agitator blade.
Product Features:● Carbide precipitation type
covered electrode, C, Cr, Nb as major elements.
● Wear resistance at elevated high temperature ≦ 650°C.
● Good for repai r weld ing of workpiece subjected to low stress and severe wear condition.
Applications:● Suitable for repair welding
of wear resistant plates, coal crusher wheel, slag crusher axle tube and breaker, etc.
Product Features:● High chromium carbide
precipitation type covered electrode.
● High hardness and good wear resistance.
● Wear resistance at elevated high temperature ≦ 500°C.
Applications:● Suitable for repair welding of
heavy metal-to-sand worn out machine parts.
Product Features:● High welding performance, less
spatter loss and low dilution ratio.● Large quanti ty of chromium
carbide contained in weld metal.● Wear resistance at elevated high
temperature ≦ 600°C.● Good for severe metal to sand
abrasion condition.● Good for impact wear and
corrosion resistance.
Applications:● Su i tab le for sur face repai r
welding of blast spray nozzle and agitator blade.
Sev
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Sev
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◎ Note: 1. 200~250C x 1 hr baking prior to use.2. Max. 2 layers.3.Typical stress crack occurred to prevent peeling
damage between base and weld metal.
◎ Note: 1. 200~250C x 1 hr baking prior to use.2. Max. 2 layers.3.Typical stress crack occurred to prevent peeling
damage between base and weld metal.
◎ Note: 1. 200~250C x 1 hr baking prior to use.2. Max. 2 layers.3.Typical stress crack occurred to prevent peeling
damage between base and weld metal.
◎ Note: 1. 200~250C x 1 hr baking prior to use.2. Max. 2 layers.3.Typical stress crack occurred to prevent peeling
damage between base and weld metal.
D21 D22
GHCW —
Typical hardness of weld metal
As welded HRC layers
65 2
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters(A)
Diameter/ length 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450
Flat/ position 100~140 140~180 180~230
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn W
4.1 1.85 0.6 42.0
GH13Cr-4 —
Size (mm) & recommended welding parameters(A)
Diameter/ length 3.2/350 4.0/350 5.0/350
Flat/ position 100~140 140~190 180~230
Typical hardness of weld metal
As welded HRC layers
44 3
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Ni Cr Mo
0.15 0.60 0.20 4.30 13.0 0.90
Product Features:● High Tungsten carbide
precipitation type covered electrode.
● High weld metal hardness to get very good wear resistance.
● High welding performance, less spatter loss and low dilution ratio.
Applications:● Suitable for repair welding of
heavy worn out machine parts such as shovel teeth, drill bit, scraper cutter and agitator screw blades, etc.
Product Features:● Weld metal contains
approximately 13%Cr and adequate Ni, Mo alloy elements.
● Good impact toughness and good heat, corrosion and crack resistance.
Applications:● Suitable for welding of heat
exchanger f in blades, dies, watermill blades and various caster guide roller, etc.
High
tem
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fatig
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Sev
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◎ Note: 1. 200~250C x 1 hr baking prior to use.2. Max. 2 layers.3.Typical stress crack occurred to prevent peeling
damage between base and weld metal.4. Min.150C preheat on base metal before
welding.
◎ Note: 1. 300~350C x 1 hr baking prior to use.2. Max. 3 layers.3. Refer to page D6 welding notes (table 1) for
preheat and inter pass temperature control.
D24
1. Use DC Electrode Positive (DCEP, DC+, DC Reverse Polarity).
2. Suitable shielding gas and ow rate : see below
3. Recommended welding parameters (Self shield & gas shield ux cored wire)
4. Welding parameters and related characteristics :
5. Recommended welding parameters ( for SAW)
Welding Notes (Flux Cored Wire and SAW Composite Wire)
shielding gas type shielding gas ow rate L/min
CO2 or 5~20%CO2 + Ar 20~25
none —
wire diameter 1.2mm 1.6mm 2.4mm 2.8mm
polarity DC+ DC+ DC+ DC+
welding current 150~250 175~350 200~400 230~450
welding voltage 24~30 26~32 30~35 32~38
wire extension15~25mm 15~25mm 25~40mm 25~45mm
gas shielded self shielded
Description
wire feed speed (current-Amp)↑increase
deposition rate↑penetration depth↑
heat input↑
welding voltage (V)↑increase
bead width↑surface atness↑
blow hole↑
Wire extension↑increase
fusion rate↑weld spatter↑
blow hole↑
wire diameter 2.8mm 3.2mm
polarity DC+ DC+
welding current (A) 280~350 320~400
welding voltage (V) 28~32 30~36
wire extension (mm) 20~35 25~40
ux neutral type ux neutral type ux
Note: Consult individual product notes for details.Hardfacing and Wear Resistant Flux Cored Wire
Flux
Cor
ed W
ire &
Sub
mer
ged
arc w
elding
wire
Weld
ing N
ote
s
D25 D26
MXW MANG 1 MXW MANG 3
Typical characteristics of weld metal
Abrasion Resistance
Impact Resistance
machiningFlame Cutting
Welding layer
Hard facing stress crack
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Yield StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
Hardness HRC
As Welded
work hardening
normal high no goodNot
Available2 or
moreNon 844 562 32 20 52
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Cr Ni
0.8 0.3 14.0 3.0 0.5
Size & recommended welding parameters
Diameter 1.2mm 1.6mm
Polarity DC+ DC+
Ampere 170~230 250~300
Voltage 24~30 26~32
Wire extension 15~30mm 20~35mm
Shielding GasSelf Shield (no gas shield ) /
CO2 or Mixed GasSelf Shield (no gas shield ) /
CO2 or Mixed Gas
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Cr Ni
0.29 0.15 17.3 16.9 0.8
Typical characteristics of weld metal
Abrasion Resistance
Impact Resistance
machiningFlame Cutting
Welding layer
Hard facing stress crack
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Yield StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
Hardness HRC
As Welded
work hardening
normal high no goodNot
Available2 or more
yes 834 565 40 20 53
Size & recommended welding parameters
Diameter 1.2mm 1.6mm
Polarity DC+ DC+
Ampere 170~230 250~300
Voltage 24~30 26~32
Wire extension 15~30mm 20~35mm
Shielding GasSelf Shield (no gas shield ) /
CO2 or Mixed GasSelf Shield (no gas shield ) /
CO2 or Mixed Gas
— —
Product Features:● Work hardening type flux cored arc
welding wire, austenite structure weld metal.
● Suitable for buildup and repair welding of Mn steel.
● High toughness weld metal to get very fast hardening on high impact working condition.
Applications:● Suitable for repair welding of coned
mining crusher, hammering crusher, impactor bars, rail frogs and crossings.
Product Features:● Work hardening type f lux cored arc
welding wire, more Cr carbide content in austenite structure matrix than MANG1.
● Suitable for buildup and repair welding of Mn steel.
● High toughness weld metal to get very fast hardening on high impact condition.
Applications:● Suitable for repair welding of coned mining
crusher, hammering crusher, impactor bars, rail frogs and crossings.
Stro
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and
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Stro
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◎ Note: 1. Refer to page D6 welding notes (table 1) for preheat and inter pass temperature control while multiple passes welding.
2. All values listed on the table obtained from non-gas shielded welding test.
◎ Note: 1. Refer to page D6 welding notes (table 1) for preheat and inter pass temperature control while multiple passes welding.
2. All values listed on the table obtained from non-gas shielded welding test.
D27 D28
MXW BU-G
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Cr Mo
0.10 0.50 1.20 1.2 0.30
MXW BU-O
Typical characteristics of weld metal
Abrasion Resistance
Impact Resistance
Adhesive Abrasion
Resistance
Machining Ability
Welding layerHard facing stress crack
Hardness HRC
Poor Excellent Good Easy 2 or more Non 29.4
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Cr Mo
0.08 0.19 0.98 0.77 0.16
Size & recommended welding parameters
Diameter 1.2mm 1.6mm
Polarity DC+ DC+
Ampere 150~250 175~350
Voltage 22~26 24~28
Wire extension 15~30mm 20~35mm
Shield GasSelf Shield (no gas shield ) /
CO2 or Mixed GasSelf Shield (no gas shield ) /
CO2 or Mixed Gas
Size & recommended welding parameters
Diameter 1.2mm 1.6mm
Polarity DC+ DC+
Ampere 150~250 175~350
Voltage 22~26 24~28
Wire extension 15~25mm 15~25mm
Shield Gas CO2 or Mixed Gas CO2 or Mixed Gas
Typical characteristics of weld metal
Abrasion Resistance
Impact Resistance
Adhesive Abrasion
Resistance
Machining Ability
Welding layerHard facing stress crack
Hardness HRC
Inferior Excellent Good Easy 2 or more Non 24
— —
Product Features:● Self or gas shield hardfacing flux cored
arc welding wire.● Good for impact and mild abrasion
resistances.● High welding performance, suitable for at position.
● Available for buffer layer.
Applications:● Suitable for repair welding of worn out
machine parts such as gear transmitter, shaft, pump, wheel shaft, coupler and rails, etc.
Product Features:● Gas shield hardfacing flux cored arc
welding wire.● Good for impact and mild abrasion
resistances.● High welding performance, suitable for all
positions.● Available for buffer layer.
Applications:● Suitable for repair welding of worn out
machine parts such as gear transmitter, shaft, pump, wheel shaft, coupler and rails, etc.
Buf
fer
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Buf
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◎ Note: 1. Refer to page D6 welding notes (table 1) for preheat and inter pass temperature control while multiple passes welding.
2. All values listed on table obtained from CO2 gas shielded welding test.◎ Note: 1. Refer to page D6 welding notes (table 1) for preheat and inter pass temperature control
while multiple passes welding.2. All values listed on table obtained from non-gas shielded welding test.
D29 D30
MXW K104-S
Typical characteristics of weld metal
Abrasion Resistance
Impact Resistance MachiningHard facing stress
crack Hardness HRC
Inferior ExcellentExcellent, available
for ame cuttingNon 24
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Cr
0.08 0.60 1.8 1.1
Size & recommended welding parameters
Diameter 2.8mm 3.2mm
Polarity DC+ DC+
Ampere 280~350 320~400
Voltage 28~32 30~36
Wire extension 20~35mm 25~40mm
Flux Neutral Flux Neutral Flux
MXW SUPER BU-G
Typical characteristics of weld metal
Abrasion Resistance
Impact Resistance
Adhesive Abrasion
ResistanceMachining Welding layer
Hard facing stress crack
Hardness HRC
Low Good Good Easy 2 or more Non 34
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Cr Mo
0.12 0.44 1.68 1.26 0.30
Size & recommended welding parameters
Diameter 1.2mm 1.6mm
Polarity DC+ DC+
Ampere 150~250 175~350
Voltage 22~26 24~28
Wire extension 15~25mm 15~25mm
Shield Gas CO2 or Mixed Gas CO2 or Mixed Gas
— —
Product Features:● Submerged arc welding wire to combine
with neutral flux, low carbon, low alloy content martensite structure weld metal.
● Easy slag removal.● Available for overlay rst buffer layer.● Good for impact and elastic fatigue
resistance.● Good for repair welding of workpiece
subjected to low abrasion and high impact condition.
Applications:● Repair welding for buffer layer of fly
wheel (idler) and rollers.● Hardfacing repair welding of tract rails,
link, journal, chain link, etc.
Product Features:● Gas shield hardfacing flux cored arc
welding wire.● Good for severe impact and mild abrasion
resistance.● High welding performance, suitable for all
positions. ● Available for workpiece subjected to high
compression stress.
Applications:● Suitable for repair welding of worn out
machine parts such as gear transmitter, shaft, pump, wheel shaft, bulldozer, etc.
Met
al to
met
al a
bras
ion
resi
stan
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Intr
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tion
Buf
fer
laye
r an
d w
eldi
ng r
epai
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rodu
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Intr
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tion
◎ Note: 1. Refer to page D6 welding notes (table 1) for preheat and inter pass temperature control while multiple passes welding.
2. All values listed on table obtained from CO2 gas shielded welding test.
◎ Note: Refer to page D6 welding notes (table 1) for preheat and inter pass temperature control.
D31 D32
MXW BB-G
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Cr Mo
0.20 0.54 1.18 2.09 0.53
Size & recommended welding parameters
Diameter 1.2mm 1.6mm
Polarity DC+ DC+
Ampere 150~250 175~350
Voltage 22~26 24~28
Wire extension 15~25mm 15~25mm
Shield Gas CO2 or Mixed Gas CO2 or Mixed Gas
Typical characteristics of weld metal
Abrasion Resistance
Impact Resistance
Adhesive Abrasion
ResistanceMachining Welding layer
Hard facing stress crack
Hardness HRC
Low Good Excellent Easy 3 Non 44
MXW 102-G
Typical characteristics of weld metal
Abrasion Resistance
Impact Resistance
Machining Welding layerHard facing stress crack
Hardness HRC
Medium Good Medium 3 Non 52
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Cr Mo W V
0.29 0.39 1.76 6.8 1.3 1.28 0.2
Size & recommended welding parameters
Diameter 1.2mm 1.6mm
Polarity DC+ DC+
Ampere 150~250 175~350
Voltage 22~26 24~28
Wire extension 15~25mm 15~25mm
Shield Gas 80%Ar + 20%CO2 80%Ar + 20%CO2
— —
Product Features:● Gas shield hardfacing flux cored arc
welding wire.● Good for severe impact and mild abrasion
resistance.● High welding performance, suitable for all
positions. ● Available for workpiece subjected to high
compression stress.
Applications:● Suitable for repair welding of worn out
machine parts such as gear transmitter, fly wheel, chain block, shaft, caterpillar band, bog bucket, chain link, shovel and cutting tools, etc.
Product Features:● Gas shield flux cored wire for repair
welding of hot work tool steel.● Good for high stress abrasion, heat fatigue
and sluggish abrasion resistance.
Applications:● Suitable for repair welding of worn
out machine parts subjected to high compression stress, high impact and moderate abrasion condition and repair welding of tool steel.
● Hardfacing repair welding on carbon and low alloy steel machine parts.
● Suitable for hardfacing repair welding of tractors, overhead crane rollers, gears, crane y wheels and various rollers, etc.
Met
al to
met
al a
bras
ion
resi
stan
tP
rodu
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Intr
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tion
Met
al to
met
al a
bras
ion
resi
stan
tP
rodu
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Intr
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tion
◎ Note: Refer to page D6 welding notes (table 1) for preheat and inter pass temperature control.◎ Note: 1. Refer to page D6 welding notes (table 1) for preheat and inter pass temperature control while multiple passes welding.
2. All values listed on table obtained from CO2 gas shielded welding test.
D33 D34
MXW K102-S
Size & recommended welding parameters
Diameter 2.8mm 3.2mm
Polarity DC+ DC+
Ampere 280~350 320~400
Voltage 28~32 30~36
Wire extension 20~35mm 25~40mm
Flux Neutral Flux Neutral Flux
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Cr Mo W V
0.3 1.2 1.2 6.8 1.2 1.2 0.2
Typical characteristics of weld metal
Abrasion Resistance
Impact Resistance
Machining Welding layerHard facing stress crack
Hardness HRC
Medium Good Medium 3 Non 50
MXW K105-S
Typical characteristics of weld metal
Abrasion Resistance
Impact Resistance Welding layerHard facing stress
crackHardness HRC
Medium low Good 3 Non 45
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Cr Mo V
0.20 0.7 2.6 2.8 0.6 0.2
Size & recommended welding parameters
Diameter 2.8mm 3.2mm
Polarity DC+ DC+
Ampere 280~350 320~400
Voltage 28~32 30~36
Wire extension 20~35mm 25~40mm
Flux Neutral Flux Neutral Flux
— —
Product Features:● Martensite type hardfacing submerged
arc welding wire for repair welding of alloy hot work tool steels.
● Combined with neutral ux.● Available for workpiece subjected to
high stress, high impact and moderate abrasion condition.
● Easy slag removal.
Applications:● Suitable for hardfacing repair welding of
tractors, overhead crane rollers, gears, crane y wheels and various rollers, etc.
Product Features:● Low alloy elements contained submerged
arc welding wire.● Combined with neutral ux.● Available for workpiece subjected to
metal-to-metal abrasion.● Easy slag removal.
Applications:● Suitable for hardfacing repair welding of
tractors, overhead crane rollers, gears, crane y wheels and various rollers, etc.
Met
al to
met
al a
bras
ion
resi
stan
tP
rodu
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Intr
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tion
Met
al to
met
al a
bras
ion
resi
stan
tP
rodu
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Intr
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tion
◎ Note: Refer to page D6 welding notes (table 1) for preheat and inter pass temperature control.◎ Note: Refer to page D6 welding notes (table 1) for preheat and inter pass temperature control.
D35 D36
MXW K107-S
Size & recommended welding parameters
Diameter 2.8mm 3.2mm
Polarity DC+ DC+
Ampere 280~350 320~400
Voltage 28~32 30~36
Wire extension 20~35mm 25~40mm
Flux Neutral Flux Neutral Flux
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Cr Mo
0.14 0.4 1.8 2.2 0.3
Typical characteristics of weld metal
Abrasion Resistance
Impact Resistance
Machining Welding layerHard facing stress crack
Hardness HRC
Low Good Medium � Non 39
MXW DD-G
Typical characteristics of weld metal
Abrasion Resistance
Impact Resistance
Adhesive Abrasion
ResistanceMachining Welding layer
Hard facing stress crack
Hardness HRC
Good Good Good Grind only 3 Non 57
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Cr Mo
0.56 0.56 1.42 5.6 0.25
Size & recommended welding parameters
Diameter 1.2mm 1.6mm
Polarity DC+ DC+
Ampere 150~250 175~350
Voltage 22~26 24~28
Wire extension 15~25mm 15~25mm
Shield Gas CO2 CO2
— —
Product Features:● Martensite structure type hardfacing
submerged arc welding wire for repair welding of alloy hot work tool steels.
● Easy slag removal.● Available for workpiece subjected to high
stress, high impact and mild abrasion condition.
Applications:● Suitable for hardfacing repair welding of
worn out machine parts such as gears, cutter, dies, tools and various rollers, etc.
Product Features:● High welding performance for all positions.● Good for impact and abrasion resistance.● Available for workpiece subjected to
metal-to-metal or metal-to-soil abrasion.
Applications:● Suitable for pump axle sleeve, cement
agitator, scouring cutter, digging knife top parts and agitating auger blades and agricultural shovel, etc.
Met
al to
san
d ab
rasi
on r
esis
tant
Pro
duct
s In
trod
uctio
n
Met
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met
al a
bras
ion
resi
stan
tP
rodu
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Intr
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tion
◎ Note: Refer to page D6 welding notes (table 1) for preheat and inter pass temperature control while multiple passes welding.
◎ Note: Refer to page D6 welding notes (table 1) for preheat and inter pass temperature control.
D37 D38
MXW 969-G
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Cr Mo
0.6 1.5 1.6 6.6 0.7
Size & recommended welding parameters
Diameter 0.9mm 1.2mm 1.6mm
Polarity DC+ DC+ DC+
Ampere 100~200 150~250 175~350
Voltage 18~22 22~26 24~28
Wire extension 10~20mm 15~25mm 15~25mm
Shield Gas 80%Ar + 20%CO2 80%Ar + 20%CO2 80%Ar + 20%CO2
Typical characteristics of weld metal
Abrasion Resistance
Impact Resistance Welding layerHard facing stress
crackHardness HRC
Good Good 3 Non 55
MXW 969-O
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Cr Mo
0.5 0.24 1.43 6.4 0.59
Typical characteristics of weld metal
Abrasion Resistance
Impact Resistance Welding layerHard facing stress
crackHardness HRC
Good Good 3 Non 56
Size & recommended welding parameters
Diameter 1.2mm 1.6mm 2.4mm
Polarity DC+ DC+ DC+
Ampere 150~250 175~300 200~380
Voltage 22~30 24~32 30~35
Wire extension 20~30mm 20~35mm 25~40mm
Shield Gas No need No need No need
— —
Product Features:● Self-hardening martensite structure weld
metal.● Good for high stress abrasion, heat fatigue
and sluggish abrasion resistance.● Available for workpiece subjected to
metal-to-metal or metal-to-soil abrasion.
Applications:● Suitable for pump axle sleeve, cement
agitator, scouring cutter, digging knife top parts and agitating auger blades and agricultural shovel, etc.
Product Features:● Self-hardening martensite structure weld
metal.● Self shield type hardfacing flux cored
wire.● Good for high stress abrasion, heat fatigue
and sluggish abrasion resistance.● Available for workpiece subjected to
metal-to-metal or metal-to-soil abrasion.
Applications:● Suitable for pump axle sleeve, cement
agitator, scouring cutter, digging knife top parts and agitating auger blades, etc.
Met
al to
san
d ab
rasi
on r
esis
tant
Pro
duct
s In
trod
uctio
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Met
al to
san
d ab
rasi
on r
esis
tant
Pro
duct
s In
trod
uctio
n
◎ Note: Refer to page D6 welding notes (table 1) for preheat and inter pass temperature control.◎ Note: Refer to page D6 welding notes (table 1) for preheat and inter pass temperature control.
D39 D40
MXW M7-G
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Cr Mo V W
0.95 0.73 0.42 4.08 8.43 0.90 1.94
Typical characteristics of weld metal
Abrasion Resistance
Impact Resistance
Adhesive Abrasion
ResistanceMachining Welding layer Hardness HRC
Good Good Excellent Grind only 3 62
Size & recommended welding parameters
Diameter 1.2mm 1.6mm
Polarity DC+ DC+
Ampere 150~250 175~350
Voltage 22~26 24~30
Wire extension 15~25mm 15~25mm
Shield Gas 80%Ar + 20%CO2 80%Ar + 20%CO2
MXW D
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Cr Mo others
2.0 1.0 0.2 8.0 0.4 0.6
Size & recommended welding parameters
Diameter 0.9mm 1.2mm 1.6mm
Polarity DC+ DC+ DC+
Ampere 100~200 150~250 175~350
Voltage 20~26 24~30 26~32
Wire extension 12~20mm 15~30mm 20~35mm
Shield GasSelf Shield /
CO2 or Mixed GasSelf Shield /
CO2 or Mixed GasSelf Shield /
CO2 or Mixed Gas
Typical characteristics of weld metal
Abrasion Resistance
Impact Resistance
Adhesive Abrasion
ResistanceWelding layer
Hard facing stress crack
Hardness HRC
Excellent Medium Grind Only 3 Yes 64
— —
Product Features:● Weld metal composition similar to high
speed tool steel.● High hardening tendency, good for
impact abrasion and high stress severe wear condition.
● Wear resistance at elevated high temperature ≦ 540°C.
● Martensite structure weld metal contains many different kinds of micro carbide.
● Repair welding of workpiece subjected to high stress condition.
Applications:● Suitable for hardfacing repair welding of
dies, cutters, scraper, drill parts, mill roller, extruding screw and agriculture tools, etc.
Product Features:● Self or gas shield type harfacing ux
cored arc welding wire.● Good for moderate impact and wear
resistance.● Available for workpiece subjected to
metal-to-metal or metal-to-soil abrasion.● High welding performance, available for
all positions.
Applications:● Petroleum industry: oil rig tools, tool
connectors and drill collars.● Agriculture industry: scrapers, plows,
hammers.● Coal mining industry: drill stems, collars
augers, hammer crushers, roll crusher, shovel buckets and shovel teeth, etc.
● ceramic industry: augers, feeder shoes, clay machine paddles and conveyor screw rod.
● Architecture: asphalt mixer, paddles, shovel buckets, shovel teeth and similar parts.
Met
al to
san
d ab
rasi
on r
esis
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Pro
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s In
trod
uctio
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Met
al to
san
d ab
rasi
on r
esis
tant
Pro
duct
s In
trod
uctio
n
◎ Note: 1. Refer to page D6 welding notes (table 1) for preheat and inter pass temperature control while multiple passes welding.
2. All values listed on the table obtained from non-gas shielded welding test.
◎ Note: Refer to page D6 welding notes (table 1) for preheat and inter pass temperature control.
D41 D42
MXW R117
Typical characteristics of weld metal
Abrasion Resistance Impact Resistance Welding layer Hardness HRC
Excellent Excellent 3 45
Size & recommended welding parameters
Diameter 1.2mm 1.6mm
Polarity DC+ DC+
Ampere 150~250 175~350
Voltage 24~30 26~32
Wire extension 20~30mm 20~35mm
Shield GasSelf Shield (no gas shield ) /
CO2 or Mixed GasSelf Shield (no gas shield ) /
CO2 or Mixed Gas
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Cr Mo
2.3 1.2 1.4 9.6 1.2
MXW R100
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Cr Mo
4.8 1.5 1.5 26.5 1.0
Typical characteristics of weld metal
Abrasion Resistance
Impact Resistance
High Temperature
AbrasionMachining Welding layer
Hard facing stress crack
Hardness HRC
ExcellentLow to
Medium600°C Grind only 2 Yes 60
Size & recommended welding parameters
Diameter 1.6mm 2.4mm 2.8mm
Polarity DC+ DC+ DC+
Ampere 200~350 230~380 300~450
Voltage 26~32 30~35 32~38
Wire extension 20~30mm 20~35mm 25~45mm
Shield GasSelf Shield /
CO2 or Mixed GasSelf Shield /
CO2 or Mixed GasSelf Shield
— —
Product Features:● Self or gas shield type hardfacing flux
cored arc welding wire.● Good for impact and abrasion resistance.● Small stress relieve crack on weld metal
surface.
Applications:● Suitable for repair welding of worn out
machine parts such as coned crusher receivers, mantles, hammer crusher, cane knifes and crusher rollers, etc.
Product Features:● Self or gas shield type hardfacing flux
cored arc welding wire.● High carbon and chromium content in
weld metal.● Good for mild to moderate impact severe
abrasion resistance.● Wear resistance at elevated high
temperature ≦ 600°C.
Applications:● Suitable for hardfacing repair welding of
coal crushers, crusher rollers, agricultural, shovel teeth, augers, hot ash elbows and ventilator screw impellers, etc.
Sev
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abra
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Met
al to
san
d ab
rasi
on r
esis
tant
Pro
duct
s In
trod
uctio
n
◎ Note: 1. Recommend string bead and vertical downward technique, stress crack length 10~15mm to avoid peeling damage between base and weld metal.
2. Refer to page D6 welding notes (table 1) for preheat and inter pass temperature control.3. All values listed on the table obtained from non-gas shielded welding test.
◎ Note: 1. Refer to page D6 welding notes (table 1) for preheat and inter pass temperature control while multiple passes welding.
2. All values listed on the table obtained from non-gas shielded welding test.
D43 D44
MXW R101
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Cr Others
5.11 1.26 0.83 19.41 0.3
Typical characteristics of weld metal
Abrasion Resistance
Impact Resistance
High Temperature
wearMachining Welding layer
Hard facing stress crack
Hardness HRC
ExcellentLow to
Medium600°C Grind only 2 Yes 61
Size & recommended welding parameters
Diameter 1.2mm 1.6mm
Polarity DC+ DC+
Ampere 150~250 175~350
Voltage 24~30 26~32
Wire extension 20~25mm 20~30mm
Shield GasSelf Shield (no gas shield ) /
CO2 or Mixed GasSelf Shield (no gas shield ) /
CO2 or Mixed Gas
MXW R100D
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Cr Mo
5.5 0.64 0.85 27.3 0.04
Typical characteristics of weld metal
Abrasion Resistance
Impact Resistance
High Temperature
wearMachining Welding layer
Hard facing stress crack
Hardness HRC
Excellent Low 600°C Grind only 2 Yes 61
Size & recommended welding parameters
Diameter 1.2mm 1.6mm 2.8mm
Polarity DC+ DC+ DC+
Ampere 150~250 175~350 300~450
Voltage 24~30 26~32 32~38
Wire extension 20~25mm 20~30mm 25~45mm
Shield GasSelf Shield /
CO2 or Mixed GasSelf Shield /
CO2 or Mixed GasSelf Shield
— —
Product Features:● Self or gas shield type hardfacing flux
cored arc welding wire.● High carbon and chromium content in
weld metal.● Good for mild to moderate impact severe
abrasion resistance.● Wear resistance at elevated high
temperature ≦ 600°C.
Applications:● Suitable for repair welding of worn out
machine parts such as shove teeth, blades, split saw handle, scraper side cutters, cutters, shovel bucket insides and lips, agricultural tools, conveyor screw rods, augers and wood drills, etc.
Product Features:● Self or gas shield type hardfacing flux
cored arc welding wire.● High carbon and chromium content in
weld metal.● Good for mild to moderate impact severe
abrasion resistance .● Wear resistance at elevated high
temperature ≦ 600°C.
Applications:● Suitable for hardfacing repair welding of
coal crushers, crusher rollers, agricultural tools, shovel teeth, augers, hot ash elbows and ventilator screw impellers, etc.
Sev
ere
abra
sion
res
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rodu
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Intr
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tion
Sev
ere
abra
sion
res
ista
ntP
rodu
cts
Intr
oduc
tion
◎ Note: 1. Recommend string bead and vertical downward technique, stress crack length 10~15mm to avoid peeling damage between base and weld metal.
2. Refer to page D6 welding notes (table 1) for preheat and inter pass temperature control.3. All values listed on the table obtained from non-gas shielded welding test.
◎ Note: 1. Recommend string bead technique, stress crack length 10~15mm to avoid peeling damage between base and weld metal.
2. Refer to page D6 welding notes (table 1) for preheat and inter pass temperature control.3. All values listed on the table obtained from non-gas shielded welding test.
D45 D46
MXW R100SHD
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Cr
5.2 1.0 1.48 36.0
Typical characteristics of weld metal
Abrasion Resistance
Impact Resistance
High Temperature
wearMachining Welding layer
Hard facing stress crack
Hardness HRC
Excellent Low 600°C Grind only 2 Yes 62
Size & recommended welding parameters
Diameter 2.8mm
Polarity DC+
Ampere 300~450
Voltage 32~38
Wire extension 25~45mm
Shield Gas Self Shield
MXW 62-O
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Cr Mo V
5.5 1.0 1.8 23.0 1.2 3.5
Typical characteristics of weld metal
Abrasion Resistance
Impact Resistance
Hard facing stress crack
Machining Welding layer Hardness HRC
Excellent Low Yes Grind only 2 62
Size & recommended welding parameters
Diameter 1.2mm 1.6mm 2.8mm
Polarity DC+ DC+ DC+
Ampere 150~250 175~350 300~450
Voltage 24~30 26~32 32~38
Wire extension 20~25mm 20~30mm 25~40mm
Shield GasSelf Shield /
CO2 or Mixed GasSelf Shield /
CO2 or Mixed GasSelf Shield
— —
Product Features:● Self shield type hardfacing ux cored arc
welding wire.● High carbon and chromium content in
weld metal.● Good for mild to moderate impact severe
abrasion resistance.● Wear res is tance at e levated h igh
temperature ≦ 600°C.
Applications:● Suitable for hardfacing repair welding of
coal crushers, crusher rollers, agricultural tools, shovel teeth, augers, hot ash elbow, fork lift and ventilator screw impellers, etc.
Product Features:● Self or gas shield type hardfacing flux
cored arc welding wire.● High carbon and chromium content in weld
metal. ● Wear resistance at elevated high
temperature ≦ 600°C.● Big volume of carbides spread evenly over
all weld metal to get very good abrasion resistance.
Applications:● Suitable for hardfacing repair welding of
coal crushers, crusher rollers, agricultural tools, shovel teeth, augers, fork lift and ventilator screw impellers, etc.
Sev
ere
abra
sion
res
ista
ntP
rodu
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Intr
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tion
Sev
ere
abra
sion
res
ista
ntP
rodu
cts
Intr
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tion
◎ Note: 1. Recommend string bead and vertical downward technique, stress crack length 10~15mm to avoid peeling damage between base and weld metal.
2. Refer to page D6 welding notes (table 1) for preheat and inter pass temperature control.3. All values listed on the table obtained from non-gas shielded welding test.
◎ Note: 1. Recommend string bead technique, stress crack length 10~15mm to avoid peeling damage between base and weld metal.
2. Refer to page D6 welding notes (table 1) for preheat and inter pass temperature control.
D47 D48
MXW 63-O
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Cr Mo Nb W V
5.2 0.55 0.93 19.22 5.20 5.2 2.0 1.10
Typical characteristics of weld metal
Abrasion Resistance
Impact Resistance
Hard facing stress crack
Machining Welding layer Hardness HRC
Excellent Low Yes Grind only 2 64
Size & recommended welding parameters
Diameter 1.2mm 1.6mm 2.8mm
Polarity DC+ DC+ DC+
Ampere 150~250 175~350 300~450
Voltage 24~30 26~32 32~38
Wire extension 20~25mm 20~30mm 25~40mm
Shield GasSelf Shield /
CO2 or Mixed GasSelf Shield /
CO2 or Mixed GasSelf Shield
MXW 65-O
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Cr Nb
5.2 1.2 1.8 23.5 6.7
Size & recommended welding parameters
Diameter 1.2mm 1.6mm 2.8mm
Polarity DC+ DC+ DC+
Ampere 150~250 175~350 300~450
Voltage 24~30 26~32 32~38
Wire extension 20~25mm 20~30mm 25~40mm
Shield GasSelf Shield /
CO2 or Mixed GasSelf Shield /
CO2 or Mixed GasSelf Shield
Typical characteristics of weld metal
Abrasion Resistance
Impact Resistance
Hard facing stress crack
Machining Welding layer Hardness HRC
≦ 650C Low Yes Grind only 2 63
— —
Product Features:● Self or gas shield type hardfacing flux
cored arc welding wire.● Good for elevated high temperature
abrasion, low stress severe abrasion and corrosion resistance.
● Big volume of carbides spread evenly over all weld metal to get better abrasion resistance than 62-O.
● Wear resistance at elevated high temperature ≦ 816°C.
Applications:● Steel industry: sinter claw breakers, sieve
rakes and hot ash elbows.● Cement industry: screw rod, coned
sintering rollers and high temperature furnace machine parts.
● Mining industry: mud delivery pipe, basket shovel teeth and excavator.
Product Features:● Self or gas shield type hardfacing flux
cored arc welding wire.● Big volume of carbides spread evenly
over all weld metal to get very good hardening effect.
● Good for elevated high temperature abrasion, low stress severe abrasion and good corrosion resistance.
● Wear resistance at elevated high temperature ≦ 650°C.
Applications:● Steel industry: sinter claw breakers, sieve
rakes and hot ash elbows.● Cement industry: screw rod, coned
sintering rollers and high temperature furnace machine parts.
● Mining industry: mud delivery pipe, basket shovel teeth and excavator.
Sev
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Intr
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tion
Sev
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abra
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res
ista
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rodu
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Intr
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tion
◎ Note: 1. Recommend string bead and vertical downward technique, stress crack length 10~15mm to avoid peeling damage between base and weld metal.
2. Refer to page D6 welding notes (table 1) for preheat and inter pass temperature control.3. All values listed on the table obtained from non-gas shielded welding test.
◎ Note: 1. Recommend string bead and vertical downward technique, stress crack length 10~15mm to avoid peeling damage between base and weld metal.
2. Refer to page D6 welding notes (table 1) for preheat and inter pass temperature control.3. All values listed on the table obtained from non-gas shielded welding test.
D49 D50
MXW 66-O
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Cr V
5.5 1.0 1.5 21.0 10.2
Size & recommended welding parameters
Diameter 2.8mm
Polarity DC+
Ampere 300~450
Voltage 32~38
Wire extension 25~40mm
Shield Gas Self Shield
Typical characteristics of weld metal
High Temperature Abrasion Resistance
Impact Resistance
Hard facing stress crack
Machining Welding layerHardness
HRC
≦ 600C Low Yes Grind only 2 63
MXW 70-O
Typical characteristics of weld metal
High Temperature Abrasion Resistance
ImpactResistance
Hard facing stress crack
Welding layer Hardness HRC
≦ 600C Low Yes 2 65
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Cr Nb V other
5.5 0.5 0.8 11.2 6.6 6.2 < 3.0
Size & recommended welding parameters
Diameter 2.8mm
Polarity DC+
Ampere 300~450
Voltage 32~38
Wire extension 25~40mm
Shield Gas Self Shield
— —
Product Features:● Self or gas shield type hardfacing flux
cored arc welding wire.● Chromium carbide and very high V
element contained to form a big volume of micro vanadium carbide in weld metal to get very good metal-to-hard soil abrasion resistance.
● Good for elevated high temperature abrasion, low stress severe abrasion and good corrosion resistance
● Wear resistance at elevated high temperature ≦ 600°C.
Applications:● Steel industry: sinter claw breakers, sieve
rakes and hot ash elbows.● Cement industry: screw rod, coned
sintering rollers and high temperature furnace machine parts.
● Mining industry: mud delivery pipe, basket shovel teeth and excavator.
Product Features:● Self shield type hardfacing ux cored arc
welding wire.● Big volume of carbides spread evenly over
all weld metal to get very good hardening effect.
● Good for elevated high temperature abrasion, low stress severe abrasion and good corrosion resistance.
● Wear resistance at elevated high temperature ≦ 650°C.
Applications:● Steel industry: sinter claw breakers, sieve
rakes and hot ash elbows.● Cement industry: screw rod, coned
sintering rollers and high temperature furnace machine parts.
● Mining industry: mud delivery pipe, basket shovel teeth and excavator.
Sev
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abra
sion
res
ista
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rodu
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Sev
ere
abra
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res
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◎ Note: 1. Recommend string bead and vertical downward technique, stress crack length 10~15mm to avoid peeling damage between base and weld metal.
2. Refer to page D6 welding notes (table 1) for preheat and inter pass temperature control.
◎ Note: 1. Recommend string bead and vertical downward technique, stress crack length 10~15mm to avoid peeling damage between base and weld metal.
2. Refer to page D6 welding notes (table 1) for preheat and inter pass temperature control.
D51 D52
GMX410NiMo
Typical characteristics of weld metal
Abrasion Resistance
Thermal fatigue Resistance
Crack Resistance
Tensile StrengthN / mm2
Elongation%
Hardness HRC (As Welded)
Excellent Excellent Excellent 923 18 42
AWS A5.22 E410NiMoT1-1JIS Z 3323 TS410NiMo-FC1
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Ni Cr Mo
0.04 0.40 0.50 4.4 11.8 0.6
Size & recommended welding parameters
Diameter 1.2mm 1.6mm
Polarity DC+ DC+
Ampere 150~250 200~300
Voltage 22~28 24~30
Wire extension 15~25mm 15~25mm
Shield Gas CO2 or Mixed Gas CO2 or Mixed Gas
MXW K410NiMo-S
Typical characteristics of weld metal
Abrasion Resistance
Thermal fatigue Resistance
Machining Welding layerHard facing stress crack
Hardness HRC
Excellent GoodTungsten Carbide
tools available3 Non 43
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Ni Cr Mo
0.04 0.5 1.0 4.1 12.5 0.55
Size & recommended welding parameters
Diameter 3.2mm
Polarity DC+
Ampere 320~400
Voltage 30~36
Wire extension 25~40mm
Flux Neutral Flux
—
Product Features:● Gas shield type hardfacing ux cored arc
welding wire.● Martensite structure weld metal.● Good crack resistance, high compressive
abrasion resistance and good thermal fatigue resistance.
Applications:● Hardfacing repair welding of caster guide
roller.● Build-up repair for various guide rollers.
Product Features:● Composite type hardfacing submerged
arc welding wire, martensitic structure weld metal.
● Combined with neutral ux.● Good for crack resistance and easy slag
removal.● Good thermal fatigue, corrosion and
abrasion resistance.
Applications:● Hardfacing repair welding of steel mill
roller, heat resistant valve seat and turbine blade.
High
tem
pera
ture
fatig
ue a
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High
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◎ Note: Refer to page D6 welding notes (table 1) for preheat and inter pass temperature control.◎ Note: 1. Refer to page D6 welding notes (table 1) for preheat and inter pass temperature control.
2. All values listed on the table obtained from CO2 shielding gas for welding test.
D53 D54
MXW K420-S
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Cr
0.18 0.50 1.2 12.8
Typical characteristics of weld metal
Abrasion Resistance
Thermal fatigue Resistance
Machining Welding layerHard facing stress crack
Hardness HRC
Good ExcellentTungsten Carbide tools can be used
3 Non 50
Size & recommended welding parameters
Diameter 3.2mm
Polarity DC+
Ampere 320~400
Voltage 30~36
Wire extension 25~40mm
Flux Neutral Flux
MXW K423-S
Typical characteristics of weld metal
Abrasion Resistance
Thermal fatigue Resistance
Machining Welding layerHard facing stress crack
HardnessHRC
Good GoodTungsten Carbide tools can be used
3 Non 45
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Ni Cr Mo
0.11 0.40 1.1 2.3 13.5 1.2
Size & recommended welding parameters
Diameter 3.2mm
Polarity DC+
Ampere 320~400
Voltage 30~36
Wire extension 25~40mm
Flux Neutral Flux
— —
Product Features:● Composite type hardfacing submerged
arc welding wire, martensite structure weld metal.
● Combined with neutral ux.● Good thermal fatigue, corrosion and
abrasion resistance.
Applications:● Hardfacing repair welding of steel mill
roller and y wheel.
Product Features:● Composite type hardfacing submerged
arc welding wire, martensite structure weld metal.
● Combined with neutral ux.● Good thermal fatigue, corrosion and
abrasion resistance.● Adequate alloy elements contained in
weld metal to improve crack and abrasion resistance.
Applications:● Hardfacing repair welding of steel mill
roller, heat resistant valve seat and turbine blade.
High
tem
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ture
fatig
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High
tem
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◎ Note: Refer to page D6 welding notes (table 1) for preheat and inter pass temperature control.◎ Note: Refer to page D6 welding notes (table 1) for preheat and inter pass temperature control.
E2
The categorization of Nickel and Nickel base alloy depends on the alloy’s main elemental contents of Ni, Cu, Cr, Fe and Mo. The most common ones are Ni, Ni-Cu, Ni-Mo, Ni-Cr-Fe, Ni-Cr-Mo, Ni-Cr-Mo-Cu, Ni-Fe-Cr, and other alloys. Pure Nickel contains very low amount of other alloys, which is categorized using 200 numeric series; Ni-Cu is Monel alloy which is categorized as 400 numeric series; among Ni-Cr-Fe alloy series, if Ni element is higher, then it is under 600 series’ Inconel alloy; if Fe is dominant, then it is of 800 series’ Incoloy alloy; as for Ni-Mo (Fe) and Ni-Cu-Mo (W, Cu), they belong to Hastelloy’ s alloy category.
Note: Our company’s main product is Nickel Base Alloy based; so except for the above material characteristic introduction, other instructions only use the phrase “Nickel base.”
There are three main differences when comparing Nickel Base Alloy welding with the common carbon steel welding as listed below :a. Welding area cleaning requirements :
The surface of High Nickel alloy when exposed to atmosphere will easily produce Nickel oxide lm. Commercial grade pure Nickel’s melting point is at 1446C, but Nickel Oxide’s melting point reaches 2090°C; and thus during welding it will not melt with the original non-oxidized metal, unlike carbon steel with Fe oxide. When welding high Nickel alloy, while the base metal has melted, this oxide is still in solid state, which results in subtle residue of slag inclusion in the weld metal internally. This condition causes severe impact to weld metal mechanical and corrosion resistance properties. Thus whether it is before welding or after welding, it is imperative to verify that base metal contains no existence of foreign impurities. In addition, the joint area must be cleaned of surface oxide, while heavier oxide lm must be removed using grinding, machining, or other methods.
b.Sticky and high surface tension force of metal dropsBecause of the sticky and high surface extension force of metal drops of Nickel Base
Alloy melting metal is inferior to carbon steel’s metal drops which have higher wetting effect; welder might have false impression that by raising welding current the metal pool’s wetting effect will be enhanced. Actually, using strong welding current will not improve the wetting effect, but instead will create more defects because the high heat will cause the melting pool’s deoxidizer to evaporate ; which will allow welding groove to form blow holes more easily.
c. Weld metal shallow penetration Nickel Base Alloy welding has poorer arc penetration force reaching sometimes only
half of welding of carbon steel, the groove of root face should be thinner.
Nickel Base Alloy
Materials General Review
Nic
kel B
ase
Allo
yM
ater
ials
Gen
eral
Rev
iew
E3 E4
Welding Consumables Selection (Nickel base and dissimilar base metal)
Carbon steel & low alloy steel
Nickel base alloy
(Inconel) Ni-Cr- Mo alloy (600 series)
(Incoloy) Ni-Cr- Fe alloy (800 series)
Austenite series
G309, G309LG309MoL, GNC132,GTN82, GMN82
GNC132, GNC112GTN625, GMN625
GNC132, GNC182GTN82, GMN82
Martensite series
G309, G309LGNC132GTN82, GMN82
GNC132, GNC112GTN625, GMN625
GNC132, GNC182GTN82, GMN82
Ferrite series
G309, G309LGNC132GTN82, GMN82
GNC132, GNC112GTN625, GMN625
GNC132, GNC182GTN82, GMN82
pure nickel
GNC132GTN82, GMN82
GNC132, GNC112GTN625, GMN625
GNC132, GNC182GTN82, GMN82
Monel Ni-Cu alloy
GNC132GTN82, GMN82
GNC132GTN625, GMN625
GNC132GTN82, GMN82
Incoloy Ni-Cr-Fe alloy
GNC132, GNC112GNC182, GTN82, GMN82
GNC132, GNC112GTN625, GMN625GTN82, GMN82
Inconel Ni- Cr-Mo alloy
GNC132, GNC112GTN625, GMN625GTN82, GMN82
Base metal B
Base metal A
Nickel base alloy Stainless Steel
(Monel) Ni- Cu alloy
Pure Nickel Ferrite seriesMartensite
series
Austenite series
GNC132 GNC132 G309, G309LGNC132
G309, G309LGNC132
Martensite series
GNC132 GNC132 G309
Ferrite series
GNC132 GNC132
pure nickel
GNC132
Base metal B
Base metal A
Nic
kel B
ase
Allo
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Nic
kel B
ase
Allo
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onsu
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teel
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Sta
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E6
1. The ller metal selection must match base metal’s chemical composition.
2. During welding, recommend low welding current in order to avoid covered flux burn. If the covered flux suffers serious burn, this will worsen the weld metal mechanical properties.
3. No preheat necessary and the inter-pass temperature ≦150°C.
4. During welding, the arc starting point should be 1~2 cm behind the welding start point. Once the arc starts, pull it back to the welding start point to begin welding to avoid the occurrence of blow hole. This is known as the forehand & backhand arc starting technique. In addition, keep arc length as short as possible. When performing dissimilar metal welding, try to avoid as much as possible the over dilution from weld metal and base metal fusion.
5. In principle, use mainly at and horizontal welding positions, keep the covered electrode inclined angle approximately 20° perpendicular to welding line, so as to keep arc at the front of metal pool.
6. Nickel base alloy has inferior thermal conductivity, so high heat input during welding will create coarse grain. Ni-Mo and Ni-Cr-Mo alloy should use lower welding current and string bead. If weaving is desired, its width should be limited to 3 times of core wire diameter. Proper ll up the crater at arc stopping area.
7. Nickel base alloy might easily get brittle with Pb or S and lead to hot crack. The surface of weldment base metal must be completely cleaned of all lth like grease, paint, dirt, etc.
8. The polarity illustration:DCEP ( DC+ ): Electrode positive or DC reverse polarity.DCEN ( DC– ): Electrode negative or DC straight polarity.
SMAW Electrodes
Welding Notes
SM
AW
Ele
ctro
des
Wel
ding
Not
es
E7 E8
GNC 132 AWS A5.11 ENiCrFe-1JIS Z 3224 DNiCrFe-1
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
655 41.2
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Ni Cr Mo Nb Fe Ti
0.06 0.42 3.15 71.7 15.3 0.12 2.60 6.45 0.09
Size(mm) & recommended welding parameters (A)
Diameter 2.6 3.2 4.0
Flat position 65 ~ 85 70 ~ 110 95 ~ 150
GNC 133 AWS A5.11 ENiCrFe-2JIS Z 3224 DNiCrFe-2
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Ni Cr Mo Nb Fe Ti
0.06 0.52 2.44 69.9 15.2 1.85 2.25 7.63 0.08
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
Impact Value(-196°C) J
605 42.5 62
Size(mm) & recommended welding parameters (A)
Diameter 2.6 3.2 4.0
Flat position 65 ~ 85 70 ~ 110 95 ~ 150
Product Features:● Low hydrogen type nickel base covered
electrode for DC+ only.● High welding performance.● Good bead appearance and crack
resistance.● Good heat and corrosion resistance.● Good low temperature impact toughness. ● Easy Slag removal.
Applications:● Welding of similar grade of nickel base
alloy. ● Welding of 9% Ni steel.● Welding overlay to carbon, stainless and
Ni steels.
Product Features:● Low hydrogen type nickel base electrode
for DC+ only.● High welding performance.● Good bead appearance and crack
resistance.● Good heat and corrosion resistance. ● Good low temperature impact toughness.● Easy Slag removal.
Applications:● Welding of similar grade of nickel base
alloy. ● Welding of 9% Ni steel.● Welding overlay to carbon, stainless and
Ni steels.
SM
AW
Ele
ctro
des
Pro
duct
s In
trod
uctio
n
SM
AW
Ele
ctro
des
Pro
duct
s In
trod
uctio
n
◎ Note: 1. 300 ~ 350°C x 1 hr baking prior to use.2. Recommend short arc length and low current, electrode positive (DC+).3. Full cleaning before welding.4. Refer to Page E6 welding notes.
◎ Note: 1. 300 ~ 350°C x 1 hr baking prior to use.2. Recommend short arc length and low current, electrode positive (DC+).3. Full cleaning before welding.4. Refer to Page E6 welding notes.
E9 E10
GNC 182 AWS A5.11 ENiCrFe-3JIS Z 3224 DNiCrFe-3
Size(mm) & recommended welding parameters (A)
Diameter 2.6 3.2 4.0
Flat position 65 ~ 85 70 ~ 110 95 ~ 150
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Ni Cr Nb Fe Ti
0.05 0.45 6.12 70.2 13.63 2.02 7.45 0.05
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
Impact Value(-196°C) J
652 40 88
GNC 112 AWS A5.11 ENiCrMo-3JIS Z 3224 DNiCrMo-3
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Ni Cr Mo Nb Fe
0.06 0.28 0.82 62.70 20.48 8.43 3.45 3.73
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
Impact Value(-196°C) J
778 38 65
Size(mm) & recommended welding parameters (A)
Diameter 2.6 3.2 4.0
Flat position 65 ~ 85 70 ~ 110 95 ~ 150
Product Features:● Low hydrogen type nickel base electrode
for DC+ only.● High welding performance.● Good bead appearance and crack
resistance.● Good heat and corrosion resistance. ● Good low temperature impact toughness.● Easy Slag removal.
Applications:● Welding of similar grade of nickel base
alloy. ● Welding of 9% Ni steel.● Welding overlay to carbon, stainless and
Ni steels.
Product Features:● Low hydrogen type nickel base electrode
for DC+ only.● High welding performance.● Mo and Nb contains in weld metal to get
good heat and corrosion resistance. ● Good low temperature impact toughness.● Easy Slag removal.
Applications:● Welding of similar grade of nickel base
alloy. ● Welding of 9% Ni steel.● Welding overlay to carbon, stainless and
Ni steels.
SM
AW
Ele
ctro
des
Pro
duct
s In
trod
uctio
n
SM
AW
Ele
ctro
des
Pro
duct
s In
trod
uctio
n
◎ Note: 1. 300 ~ 350°C x 1 hr baking prior to use.2. Recommend short arc length and low current, electrode positive (DC+).3. Full cleaning before welding.4. Refer to Page E6 welding notes.
◎ Note: 1.300 ~ 350°C x 1 hr baking prior to use.2. Recommend short arc length and low current, electrode positive (DC+).3. Full cleaning before welding.4. Refer to Page E6 welding notes.
E11
GNC 277 AWS A5.11 ENiCrMo-5JIS Z 3224 DNiCrMo-5
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
745 38
Size(mm) & recommended welding parameters (A)
Diameter 2.6 3.2 4.0
Flat position 65 ~ 85 70 ~ 110 95 ~ 150
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Ni Cr Mo W Fe
0.06 0.30 0.44 59.23 15.85 15.45 3.45 5.20
Product Features:● Low hydrogen type nickel base electrode
for DC+ only.● High welding performance.● Easy slag removal.● Mo and W contained in weld metal to
get good elevated high temperature hardening tendency and strength, acid corrosion resistance.
Applications:● Welding of similar grade of nickel base
alloy. ● Welding overlay to carbon, low alloy
steel, stainless and Ni steels.
MIG.TIG Wire/Rod
SM
AW
Ele
ctro
des
Pro
duct
s In
trod
uctio
n
◎ Note: 1. 300 ~ 350°C x 1 hr baking prior to use.2. Recommend short arc length and low current, electrode positive (DC+).3. Full cleaning before welding.4. Refer to Page E6 welding notes.
E13 E14
For GMAW (MIG) 1. Using pulse arc transfer mode (the preferred method) for welding, even if the welding
current is very low will allow stable arc. Welding polarity : DC+ mainly.
2. Spray arc transfer mode or pulse arc transfer mode requires Ar as shield gas while He is more tting for short circuit arc transfer mode. The proper shielding gas ow rate is 20~25L/min.
3. Ar-He mixing gas can be also applied to the welding of Nickel base alloy, with the He amount increase, the bead appearance is to get wider, atter and shallower penetration.
4. Short circuit arc transfer mode is recommended for Ni-Mo or Ni-Cr-Mo alloy; furthermore, adding about 1% O2 into He-Ar mixing gas can stabilize arc so as to get great weld metal soundness.
5. No preheat necessary and the inter-pass temperature ≦150°C.
6. When applying pulse arc transfer mode, using the suggested lower limited welding current for speedy welding can avoid hot crack occurrence.
For GTAW (TIG)1. Use Ar, He, or Ar-He mixing gas as shielding gas.
2. Welding polarity: DC– (electrode negative); Shielding gas ow rate :10~15 L/min.
3. During one side welding, the backside must be purged by inert gas to prevent oxidization.
4. No preheat necessary and the inter-pass temperature ≦150°C.
5. Proper adjust arc voltage to keep the arc length within 4~6 mm.
6. Use low welding current to prevent hot crack occurrence.
GTN82 GMN82 AWS A5.14 ERNiCr-3JIS Z 3334 YNiCr-3
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
Elongation%
680 39
Typical chemical composition of rod / wire (wt%)
C Si Mn Ni Cr Nb Fe Ti
0.03 0.18 3.2 Bal. 18.9 2.45 2.0 0.15
MIG wire size(mm) & recommended welding parameters (A)
Diameter 0.9/1.0 1.2 1.6
Current Range 70~180 130~230 180~280
TIG rod size diameter / length (mm)
Diameter 1.6 2.0 2.4 3.2
Length 1000 1000 1000 100
GTN625 GMN625 AWS A5.14 ERNiCrMo-3JIS Z 3334 YNiCrMo-3
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Tensile Strength
N/mm2
Elongation
%
680 39
Typical chemical composition of rod / wire (wt%)
C Si Mn Ni Cr Nb Mo Fe
0.05 0.20 0.25 64.8 21.5 3.75 9.10 0.35
MIG wire size(mm) & recommended welding parameters (A)
Diameter 0.9/1.0 1.2 1.6
Current Range 70~180 100~230 180~280
TIG rod size diameter / length (mm)
Diameter 1.6 2.0 2.4 3.2
Length 1000 1000 1000 1000
Product Features:● Good heat, corrosion resistance
and good mechanical properties of weld metal.
Applications:● Welding of similar grade of nickel
base alloy. ● Welding overlay to carbon, low
alloy steel, stainless and Ni steels.
Shielding gas:● Ar + 0.5~2.0%O2 (GMAW) ● 100% Ar (GTAW)
Product Features:● Mo,Nb element to get good heat
and corrosion resistance, good mechanical properties.
Applications:● Welding of similar grade of nickel
base alloy. ● welding of 9% Ni steel.● Welding overlay to carbon, low
alloy steel, stainless and Ni steels.
Shielding gas:● Ar + 0.5~2.0%O2 (GMAW) ● 100% Ar (GTAW)
Welding Notes
MIG
.TIG
Wir
e/R
od
W
eldi
ng N
otes
MIG
.TIG
Wir
e/R
od
P
rodu
cts
Intr
oduc
tion
◎ Note: Recommend pulse or spray arc ( low current) for RT examination purpose.
◎ Note: Recommend pulse or spray arc ( low current) for RT examination purpose.
F2
1. Any iron alloy containing Carbon content 2.5~4%, Si 0.5%~3.0%, Mn 0.3%~1.2%, P 0.1~0.6%, and S 0.02~0.12% is categorized as cast iron. Certain special applications or usages may require the addition of Cr, Cu, Ni, Mo, V, Ti and other elements.
2. Cast iron is separated into four major categories: Gray cast iron; Malleable cast iron; Nodular cast iron, and White cast iron depending mostly on its C and Si elemental contents.
3. If the metal’s C and Si content is low (C < 3.0%, Si < 2.0%), and is free of dissolute free graphite, it is categorized as White Cast Iron. If the elemental contents are higher than above description, it is then categorized as Gray Cast Iron (there are Ferrite type, Pearlitic type and mixing type depending on the different content in matrix structure). If add some Ca, Mg elements during the casting process, that will make graphite to form spheroidal structure of nodular cast iron, both toughness and ductility are better than gray cast iron, mechanical properties are equal to general mild steel. If the white cast iron prolonged heating at 850C ~ 930C temperature range, so that some micro-structure produce the graphite to form the black heart malleable cast iron. if the temperature up to 1000C and prolonged heating in the Fe-O (Ferric oxide) powder will become the white heart malleable cast iron, which mechanical property is better than gray cast iron.
4. The graphite in cast iron during the solidify process will suffer expansion phenomenon, which negates the contraction effect of metallic solidi cation; and thus, the higher the C and Si content, the less conspicuous is its expansion and contraction process.
5. Due to cast iron’s low melting point, it has the qualification of being easily mold into complex shapes; it is thus widely used industrially, although it suffers from poor weld-ability for the following reasons :a. Welding area may endure secondary hardening effect due to rapid cooling, which
worsens its machining and cutting ability. b. The welding process will produce large amount of CO2, and create blow hole due to
high carbon content.c. Poor ductility in conjunction with heat stress during welding process will produce
cracks in the fusion zone. d. The rich content of cementite will cause cracks if the welding process’s expansion and
contraction variance is too great. e. Both higher preheat temperature than normal and high welding skill are required.
Cast Iron
Materials General Review
Cas
t Iro
nM
ater
ials
Gen
eral
Rev
iew
F3 F4
1. The defects on the welding surface of the casting or the repair welding area can be eliminated through the processes of machining, grinding, chipping and etc. Grease, lth, and other detrimental matter on the base metal can be cleaned using solvents; however, if the solvent permeate the base metal due to inclusion by capillary effect, increasing the temperature to 400°C will resolve this issue. If the grease is overwhelming and it infiltrates deeply in the surface of base metal, raising the temperature to 540°C will completely eliminate the grease.
2. V type groove angle : 60~80;U type groove angle : 20~25, root radius : 4.8~13mm (for heavy work use).
3. It is recommended to use the lower limit of suggested welding current according to the welding positions in order to achieve proper fusion with the base metal; furthermore, to obtain a smooth bead appearance, employing skilled welders is highly preferred.
4. Use string bead is mainly. If weaving is desired, the weaving width should not exceed 3 times the core wire diameter (the weld surface bead width is approximately 4 times of the core wire diameter). If weld groove is cavity type, the edge needs grinding in order to get wider groove face so that the repair surface can be smooth.
5. If the casting is heavy, in order to achieve even spread of welding heat, intermittent welding technique is recommended; in addition, keep the weldment in a constant lukewarm state during welding.
6. The hardness of HAZ is usually affected by base metal composition and cooling rate. An appropriate preheat can ease the hardening of HAZ. Dilution level might affect weld metal hardness which should be controlled by proper welding procedure and parameter, Normally, the dilution rate of single-pass welding is higher and leads to higher weld metal hardness.
7. When the weldment is the pressure part and there is big thickness difference between base metals to be jointed. Proper preheating will even the cooling and achieve better crack prevention.
8. Peening is appropriate when the weldment still remain at high temperature (about 540°C) after welding; however, it is inappropriate to apply at the root pass(es) and surface nishing pass(es).
9. Large weldment’s weld metal cracks easily. Apply stud planting method on the weld groove face before welding to prevent crack. The stud diameter should be about 6.4~16mm. The planted depth into the base metal groove face should be about the stud diameter and the protruding part above the weld groove face is about 4.8~6.4mm. The stud should occupy 25-35% of the weld sectional area.
ProductsSlag type
Preheat temp. °C
Wetting effect
Color matching between base &
weld metal
Joint weldability
Crackresistance
Weld metal & HAZ
machinability
Alloy content
Cost
GC100 Graphite 100~300 ○ △ ◎ ◎ ◎ Ni:99%very
expensive
GCI-1 Graphite 100~300 ○ △ ◎ ◎ ◎ Ni:99%very
expensive
GC55 Graphite 150~350 ○ △ ○ ○ ○ Ni:55% expensive
GCI-2 Graphite 150~350 ○ △ ○ ○ ○ Ni:55% expensive
GC0Low
hydrogen100~350 ◎ ○ ○ △ △
Low alloy Low
hydrogen Fe:Bal.
cheap
GCI-3 Graphite 350~400 ○ ◎ ○ △ △C:3.2% Fe:Bal.
cheap
Note: ◎Excellent,○Good,△Poor
Welding Consumables Selection
Weld
ing C
onsu
mable
s S
ele
ctio
nC
ast I
ron
Welding Notes
Cas
t Iro
nW
eldi
ng N
otes
F6
GC100 AWS A5.15 ENi-CIJIS Z 3252 DFCNi
GC55 AWS A5.15 ENiFe-CIJIS Z 3252 DFCNiFe
Size(mm) & recommended welding parameters (A)
Diameter / Length 2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/350
Flat position 60~90 90~130 110~160
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Ni Fe
0.70 0.90 0.25 Bal. 4.0
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
Tensile StrengthN/mm2
HardnessHV
412 166
Size(mm) & recommended welding parameters (A)
Diameter / Length 2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/350
Flat position 65~85 70~110 95~150
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Ni
1.13 0.89 0.61 55
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
HardnessHV
180
Product Features:● Graphite type nickel base covered
electrode for cast iron welding repair.
● High welding performance and good arc stability in low current range.
● Lower hardness of weld metal to get good machinability, good toughness and crack resistance.
Applications:● Suitable for build up and repair
welding of various kinds of cast irons.
Product Features:● Graphite type nickel base covered
electrodes for cast iron welding and repair.
● High welding performance and good arc stability in low current range.
● All deposited metal contains approximately 55% Ni, 45%Fe.
● Expansion coefficient is similar to cast iron, easy to machining.
Applications:● Suitable for joint and repair
welding of various kinds of cast irons.
Pro
duct
s In
trod
uctio
n
SMAW Electrodes
SM
AW
Ele
ctro
des
◎ Note: Refer to Page F4 Cast Iron Electrode welding
◎ Note: Refer to Page F4 Cast Iron Electrode welding note.
F7 F8
GC0 AWS A5.15 EStJIS Z 3252 DFCFe
GCI-1 AWS A5.15 ENi-CIJIS Z 3252 DFCNi
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
HardnessHV
250
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn P S
1.1 0.75 0.56 0.023 0.008
Size(mm) & recommended welding parameters (A)
Diameter / Length 2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450
Flat position 60~90 90~140 140~190 150~220
Size(mm) & recommended welding parameters (A)
Diameter / Length 2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/350
Flat position 60~90 90~130 110~160
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Ni Fe
0.70 0.81 0.75 Bal. 4.1
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
HardnessHV
166
GCI-2 AWS A5.15 ENiFe-CIJIS Z 3252 DFCNiFe
GCI-3 AWS A5.15 EStJIS Z 3252 DFCFe
Size(mm) & recommended welding parameters (A)
Diameter / Length 2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/350
Flat position 65~85 70~110 95~150
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn Ni
1.13 1.25 0.45 52
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
HardnessHV
180
Typical mechanical properties of all-weld metal
HardnessHV
250
Typical chemical composition of all-weld metal (wt%)
C Si Mn P S
1.8 1.15 0.56 0.023 0.008
◎ Note: No specific all weld metal chemical composition on Est, above analysis data is for reference.
Size(mm) & recommended welding parameters (A)
Diameter / Length 2.6/300 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450
Flat position 60~90 90~140 140~190 150~220
Product Features:● Low hydrogen type covered
electrode for cast iron welding and repair.
● Using GC100 or GC55 for first layer and GC0 for the others to save cost.
Applications:● Suitable for cast iron welding
and repair welding under high tempera tu re and non-pos t machining required condition.
Product Features:● Graphite type covered electrodes
for cast iron welding and repair.● High welding performance and
good arc stability in low current range.
● Better machinability property than similar level electrodes.
Applications:● Suitable for build up and repair
welding of various kinds of cast irons.
Product Features:● Graphite type covered electrodes
for cast iron welding and repair.● High welding performance and
good crack resistance.● All deposited metal contains
approximately 55% Ni, 45%Fe.
Applications:● Suitable for joint and repair
welding of various kinds of cast irons.
Product Features:● Low hydrogen Graphite type
covered electrode for cast iron welding and repair.
● Using GC100 or GC55 for first layer, GCI-3 for the others to save cost.
Applications:● Suitable for cast iron welding
and repair welding under high temperature and non-post machining required condition.
Pro
duct
s In
trod
uctio
n
Pro
duct
s In
trod
uctio
n
◎ Note: Refer to Page F4 Cast Iron Electrode welding
◎ Note: Refer to Page F4 Cast Iron Electrode welding note.
◎ Note: Refer to Page F4 Cast Iron Electrode welding note.
◎ Note: Refer to Page F4 Cast Iron Electrode welding note.
◎ Note: No speci c all weld metal chemical composition on Est, above analysis data is for reference.
SM
AW
Ele
ctro
des
SM
AW
Ele
ctro
des
F10
GGC —
GOUGING CARBON GOUGING CARBON
Size(mm) & recommended welding parameters (A)[AC]
Diameter / Length
4.0/305 5.0/305 6.5/305 8.0/305
Flat position 150~250 200~300 200~350 300~450
Groove Width 6~8 7~9 9~11 10~12
Groove Depth 3~4 3~5 4~6 5~7
Metal removed
volume (g/cm)6 10 15 24
Size(mm) & recommended welding parameters (A)[AC]
Diameter / Length 3.2/350 4.0/400 5.0/450
Flat position 150~180 230~280 280~330
Product Features:● High heat concentrated arc and
strong spraying gas produced between electrode rod and workpiece to get good groove appearance.
● Easy manuability by using ordinary power source and welding torch.
● No cementation occurred.
Applications:● Back gouging of rst side root
pass(es) when welding with double sided joint. To remove inside defects for welding repair. Suitable for cutting of cast iron, high carbon steel, stainless steel, high alloy steel and non metallic materials when those workpieces are dif cult cut by ordinary oxyacetylene cutting process.
Product Features:● High heat arc produced between
gouging carbon rod and workpiece to melt metal and blown off by high pressure air to get good gouging groove or cutting surface.
Applications:● Back gouging of rst side root
pass(es) when welding with double sided joint. To remove inside defects for welding repair. Suitable for cutting of cast iron, high carbon steel, stainless steel, high alloy steel and non metallic materials when those workpieces are dif cult cut by ordinary oxyacetylene cutting process.
Pro
duct
s In
trod
uctio
n
◎ Note: 1. Keep the angle between work and gouging electrode about at 10°.
2. The arc (produced by the tip of gouging electrode to touch the work groove) heat and melt the base metal.
3. The melting metal is blown out by gas produced from electrode to form a gouged groove.
4.Baking temperature range is 70~100°C for 30~60 minutes before use.
◎ Note: 1.Keep the angle between work and gouging rod about at 10°.
2.The arc (produced by the tip of gouging rod to touch the work groove) heat and melt the base metal.
3.The melting metal is blown out by pressurized air to form a gouged groove.
Gouging or groove preparation use
Gou
ging
or
groo
ve p
repa
ratio
n us
e
G2
Reference
21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 1016
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
AU
ST
EN
ITE
AU
ST
EN
ITE
PLU
S F
ER
RIT
E
FN0
24
56 8
10 12 1416
18
Creq = %Cr + %Mo + 1.5×%Si + 0.5×Nb
Nieq = %Ni + 30×%C + 30×%N + 0.5×%Mn
0%2%
4%5% 6% 7.
6% 9.2%
10.7
% 12.3
%
15.3
%13
.8%
DeLONG Diagram for Stainless Steel Weld Metal
PRIO
R M
AGNE
TIC
PERC
ENT
FERR
ITE
A+M
DeL
ON
G D
iagr
amR
efer
ence
G3 G4
Conversions
100
95
90
8580
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
28
26
24
22
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
20
18 16 14 12 10
1820
2224
2628
30
Cre
q =
Cr +
Mo
+ 0.
7Nb
Nieq = Ni + 35C + 20N + 0.25Cu
WR
C-1
992
Dia
gram
for S
tain
less
Ste
el W
eld
Met
al
Note: The WRC-1992 Diagram is preferred for “300” series stainless steels and for duplex stainless alloys.
It may not be applicable to compositions having greater than 0.2 percent of Nitrogen and greater
than 10 percent of manganese.
A
AF
FA
Length
ft in mm m
1 12 304.8 0.30479
0.083330 1 25.4 0.025399
0.00328100 0.03937 1 0.001
Stress
Ksi(=1000psi) psi kgf / mm2 N / mm2 (=MPA)
1 1000 0.703070 6.89476
0.001000 1 0.000000 0.000000
1.42233 1422.33 1 9.80665
0.145038 145.038 0.101972 1
Mass 1kg=2.20462 lb
Force 1kgf=9.80665 N
Energy
ft-lbf kgf-m N-m(=Joule)
1 0.13825728 1.35582
7.23275 1 9.80665
0.73753 0.101972 1
Temperature ℉=32+9 / 5℃
℃ ℉
0 32
-5 23
-10 14
-20 -4
-40 -40
Con
vers
ions
Ref
eren
ce
WR
C-1
992
Dia
gram
Ref
eren
ce
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