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The use of pheromone traps to monitoring the vine mealybug,
Planococcus ficus and its main parasitoid, Anagyrus sp. nr.
pseudococci in Douro Wine Region
Fátima Gonçalves, Cristina Carlos, Susana Sousa, Márcio Nóbrega, José C. Franco,
José Manso, António Pinto, Laura Torres
Introduction
The use of pheromone traps to monitoring the vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus and its main parasitoid, Anagyrus sp. nr. pseudococci
in Douro Wine Region
- Transmission of Grapevine Leafroll Viruses
- Vine decay - directly due to its feeding activity
- indirectly due to the honeydew contamination of leaves and grape
clusters and development of sooty mold
Vine mealybug (VMB) Planococcus ficus
Usually it overwinters in trunk (under the bark )Biology
The use of pheromone traps to monitoring the vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus and its main parasitoid, Anagyrus sp. nr. pseudococci
in Douro Wine Region
It can be also go on vine roots
and weeds
During spring and early summer, mealybugs move to shoots, leaves and clusters
The use of pheromone traps to monitoring the vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus and its main parasitoid, Anagyrus sp. nr. pseudococci
in Douro Wine Region
- During the summer, P. ficus can complete its life cycle in 3 to 4 weeks, causing a
rapid development of populations
The development of VMB is extremelly dependent on temperature
Eggs
Scrawler (L1)
Adult female
Pré-pupae
Male
. Changes in cultural practices, insecticides, natural enemies, weather
The use of pheromone traps to monitoring the vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus and its main parasitoid, Anagyrus sp. nr. pseudococci
in Douro Wine Region
. Some vineyards are located in favourable micro-climatic
conditions (near the river, slopes, different sun expositions)
. Presence of other host plants of the pest on the edges of vineyards
(ex. Malus domestica, Cydonia oblonga, Salix spp.)
Why VMB are becoming a problem in Douro Valley?
Fonte: CAOP, 2004. Carta Land Corine Cover, 2000, Atlas do Ambiente Digital, 2005. PIOT – ADV, 2001
� 3 sub-regions in Douro Demarcated Region (DDR)
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Mêda
Murça
Alijó
Lamego
ArmamarTabuaço
M. Frio
Sabrosa
P. Régua
Vila RealVila Flor
C. Ansiães
F. E. Cinta
T. Moncorvo
V. N. Foz-Côa
S. J. Pesqueira
S. M. Penaguião
0 10 20 305
Km
!
RDD - Sub Regions
Baixo Corgo
Cima Corgo
Douro Superior
Vineyard spot*
Main rivers
Locations
Area
Demarcated Douro Region 250 000 Ha
Surface with Vineyards 45 202 Ha (18%)
Lower Corgo
Upper Corgo Upper Douro
45 000 ha (14 082 Ha vineyards)
95 000 Ha (20 905 ha vineyards)
110 000 ha (10 215 Ha vineyards)
Surface / grower : 1,3 Ha
Porto
directionSpain
direction
The use of pheromone traps to monitoring the vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus and its main parasitoid, Anagyrus sp. nr. pseudococci
in Douro Wine Region
Introduction
source: WorldClim Database (Hijmans et al. 2005) in Jones , 2012
The use of pheromone traps to monitoring the vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus and its main parasitoid, Anagyrus sp. nr. pseudococci
in Douro Wine Region
Introduction
Baixo Corgo Douro Superior
Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept
14,9 17,3 20,8 23,2 23,2 20,7 16,5 19,2 24 26,4 26,5 22,8
Mean temperature (ºC) during growing season for a serie of 30 years (1931-1960)
source: WorldClim Database (Hijmans et al. 2005) in Jones , 2012
The use of pheromone traps to monitoring the vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus and its main parasitoid, Anagyrus sp. nr. pseudococci
in Douro Wine Region
Objectives
1) Monitoring of flight curve of P. ficus males using pheromone traps baited with the
synthetic female sex pheromone ((S)-lavandulyl senecioate).
2) Study of the kairomonal attraction of the females of
Anagyrus sp. nr. pseudococci (the main parasitoid of P. ficus) to
the same pheromone traps and pheromone
P. ficus male
Anagyrus sp. nr. pseudococci
Fonte: CAOP, 2004. Carta Land Corine Cover, 2000, Atlas do Ambiente Digital, 2005. PIOT – ADV, 2001
Material & Methods – Experiment locations
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!
!
!
!
!
Mêda
Murça
Alijó
Lamego
ArmamarTabuaço
M. Frio
Sabrosa
P. Régua
Vila RealVila Flor
C. Ansiães
F. E. Cinta
T. Moncorvo
V. N. Foz-Côa
S. J. Pesqueira
S. M. Penaguião
0 10 20 305
Km
!
RDD - Sub Regions
Baixo Corgo
Cima Corgo
Douro Superior
Vineyard spot*
Main rivers
Locations
Baixo Corgo(Lower Corgo)
Douro Superior (Upper Douro)
Porto
directionSpain
direction
Cima Corgo(Upper Corgo)
The use of pheromone traps to monitoring the vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus and its main parasitoid, Anagyrus sp. nr. pseudococci
in Douro Wine Region
The use of pheromone traps to monitoring the vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus and its main parasitoid, Anagyrus sp. nr. pseudococci
in Douro Wine Region
Quinta do Vallado (Baixo Corgo)
. Vineyard with 1,32 Ha, 17 years old, located near two rivers (Douro and Corgo)
. Long history of infestation. In the harvest of 2012, 40% of bunches were infested (even
after an insecticide treatment). In January of 2013, 24% of vines were infested.
. Very vigorous vines
. Touriga Franca variety
Material and methods
The use of pheromone traps to monitoring the vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus and its main parasitoid, Anagyrus sp. nr. pseudococci
in Douro Wine Region
Material and methodsQuinta do Arnozelo, Douro Superior
. Vineyard with 1,73 Ha, 13 years old, located near the Douro river.
. In the harvest of 2012, 16% of bunches were infested. In December of 2012, 36% of
vines were infested.
. Little vigorous vines
. Touriga Franca variety
The use of pheromone traps to monitoring the vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus and its main parasitoid, Anagyrus sp. nr. pseudococci
in Douro Wine Region
• Traps were installed:
- in 21st March in Quinta do Vallado
- in 11th April in Quinta do Arnozelo
Material and methods
• Traps were checked weekly (data presented
in captures / day)
The use of pheromone traps to monitoring the vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus and its main parasitoid, Anagyrus sp. nr. pseudococci
in Douro Wine Region
Quinta do Vallado Quinta do ArnozeloInsecticide
treatment
HarvestHarvest
. The first capture of P. ficus occurred in mid-May (Vallado: 16/05, Arnozelo: 10/05)
1st capture
. In Vallado, it was found three evident peaks that, though the overlapping of generations,
could each one, to correspond to a peak of one generation
. The number of captures per trap were higher in Vallado than in Arnozelo
1st capture
Results and discussion
The use of pheromone traps to monitoring the vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus and its main parasitoid, Anagyrus sp. nr. pseudococci
in Douro Wine Region
Quinta do ValladoQuinta do Arnozelo
Parasitoid, Anagyrus sp. nr. pseudococci
. The first captures of A. sp. nr. pseudococci females in the pheromone traps
occurred at the end of April in Arnozelo and in mid-May in Vallado
. The trend of the wasp captures followed a similar pattern to the one observed
for P. ficus males
Insecticide
treatment
HarvestHarvest
The use of pheromone traps to monitoring the vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus and its main parasitoid, Anagyrus sp. nr. pseudococci
in Douro Wine Region
Diferences in climate conditions between the two sub-regions under study
• Accumulated rainfall in Douro Superior, was
significantly lower than in Baixo Corgo
• In Douro Superior the monthly mean temp. and
number of days with temp > 35,6ºC (upper
threshold ) were higher than in Baixo Corgo
The use of pheromone traps to monitoring the vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus and its main parasitoid, Anagyrus sp. nr. pseudococci
in Douro Wine Region
Conclusions
. In Douro Wine Region, first captures of P. ficus males occurs in late
spring (mid-May).
. Depending on the sub-region, the insect can develop, apparently, 3 or
4 complete generations, reflected by the peaks recorded by pheromone
traps.
. Females of Anagyrus sp. nr. pseudococci showed a kairomonal
attraction to the pheromone, being also captured in the pheromone
traps
. VMB was less abundant in the dryer warmer sub-region (Douro Superior)
. The next step will be to understand if captures in pheromone traps can
be well correlated with P. ficus densities, determined by visual sampling
methods.
The use of pheromone traps to monitoring the vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus and its main parasitoid, Anagyrus sp. nr. pseudococci
in Douro Wine Region
Thank you for your attention!
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