the u.s. civil war blue vs. gray
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The U.S. Civil War Blue vs. Gray North vs. South in 1861 North
South Advantages ? Disadvantages Rating the North and the South
Resources: North and South Overview of the Norths Civil War
Strategy:
Anaconda Plan Northern Strategy Expected a short war
GOAL: To re-unite the Union Winfield Scott proposes a plan Anaconda
Plan Economic Starvation Blockade the South Divide the Confederacy
Control the Mississippi River Capture the Capital Richmond, VA
Southern Strategy Win by not losing
* Fight a defensive war avoid major battles * Extend the war to
gain support of European nations (France & Great Britain) who
depend on King Cotton * Strong military leaders give the South a
chance The Union & Confederacy in 1861 George McClellan,
Again!
Lincolns Generals Winfield Scott Joseph Hooker Ulysses S. Grant
Irwin McDowell George McClellan George Meade Ambrose Burnside
George McClellan, Again! McClellan: I Can Do It All! The Leader of
the Confederacy
Pres. Jefferson Davis Nathan Bedford Forrest
The Confederate Generals Stonewall Jackson Nathan Bedford Forrest
George Pickett Jeb Stuart James Longstreet Robert E. Lee Americans
Expect a Short War
Bull Run Bull Runfirst battle, near Washington, D.C.; Confederate
victory This battle shows both sides that the war will not be
short. Thomas J. Jackson called Stonewall Jackson for firm stand in
battle Britain Remains Neutral
Britain Pursues Its Own Interests Britain has cotton inventory, new
sources; does not need South Needs Northern wheat, corn; chooses
neutrality The Trent Affair Confederate diplomats travel on Trent
to get British, French support U.S. Navy arrests them; Lincoln
frees them, averts war with Britain Almost brings Britain into the
war. The War for the Capitols
On to Richmond McClellan waits to attack Confederate capital,
Richmond; drills troops for 5 months Spring 1862, Robert E. Lee
takes command of Southern army Lee, McClellan fight Seven Days
Battle; Union leaves Richmond area Lee shows the advantage of
military leadership for the Confederacy. The confederacy in the
east is very successful, even though they are outnumber, and
outmatched The War for the Capitols
Antietam Lee wins the Second Battle of Bull Run; marches into
Maryland !!!!! Lee, McClellan clash at Antietambloodiest single-day
battle in American History!!!!!!! Battle a standoff; Confederates
retreat; McClellan does not pursue Lincoln fires McClellan Battle
of Antietam Bloodiest Single Day of the War
September 17, 1862 23,000 casualties What is the message of this
sculpture? The Republican Party Opposes Slavery
Many Northerners who opposed slavery joined the Republican Party.
Abolitionists wanted to end ALL slavery. However, not all Northern
whites agreed. The majority of Northern whites were prejudiced
against African Americans (free/slave). BUTthe majority of Northern
whites did NOT want slavery to spread westward into new
territories. Emancipation in 1863 The Emancipation Proclamation
Emancipation Proclamation
By issuing the Emancipation Proclamation, President Lincoln makes
slavery the focus of the war. Terms of the Proclamation: 1)frees
slaves in the Confederate states 2)does NOT apply to areas occupied
by the Union or states where slavery is permitted in the Union
(such as the border states of Missouri and Kentucky) 3) Discourages
Britain from supporting/joining the Confederacy Both Sides Face
Political Problems
Dealing with Dissent Lincoln suspends habeas corpus: order to bring
accused to court, explain charges (Copperheads anti-war N Democrats
among those arrested) Seizes telegraph offices to prevent
subversion Confederate President Davis denounces Lincolns action
Then suspends habeas corpus in South also Lincolns action in
dramatically expanding presidential powers to meet a crisis in
wartime emergency powers sets precedent for future presidents Both
Sides Face Political Problems
Conscription Casualties, desertions lead to conscriptiondraft to
serve in army Both armies allow draftees to hire substitutes to
serve for them Planters with more than 20 slaves exempted 90%
eligible Southerners serve; 92% Northern soldiers volunteer Draft
Riots White workers fear Southern blacks will come North, compete
for jobs Angry at having to free slaves, mobs rampage through New
York City Also rioted because the rich did not have to fight.
(Substitutes) Buy Your Way Out of Military Service
Bottom Rail on Top Disc 3 The War Affects Regional Economies
FOOD SHORTAGES in the South Food shortages from lost manpower,
Northern occupation, loss of slaves Blockade creates other
shortages; some Confederates trade with enemy ECONOMY BOOM in the
North Industries that supply army boom; some contractors cheat and
profit Wages do not keep up with prices; workers standard of living
drops Women replace men on farms, city jobs, government jobs
Congress establishes first income tax on earnings to pay for war
Soldiers Suffer on Both Sides
More soldiers died from Dysentery (diarrhea) than were killed in
battle Lived in unsanitary camp conditions (epidemics easily
spread) wash hands 1/day, bathe 1/week 75% of surgeries were
amputations (saw often used on 1 person after another w/o
sanitizing) - fingers the most amputated body part Soldiers Suffer
on Both Sides
Prisons Andersonvilleworst Confederate prison (in Georgia)
Conditions so bad that Major (warden) Henry Wirz is tried,
convicted, hanged for war crimes from Andersonville no shelter,
sanitation, little food 1/3 of prisoners die Northern prisons more
space, food, shelter Vicksburg Under Siege Grant Wins at
Vicksburg
Confederate Vicksburg prevents Union from controlling Mississippi
Spring 1863, Union destroys MS rail lines, sacks Jackson Grant
begins siege in May Starving Confederates surrender on July 4
Confederacy completely divided Armies Clash at Gettysburg
Prelude to Gettysburg In May 1863, South defeats North at
Chancellorsville Stonewall Jackson mistakenly shot by own troops
dies 8 days later of pneumonia Armies Clash at Gettysburg
Three-day battle at Gettysburg devastates/cripples the South
1)Union (Meade) and Confederate (Lee) 2)vicious artillery fire 3)on
3rd day, Lee retreats and Meade stays behind Staggering losses on
both sides This is the turning point in the war 51,000 casualties
at Gettysburg
(killed, wounded, captured, and missing) Mary was hysterical that
Taddie was ill in bed and Abraham was thinking of going to
Gettysburg.
Lincolns valet died from scarlet fever after returning from
Gettysburg. Lincoln himself was ill and was quarantined for nearly
3 weeks upon returning. ...his public duties are so
pressing...
The White House Transcontinental railroad issues... Sensitive
diplomatic affairs... Preparation of message to Congress... Key
elections in Maryland... Visits from state government officials...
Public order in Louisiana... Developing Reconstruction plans...
...his public duties are so pressing... Gen. Meade at the
Rappahannock... Selecting commanders for USCT... Efforts to invade
Texas... Dispute with Gen. Rosencrans... Gen. Burnsides retreat to
Knoxville... Gen. Sherman on the march... Attempted retaking of Ft.
Sumter... Gen. Grant ready to attack Chattanooga... The War
Department The War Department Fewer than 300 words Only 9 sentences
Less than 3 minutes The Gettysburg Address
The Memorial Ceremony November 1863, ceremony held to dedicate
cemetery in Gettysburg and honors dead soldiers Edward Everett,
noted speaker, gives flowery two-hour speech Lincolns two-minute
Gettysburg Address asserts unity of U.S. Speech calls for living to
dedicate selves to preserving the Union and freedom The Confederacy
Wears Down
Grant and Lee in Virginia Grants strategy: 1)immobilize Lee in
Virginia while Sherman raids Georgia 2)May 1864-April 1865, Grant
and Lee fight many battles -heavy losses on both sides -North can
replace soldiers South cannot! The Confederacy Wears Down
Confederate Morale South unable to attack; hopes to get armistice
Civilian morale plummets Discord in government Grant Appoints
Sherman March 1864, Lincoln appoints Grant commander of all Union
armies Grant appoints William Tecumseh Sherman commander of
Mississippi division [West] Grant, Sherman believe in total war to
destroy Souths will to fight The Confederacy Wears Down
Shermans March to the Sea Sept, 1864: 1)Sherman takes Atlanta -not
much of a fight, Atlanta mostly vacant 2)Sherman cuts wide path (60
miles) of destruction across Georgia towards Savannah 3)By
December, takes Savannah and moves up to SC -even more destruction
in SC Shermans March to the Sea through Georgia, 1864
Uncle Billy 1864 Election Pres. Lincoln (R) George McClellan (D)
Key Players Ulysses S. Grant - NORTH Robert E. Lee - SOUTH
Fought in the war with Mexico Started Civil War as a volunteer
Lincoln promotes him Becomes eighteenth president Aristocrat father
served under George Washington Believed slavery was evil Loyal to
his beloved Virginia Surrender at Appomattox April 9, 1865
Casualties on Both Sides Why was the Civil War so deadly?
Considered the 1st Modern War New Weapons Long-range artillery
Accurate rifles Old tactics Fighting in straight lines Attacking in
close formation Medical Procedures Little knowledge of bacteria and
infection Civil War Casualties in Comparison to Other Wars The
Costs of the War Costs of the War
1)Hundreds of thousands dead, wounded; lives disrupted Union troops
killed 360,000 Confederate troops killed 260,000 2) Financially,
war costs the government an estimated $3.3 billion The War Changes
Lives New Birth of Freedom
1)1865:13th Amendment abolishes slavery in all states Civilians
Follow New Paths 1)Some soldiers stay in army, others are
civilians, many go west DVD 5, episode 9.2 Fords Theater (April 14,
1865) The Assassin John Wilkes Booth The Assassination WANTED!!!
Now He Belongs to the Ages! THE EXECUTION
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