the third asia-pacific computing and philosophy conference november 2-4, 2007
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The Third Asia-Pacific The Third Asia-Pacific Computing and Philosophy ConferenceComputing and Philosophy Conference
November 2-4, 2007November 2-4, 2007Chulanlongkorn University, Bangkok, ThailandChulanlongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
Intercultural Information Ethics: Intercultural Information Ethics: Foundations and ApplicationsFoundations and Applications
Rafael CapurroRafael CapurroStuttgart Media UniversityStuttgart Media University
GermanyGermany
R. Capurro: IIER. Capurro: IIE 33
OverviewOverview Defining the FieldDefining the Field OriginsOrigins Recent PublicationsRecent Publications The Foundational DebateThe Foundational Debate The Impact of ICT on Local CulturesThe Impact of ICT on Local Cultures Special IssuesSpecial Issues ConclusionConclusion
R. Capurro: IIER. Capurro: IIE 44
Defining the FieldDefining the Field IIE in a narrow sense: deals with the IIE in a narrow sense: deals with the
impact of ICT on different cultures as impact of ICT on different cultures as well as on how specific ethical ICT well as on how specific ethical ICT issues are understood from different issues are understood from different cultural traditionscultural traditions
R. Capurro: IIER. Capurro: IIE 55
Defining the FieldDefining the Field IIE in a broad sense: deals with IIE in a broad sense: deals with
ethical questions raised by other ethical questions raised by other (than digital) information and (than digital) information and communication media allowing a communication media allowing a large historical cross-media large historical cross-media comparative view.comparative view.
R. Capurro: IIER. Capurro: IIE 66
Defining the FieldDefining the Field IIE explores these issues under IIE explores these issues under
descriptive and normative descriptive and normative perspectives.perspectives.
Comparative studies can be done at Comparative studies can be done at a concrete or ontic level or at the a concrete or ontic level or at the level of ontological or structural level of ontological or structural presuppositions.presuppositions.
R. Capurro: IIER. Capurro: IIE 77
OriginsOrigins The international debate:The international debate:
• UNESCO First International Congress on UNESCO First International Congress on Ethical Legal, and Societal Aspects of Ethical Legal, and Societal Aspects of Digital Information, Principality of Digital Information, Principality of Monaco 1997 (and subsequent Monaco 1997 (and subsequent conferences)conferences)
• WSIS (Tunisia 2003, Geneva 2005)WSIS (Tunisia 2003, Geneva 2005)
R. Capurro: IIER. Capurro: IIE 88
OriginsOrigins The academic debate:The academic debate:
• CATaC Conferences organized by Charles Ess CATaC Conferences organized by Charles Ess and Fay Sudweeks since 1998and Fay Sudweeks since 1998
• ETHICOMP Conferences organized by Simon ETHICOMP Conferences organized by Simon Rogerson since 1995Rogerson since 1995
• CEPE conferences (since 1997)CEPE conferences (since 1997)• ICIE Conference 2004: the first international ICIE Conference 2004: the first international
conference addressing explicitly information conference addressing explicitly information ethics from an intercultural perspectiveethics from an intercultural perspective
• Oxford Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics: Oxford Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics: international conference 2005international conference 2005
R. Capurro: IIER. Capurro: IIE 99
Recent PublicationsRecent Publications Soraj Hongladarom & Charles Ess Soraj Hongladarom & Charles Ess
(Eds.), „Information Technology (Eds.), „Information Technology Ethics Cultural Perspectives“ (2007)Ethics Cultural Perspectives“ (2007)
Rafael Capurro, Johannes Frühbauer, Rafael Capurro, Johannes Frühbauer, Thomas Hausmanninger (Eds.), Thomas Hausmanninger (Eds.), „Localizing the Internet: ethical „Localizing the Internet: ethical aspects in intercultural perspective“ aspects in intercultural perspective“ (2007)(2007)
R. Capurro: IIER. Capurro: IIE 1010
The Foundational DebateThe Foundational Debate Charles Ess‘ „global information Charles Ess‘ „global information
ethics“: ethics“: • avoiding imperialistic homogenization avoiding imperialistic homogenization
which preserving the irreducible which preserving the irreducible differences between cultures and peopledifferences between cultures and people
• Western Ethics and Confucian thought: Western Ethics and Confucian thought: „resonance“ and „harmony“„resonance“ and „harmony“
• „„pros hen“ robust pluralism pros hen“ robust pluralism • Between irreducibility and Between irreducibility and
complementaritycomplementarity
R. Capurro: IIER. Capurro: IIE 1111
The Foundational DebateThe Foundational Debate Toru Nishigaki:Toru Nishigaki:
• The Western idea of a „coherent self“ and the The Western idea of a „coherent self“ and the Buddhist questionning of this idea.Buddhist questionning of this idea.
• The Western search for universal values and The Western search for universal values and the „doing away of conventional or universal the „doing away of conventional or universal interpretations of the meanings of words“ in interpretations of the meanings of words“ in ZEN.ZEN.
• Cognition as representation vs. „enactment“ of Cognition as representation vs. „enactment“ of the history of actions of a subject in the worldthe history of actions of a subject in the world
• Ethics as observer-dependent reflection on Ethics as observer-dependent reflection on moral norms („fundamental informatics“).moral norms („fundamental informatics“).
R. Capurro: IIER. Capurro: IIE 1212
The Foundational DebateThe Foundational Debate Terrell Ward Bynum:Terrell Ward Bynum:
• „„flourishing ethics“ flourishing ethics“ • Basic principles: freedom, equality and Basic principles: freedom, equality and
benevolence, minimum infringement of benevolence, minimum infringement of freedom.freedom.
• Maximize the opportunities of all Maximize the opportunities of all humans to exercise their autonomy.humans to exercise their autonomy.
• Different cultures „can provide a Different cultures „can provide a conductive context for human conductive context for human flourishing.“flourishing.“
R. Capurro: IIER. Capurro: IIE 1313
The Foundational DebateThe Foundational Debate Bernd Frohmann:Bernd Frohmann:
• „„A philosophical A philosophical ethosethos seeks contingencies and seeks contingencies and singularities rather than universal singularities rather than universal determinants, which block the aim of getting“ determinants, which block the aim of getting“ „free of oneself.“„free of oneself.“
• Aim of IIE:careful situational analysis and Aim of IIE:careful situational analysis and critical appraisal on the way(s) computers critical appraisal on the way(s) computers control societies.control societies.
• Develop strategies to become „digitally Develop strategies to become „digitally imperceptible“.imperceptible“.
R. Capurro: IIER. Capurro: IIE 1414
The Foundational DebateThe Foundational Debate Rafael Capurro:Rafael Capurro:
• IIE between mono- and meta-cultural ethical IIE between mono- and meta-cultural ethical claims: intertwining „thick“ and „thin“ ethical claims: intertwining „thick“ and „thin“ ethical arguments (Michael Walzer)arguments (Michael Walzer)
• „„direct“ and „indirect speech“ in relation to direct“ and „indirect speech“ in relation to information societyinformation society
• „„hothen“ („from“) approach: the question of hothen“ („from“) approach: the question of the source(s) of ethical norms, particularly the the source(s) of ethical norms, particularly the experience(s) of the facticity of the world and experience(s) of the facticity of the world and human existencehuman existence
R. Capurro: IIER. Capurro: IIE 1515
The Impact of ICT on Local The Impact of ICT on Local CulturesCultures
Asia and the Pacific:Asia and the Pacific:• Grodzinsky/Tavani: the danger of Grodzinsky/Tavani: the danger of
homogenizationhomogenization• Nakada: Japanese three-fold „life world“: Nakada: Japanese three-fold „life world“:
„Seken“ (trad. values), „Ikai“ (source of „Seken“ (trad. values), „Ikai“ (source of evil) and „Shakai“ (Western values) with evil) and „Shakai“ (Western values) with regard to ICTregard to ICT
• Takenouchi: critique of „digital Takenouchi: critique of „digital reductionism“reductionism“
• Nath: diversity of digital governanceNath: diversity of digital governance
R. Capurro: IIER. Capurro: IIE 1616
The Impact of ICT on Local The Impact of ICT on Local CulturesCultures
Latin America and the CaribbeanLatin America and the Caribbean• Pimienta: new social movements based on the Pimienta: new social movements based on the
InternetInternet• Figueroa: collective construction of identity in Figueroa: collective construction of identity in
México:México: AfricaAfrica
• First Africa Information Ethics Conference First Africa Information Ethics Conference (Pretoria, February 2007)(Pretoria, February 2007)
Australia:Australia:• Van der Velden: aboriginal databaseVan der Velden: aboriginal database
R. Capurro: IIER. Capurro: IIE 1717
Special IssuesSpecial Issues Privacy:Privacy:
• China: LÜ Yao-HuaiChina: LÜ Yao-Huai• Thailand: Kitiyadisai, HongladaromThailand: Kitiyadisai, Hongladarom• Japan and the West: Nakada/TamuraJapan and the West: Nakada/Tamura
Intellectual Property: Burk, CoyIntellectual Property: Burk, Coy Online Communities: SützlOnline Communities: Sützl Governmentality: ElichirigoityGovernmentality: Elichirigoity Gender Issues: SchinzelGender Issues: Schinzel Mobile Phones: ChokvasinMobile Phones: Chokvasin Health Care: Stahl, RogersonHealth Care: Stahl, Rogerson Digital Divide: KvasnyDigital Divide: Kvasny
R. Capurro: IIER. Capurro: IIE 1818
ConclusionConclusion IIE is an emerging discipline.IIE is an emerging discipline. The present debate shows a variety The present debate shows a variety
of foundational perspectives with a of foundational perspectives with a preference on the narrow view that preference on the narrow view that focuses IIE on ICT.focuses IIE on ICT.
Comparative studies with other Comparative studies with other media and epochs are not being media and epochs are not being considered so far.considered so far.
R. Capurro: IIER. Capurro: IIE 1919
ConclusionConclusion A lot of cultures have not been A lot of cultures have not been
analized.analized. I plea for an enlargement of the I plea for an enlargement of the
historical and geographical scope of historical and geographical scope of IIE.IIE.
The present debate emphazises the The present debate emphazises the question of privacy but new issues question of privacy but new issues are arising.are arising.
R. Capurro: IIER. Capurro: IIE 2020
ConclusionConclusion We should deepen the foundational We should deepen the foundational
debate on the sources of morality debate on the sources of morality from an IIE perspective.from an IIE perspective.
Ethics understood as the Ethics understood as the „problematization“ of morality (M. „problematization“ of morality (M. Foucault): this concerns the Foucault): this concerns the ontological or structural as well as ontological or structural as well as the ontic or empirical level.the ontic or empirical level.
R. Capurro: IIER. Capurro: IIE 2121
ConclusionConclusion One important issue in this regard is One important issue in this regard is
the question of the universality of the question of the universality of values vs. the locality of cultures and values vs. the locality of cultures and vice versavice versa
which is related to the problem of which is related to the problem of homogenization and hybridization (or homogenization and hybridization (or „thermocline“) of information „thermocline“) of information cultures and cultural approches to IE.cultures and cultural approches to IE.
R. Capurro: IIER. Capurro: IIE 2222
R. Capurro: IIER. Capurro: IIE 2323
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