the tao of the web: china and the future of the internet
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The Tao of the WebChina and the Global Internet
Rebecca MacKinnon
Open Society FellowAssistant Professor, Journalism & Media Studies Centre,
University of Hong KongCo-Founder, Global Voices
Blog: RConversation.comemail: rebecca.mackinnon@gmail.com
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License. To view acopy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons,171 Second Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, California, 94105, USA.
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
“The kingdom is a spirit-like thing, and cannot be got by active doing. He who would so win it destroys it; he who would hold it in his grasp loses it.”
--- Lao-tzu, The Tao-te ChingChapter 29, No.1
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Cultural loss of control: “Back dorm boys”
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J2HOD-nrOY8
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Premier Wen Jiabaoʼs 2-hour live chat with “netizens”
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Gov.cn
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Gov.cn
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Gov.cn
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
E - “Two Congresses”National Peopleʼs Congress & Chinese Peopleʼs Political Consultative Conference
http://elianghui.people.com.cn
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
E - “Two Congresses”National Peopleʼs Congress & Chinese Peopleʼs Political Consultative Conference
http://elianghui.people.com.cn
Sign up for a “membership
badge”
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
E - “Two Congresses”National Peopleʼs Congress & Chinese Peopleʼs Political Consultative Conference
http://elianghui.people.com.cn
Sign up for a “membership
badge”
Two suggestions for fighting corruption
Crackdown on ads for illegal medicine as hard as the anti-porn crackdown
Suggestions for improving safety in coal mines
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Proposal to abolish one child policy
“End the one-child policy, restore population growth to a sustainable
rate”
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Proposal to abolish one child policy
“End the one-child policy, restore population growth to a sustainable
rate”
Don’t we have enough people?
Uphold the reproductive rights of the Han Chinese race!
Reward single childless people with free health care...
Deng Xiaoping himself said that the one-child policy would be for 30 years!
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Chinese cyber-glasnost???
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Not so fast...
Wang Xiaofeng: people are getting too emotional .. “...without a proper [political] structure all
Premier Wen can do is interact with people on an emotional
level...”
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Not so fast...
Wang Xiaofeng: people are getting too emotional .. “...without a proper [political] structure all
Premier Wen can do is interact with people on an emotional
level...”
“Due to certain problems Wang Xiaofengʼs blog is closed temporarily (for a few days)”
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Sorry, due to a sudden case, plus the two-space- conferences, plus having
mentioned Pre-space-mier-space Wen, therefore Teacher Wangʼs blog
has been temporarily “smutted”...please have patience
until the two-space-meetings are over.
Not so fast...
Wang Xiaofeng: people are getting too emotional .. “...without a proper [political] structure all
Premier Wen can do is interact with people on an emotional
level...”
“Due to certain problems Wang Xiaofengʼs blog is closed temporarily (for a few days)”
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Dissidents are still in jail
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Dissidents are still in jail
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Dissidents are still in jail
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Dissidents are still in jail
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Cyber-tarianism?President Hu Jintao (June 2008):
“We pay great attention to suggestions and advice from our netizens. We stress the idea of
"putting people first" and "governing for the people." With this in mind, we need to listen to people's voices extensively and pool the people's wisdom when
we take actions and make decisions. The web is an
important channel for us to understand the concerns of the
public and assemble the wisdom of the public.”
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Cyber-tarianism?President Hu Jintao (June 2008):
“We pay great attention to suggestions and advice from our netizens. We stress the idea of
"putting people first" and "governing for the people." With this in mind, we need to listen to people's voices extensively and pool the people's wisdom when
we take actions and make decisions. The web is an
important channel for us to understand the concerns of the
public and assemble the wisdom of the public.”
• “Authoritarian deliberation” (Yongnian Zheng)http://video.sina.com.cn/news/c/v/2008-06-20/105617742.shtml
Technological Empowerment: The Internet, State, and Society in China
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Common Western paradigm for Chinese Internet controls: makes it
harder to understand Cyber-tarianism
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
“Iron curtain 2.0”(h/t Lokman Tsui)
Photo courtesy “PC fish” on Wikipedia at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Point_Alpha_Ostseite.jpg (GNU Free Documentation License)
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
The “Great Firewall” in action
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
“Net nanny”
Photo courtesy “merwing” at http://flickr.com/photos/merwing/2569326878/ (Creative Commons BY-NC-ND license)
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Inside the firewall: Search censorship Image search for “Tiananmen massacre”
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Inside the firewall: Search censorship Image search for “Tiananmen massacre”
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Inside the firewall: Search censorship Image search for “Tiananmen massacre”
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Tianya blog service: Blog post about
“Tiananmen Mothers”
Censorship by Chinese blog-hosting companies
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Your post “Tiananmen mothers organization publishes a website” has been successfully submitted! Because it
contains sensitive words, please wait for the community editors to approve it. Please donʼt re-post. Thank you.
CENSORED
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Sina.com: Report about explosion in Xinjiang, published successfully, but...
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Post is removed within 24 hours.Error message at same URL: “Sorry, the blog address
you visited does not exist.”
8 OUT OF 15 BLOG SERVICES TESTED CENSORED THIS CONTENT
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Tests show blogs are censored by companies, amount and methods very decentralized
Company A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
0 27 54 81 108
1
3
9
13
17
19
20
22
24
26
27
31
34
44
60
Number of blog posts tested
Blog
ser
vice
s
NOTE: Company names have been replaced with letters due to concerns that companies who censor
less will be subject to repercussions.
For more about Chinese blog censorship see February issue
of First Monday at:http://firstmonday.org
15 blog hosts tested, 108 valid tests
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Chinese web management: Hydro-electric engineering?
Photos: LEFT: “noelinthebahamas” on Flickr at http://flickr.com/photos/noelinthebahamas/2417798169/ (Creative Commons BY-NC-ND)RIGHT: “yunmeng” on Flickr at http://flickr.com/photos/yunmeng/323886547/ (Creative Commons BY-NC-SA)
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Riot in Wengʼan county, Guizhou province, Julyʼ08Summer 2008 marked a shift in
official media strategy: let official news agencies cover
bad breaking stories to get the official version out quickly, then
censor unofficial versions.
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
“Pushups” were used by bloggers
to talk about Wengʼan incident
This Sina.com website no longer exists
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
“Pushups” were used by bloggers
to talk about Wengʼan incident
This Sina.com website no longer exists
3 images from: http://www.caobian.info/?p=3778Tuesday, March 3, 2009
“Rivercrab”“Harmonious”
Political joke: “River crab wears three watches”
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Anti-censorship Protest video: “song of the alpaca sheep”
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O3tPA_Z_MT0
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
River crabs vs. alpaca sheep
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Cyber civil war 2.0？
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Cyber-nationalism
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
V.P. Xi Jinping in Mexico
Some foreigners who have eaten their fill have nothing better to do than point their
fingers at our affairs.
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
V.P. Xi Jinping in Mexico
Some foreigners who have eaten their fill have nothing better to do than point their
fingers at our affairs.
“It is only by way of this frankness that the confidence of a responsible big power can be better displayed; it is only by way of this frankness that the bright attitude of an increasingly powerful China can best be shown; and also it is only with this frankness
our fellow countrymen will feel excited.”
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
V.P. Xi Jinping in Mexico
Some foreigners who have eaten their fill have nothing better to do than point their
fingers at our affairs.
“It is only by way of this frankness that the confidence of a responsible big power can be better displayed; it is only by way of this frankness that the bright attitude of an increasingly powerful China can best be shown; and also it is only with this frankness
our fellow countrymen will feel excited.”
“Vice President Xi Jinping is so cool! He trashed the unfriendly
foreigners.”
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
“Fifty Cent party” paid & volunteer web commentators
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Cyber-vigilantism“Human flesh search engines”
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Cyber-vigilantism“Human flesh search engines”
Cyber-Maoism?
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Cyber police
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Cyber bonapartism?“a broad centrist
political movement that advocates the idea of a strong and centralized
state, based on popular support.”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonapartism
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Cyber-confucianism?
“importance of education for moral development of the individual so that the state can be governed by moral virtue rather than by the use of coercive laws.”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confucianism
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Cyber-ocracy?
2008 Chinese Blogger Conference, Guangzhou.Photos courtesy “HKdom” http://www.flickr.com/photos/hkdom/3046205362/
and http://www.flickr.com/photos/hkdom/3046219444/in/photostream/ Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Isaac Mao
http://www.isaacmao.com/
Photo by Joi Ito (Creative Commons BY) at: http://freesouls.cc/essays/07-isaac-mao-sharism.html
If we want free speech, first we need free thinking.
“Sharism will be the politics of the next global superpower. It will not be a country, but a new human network joined by Social Software.”
“Sharism will result in better social justice. In a healthy sharing environment, any evidence of injustice can get amplified to get the public's attention. Anyone who has been abused can get real and instant support from her peers and her peers' peers.”
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Bloggers & civil rights lawyers argue:
“Internet democracy” isnʼt really democratic without things like:
• rational, systematic & fair mechanisms;
• mandated institutional transparency & accountability;
• meaningful and robust legal protection for free speech
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Web freedom vs. controlJeffersonians vs. Hamiltonians
(Central idea in David Postʼs Jeffersonʼs Moose)
Both photos in public domain via Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:T_Jefferson_by_Charles_Willson_Peale_1791_2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Alexander_Hamilton_portrait_by_John_Trumbull_1806.jpg
The argument is very much unresolved in todayʼs parliamentary democracies when it comes to Web standards and regulations..
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Web freedom vs. controlJeffersonians vs. Hamiltonians
(Central idea in David Postʼs Jeffersonʼs Moose)
Both photos in public domain via Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:T_Jefferson_by_Charles_Willson_Peale_1791_2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Alexander_Hamilton_portrait_by_John_Trumbull_1806.jpg
The argument is very much unresolved in todayʼs parliamentary democracies when it comes to Web standards and regulations..
A lively Chinese version of this debate is now
raging, hampered by censorship - and
complicated by strong nationalism.
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
We are building a global layer between citizens and government
Government
Citizen
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
We are building a global layer between citizens and government
Government
Web & IT services
Citizen
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
We are building a global layer between citizens and government
Government
Web & IT services
Citizen
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
We are building a global layer between citizens and government
Government
Web & IT services
Citizen
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Where are we going?
“AuthoritarianCountries”
“DemocraticCountries”
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Where are we going?
“AuthoritarianCountries”
“DemocraticCountries”
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Where are we going?
“AuthoritarianCountries”
“DemocraticCountries”
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Where are we going?
“AuthoritarianCountries”
“DemocraticCountries”
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
Where are we going?
“AuthoritarianCountries”
“DemocraticCountries”
?
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
We are building a global layer between citizens and government
Web & IT services
Government
Citizen
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
We are building a global layer between citizens and government
Web & IT services
Government
Citizen
Global Network Initiative
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
We are building a global layer between citizens and government
Web & IT services
Government
Citizen
Global Network Initiative
Regulation(GOFA, WTO, etc?)
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
We are building a global layer between citizens and government
Web & IT services
Government
Citizen
Internet governance & Technical standards
Global Network Initiative
Regulation(GOFA, WTO, etc?)
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
We are building a global layer between citizens and government
Web & IT services
Government
Citizen
Internet governance & Technical standards
International human rights normsGlobal
Network Initiative
Regulation(GOFA, WTO, etc?)
Tuesday, March 3, 2009
We are building a global layer between citizens and government
Web & IT services
Government
Citizen
Internet governance & Technical standards
International human rights normsGlobal
Network Initiative
Regulation(GOFA, WTO, etc?)
MUCH better
organized, informed & equipped
GLOBAL CITIZENRY?Tuesday, March 3, 2009
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