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The Stereoscope

Double vision

1

Double vision

The Stereoscope

1851

1940

Cartes de Visite

Trading facesTrading faces

Carte-de-visite:

Thumb-sized portraits popular during the

1860’s. People often collected them in albums.

Not having a carte was like not having a

Facebook page!

Civil War

A new realismA new realism

Mathew Brady,

the “Father of

Documentary

Photography,”

photographed the

Civil War.Mathew Brady Magazine in Battery Rodgers 1863

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Photography began to re-mold the public’s understanding of

war and conflict. Brady “brought the bodies of the dead to

the doorsteps of civilians.” (New York Times)

Mathew Brady Confederate Dead, Fredericksburg

Documentary Expression

& Social Reform& Social Reform

Observing with feeling

Jacob Riis, “The Baby’s Playground," circa 1890

Although he considered himself a writer rather than a photographer,

the photos in Jacob Riis’ bestseller How the Other Half Lives gave

momentum to a sanitary reform movement and resulted in New York

State’s Tenement House Act of 1901.

Jacob Riis, “Five Cents a Spot," 1889

Jacob Riis, “Knee-pants at Forty-Five Cents a Dozen -- a Ludlow

Street Sweater's Shop," 1890

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Lewis Hine Girl Worker 1908

Hine’s pictures of child factory workers resulted in

the creation of new labor laws to protect children.

He

photographed

his subjects

in a way that

left their

dignity

intact.intact.

Dorothea Lange Migrant Mother, Nipomo CA 1936

Dorothea Lange

photographed

displaced and

relocated farm

workers during the

Great Depression.

She was later hired

by the State of

Dorothea Lange 18-year old Mother From Oklahoma, now a California Migrant

by the State of

California and the

Federal government

as a documentary

photographer.

Dorothea Lange Migratory Workers from Oklahoma Washing in Desert Hot Springs

Evidence

The camera as The camera as

objective retina

Eadweard Muybridge The Horse in Motion 1878

Moving Pictures

Creating the illusion Creating the illusion

of motion

Zoopraxiscope: an early device

for displaying motion pictures.

Created by Eadweard Muybridge.

In the early

1900’s, Frank and

Lillian Gilbreth

used photography

to study time and to study time and

motion,

increasing

industrial

efficiency.

Astronomy would be

unimaginable

without the use of

telescope

photography.

Pictorialism

Camerawork as artworkCamerawork as artwork

Oscar Rejlander Pensive Young Girl Posing on Box 1860

Oscar Rejlander Young Woman, Expression of Sorrow 1860

Pictorialists:

A group of photographers

who believed that a

photograph should look as photograph should look as

much like a painting as

possible.

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Henry Peach Robinson When the Day’s Work is Done 1877

Pictorialism

promised

“room for

artistic

expression...”

Robert Demachy Behind the Scenes 1904

Edgar Degas Dancers at the Bar 1877

…but some people

made fun of Pictorialist

photographs by calling

them “fuzzygraphs.”

John Dudley Johnston Liverpool – An Impression 1906

The Brownie

Photography for everyonePhotography for everyone

1888

Kodak invents roll

film cameras

35

film cameras

Kodak Brownie camera

Kodak Brownie camera advertisement

Photograph taken with a Kodak Brownie camera

Postcards

Wish you were hereWish you were here

In 1908

677,777,798 post cards were mailed in the U.S.

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Kodachrome

Slideshow maniaSlideshow mania

Kodachrome Basin State Park, Utah