the solar system · jupiter •unlike saturn's, jupiter's rings are dark. they're...
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THE SOLAR SYSTEM
THE OUTER PLANETS:
JUPITER, SATURN, URANUS, &
NEPTUNE
JUPITER FACTS
• Distance from the Sun (AU): 5.3
• Radius (km): 71 000
• Mass (Earth Mass): 320
• Average Surface Temperature (ºC): -150
JUPITER
• Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and
by far the largest. Jupiter is more than
twice as massive as all the other planets
combined (320 times Earth).
• Jupiter is the fourth brightest object in the
sky
JUPITER
• The gas planets do not have solid surfaces, their
gaseous material simply gets denser with depth
• Jupiter is about 90% hydrogen and 10% helium
• Jupiter probably has a core of rocky material
amounting to something like 10 to 15 Earth-masses.
JUPITER • Unlike Saturn's, Jupiter's rings are dark. They're
probably composed of very small grains of rocky
material. Unlike Saturn's rings, they seem to
contain no ice.
• Jupiter is just about as large in diameter as a
gas planet can be.
• Jupiter has 61 known satellites (as of May
2003): the four large Galilean moons, 34 smaller
named ones, plus many more small ones
discovered recently but not yet named
SATURN FACTS
• Distance from the Sun (AU): 9.5
• Radius (km): 60 000
• Mass (Earth Mass): 95
• Average Surface Temperature (ºC): -170
SATURN
• Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun and the second largest.
• Saturn is the least dense of the planets; its specific gravity (0.7) is less than that of water
SATURN
• Saturn's rings are extraordinarily thin:
though they're 250,000 km or more in
diameter they're less than one kilometer
thick
• The ring particles seem to be composed
primarily of water ice, but they may also
include rocky particles with icy coatings.
SATURN
• Saturn is about 75% hydrogen and 25% helium with traces of water, methane, ammonia and "rock“
• Saturn's interior is hot (12000 K at the core) and Saturn radiates more energy into space than it receives from the Sun.
• Saturn has 30 named satellites plus one discovered in 2003 and as yet unnamed
URANUS FACTS
• Distance from the Sun (AU): 19.0
• Radius (km): 26 000
• Mass (Earth Mass): 15
• Average Surface Temperature (ºC): -215
URANUS "YOOR a nus"
• Uranus is the seventh planet from the Sun
and the third largest (by diameter). Uranus
is larger in diameter but smaller in mass
than Neptune.
• Uranus is composed primarily of rock and
various ices, with only about 15%
hydrogen and a little helium
URANUS
• Most of the planets spin on an axis nearly
perpendicular to the plane of the ecliptic
but Uranus' axis is almost parallel to the
ecliptic.
• Uranus' blue color is the result of
absorption of red light by methane in the
upper atmosphere.
NOT YOUR ANUS
• Like the other gas planets, Uranus has
rings
• Uranus is sometimes just barely visible
with the unaided eye on a very clear night
• Uranus has 21 named moons and six
unnamed ones
NEPTUNE FACTS
• Distance from the Sun (AU): 30.0
• Radius (km): 25 000
• Mass (Earth Mass): 17
• Average Surface Temperature (ºC): -215
NEPTUNE
• Neptune is the eighth planet from the Sun
and the fourth largest (by diameter).
Neptune is smaller in diameter but larger
in mass than Uranus.
• Like a typical gas planet, Neptune has
rapid winds confined to bands of latitude
and large storms or vortices. Neptune's
winds are the fastest in the solar system,
reaching 2000 km/hour.
NEPTUNE
• Neptune's composition is probably similar
to Uranus': various "ices" and rock with
about 15% hydrogen and a little helium.
• Like Uranus and Jupiter, Neptune's rings
are very dark but their composition is
unknown.
NEPTUNE
• Neptune can be seen with binoculars (if you know exactly where to look) but a large telescope is needed to see anything other than a tiny disk.
• Neptune has 13 known moons; 7 small named ones and Triton plus four discovered in 2002 and one discovered in 2003 which have yet to be named
PLUTO
• Pluto is now considered to be a minor
planet or dwarf planet along with about 25
others that have been identified
• There are some who think Pluto would be
better classified as a large asteroid or
comet rather than as a planet
PLUTO • Pluto has not been visited by a spacecraft. Even
the Hubble Space Telescope can resolve only the largest features on its surface
• Pluto's orbit is highly eccentric. At times it is closer to the Sun than Neptune (as it was from January 1979 thru February 11 1999). Pluto rotates in the opposite direction from most of the other planets.
• Pluto is the farthest from the Sun (usually) and by far the smallest. Pluto is smaller than seven of the solar system's satellites including the Moon
PLUTO AND ITS PARTNER
• Charon is unusual in that it is the largest
moon with respect to its primary planet in
the Solar System. Some prefer to think of
Pluto/Charon as a double planet rather
than a planet and a moon.
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