the skeletal system - amazon s3® lecture slide presentation by patty bostwick-taylor,...
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PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation
by Patty Bostwick-Taylor,
Florence-Darlington Technical College
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
PART B 5
The Skeletal
System
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Bone Fractures
Fracture—break in a bone
Types of bone fractures
Closed (simple) fracture—break that does not penetrate the skin
Open (compound) fracture—broken bone penetrates through the skin
Bone fractures are treated by reduction and immobilization
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Common Types of Fractures
Table 5.2
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Repair of Bone Fractures
Hematoma (blood-filled swelling) is formed
Break is splinted by fibrocartilage to form a callus
Fibrocartilage callus is replaced by a bony callus
Bony callus is remodeled to form a permanent
patch
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Stages in the Healing of a Bone Fracture
Figure 5.5
Hematoma
External callus
Bony callus of spongy bone
Healed fracture
New blood vessels
Internal callus (fibrous tissue and cartilage)
Spongy bone trabecula
Hematoma
formation
Fibrocartilage
callus formation
Bony callus
formation
Bone remodeling
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The Axial Skeleton
Forms the longitudinal axis of the body
Divided into three parts
Skull
Vertebral column
Bony thorax
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The Axial Skeleton
Figure 5.6a
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The Axial Skeleton
Figure 5.6b
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The Skull
Two sets of bones
Cranium
Facial bones
Bones are joined by sutures
Only the mandible is attached by a freely movable
joint
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Human Skull, Lateral View
Figure 5.7
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Human Skull, Superior View
Figure 5.8
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Human Skull, Inferior View
Figure 5.9
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Human Skull, Anterior View
Figure 5.11
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Paranasal Sinuses
Hollow portions of bones surrounding the nasal
cavity
Functions of paranasal sinuses
Lighten the skull
Give resonance and amplification to voice
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Paranasal Sinuses
Figure 5.10a
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Paranasal Sinuses
Figure 5.10b
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The Hyoid Bone
The only bone that does not articulate with
another bone
Serves as a moveable base for the tongue
Aids in swallowing and speech
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The Hyoid Bone
Figure 5.12
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