the semantic web meets resource management · terena eurocamp, 2006-04-03 rdf 101 the semantic web...

Terena EuroCAMP, 2006-04-03<roland.hedberg@adm.umu.se>

RDF 101The Semantic Web meets Resource Management

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The Resource Description Framework

The Resource Description Framework (RDF) is a language for representing information about things (metadata) that can be identified on the Web, even when they cannot be directly retrieved on the Web.

A W3C standard2

Metadata

A metadata record consists of a set of attributes, or elements, necessary to describe the resource in question.

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RDF basics

Information is a collection of statements, each with a subject,verb and object - and nothing else.

Everything, be it subject,verb or object, is identified with a Uniform Resource Identifier. One exception; a object can be a literal (string, integer,..)

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subject,verb and object

S: <http://www.terena.nl/friend#roland>V: <http://www.openmetadir.org/om/0.1/element#knows> O: <http://www.terena.nl/friend#diego> .

Everything is identified by a URI The verb is also known as a predicate and what you use as a predicate is a propertyDon’t forget the ‘.’

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Directed graph

<http://www.terena.nl/friend#roland>

<http://www.openmetadir.org/om/0.1/element#knows>

<http://www.terena.nl/friend#diego>

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RDF serializationsRDF101 has an author who is Roland HedbergN-Triples

<http://www.terena.nl/events/eurocamp2006#rdf101> <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1#author> “Roland Hedberg” .

N3@prefix dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1#> .@prefix ec06: <http://www.terena.nl/events/eurocamp2006#> . ec06:rdf101 dc:author “Roland Hedberg” .

RDF/XML<rdf:RDF xmlns="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1,1#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1,1#" xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"> <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://www.terena.nl/events/eurocamp2006#rdf101"> <author>Roland Hedberg</author> </rdf:Description></rdf:RDF>

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Sharing conceptsProperties are defined in contexts

Are these the same ?title = title

Are these ?http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/title =http://openmetadir.org/om/0.1/title

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From here on we’ll use this:

@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>@prefix dc: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/>@prefix om: <http://www.openmetadir.org/om/0.1/>@prefix friend: <http://www.terena.nl/friend#>

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friend:roland om:knows friend:diego; foaf:topic_interest “Skiing”@en .

friend:roland

friend:DIEGO"Skiing"

om:knowsfoaf:topic_interest

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friend:roland om:knows friend:diego; foaf:topic_interest “Skiing”@en ; foaf:currentproject “Spocp”,”OpenMetaDir”,”HLS”,”Swami/MD” .

friend:roland

"Skiing"

om:knowsfoaf:topic_interest

foaf:currentProject

"Openmetadir"

"HLS"

"SWAMI/MD"

"Spocp"

friend:DIEGO

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friend:roland

"Ton"

"Skiing"@en

om:knowsfoaf:topic_interest

"Openmetadir"

"HLS"

"SWAMI/MD"

"Spocp"

"Verschuren"

FOAF:FirstnameFOAF:FamilyName

"Holländare"@se

om:citizenship

foaf:currentProject

friend:roland om:knows [ foaf:firstname “Ton”; foaf:familyname “Verschuren”; om:citizenship “Holländare”@se ];

foaf:topic_interest “Skiing”@en ; foaf:currentproject “Spocp”,”OpenMetaDir”,”HLS”,”Swami/MD” .

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OWL

The OWL Web Ontology Language is intended to provide a language that can be used to describe the classes and relations between them that are inherent in Web documents and applications.

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The Web Ontology Language (OWL)

supports

Sharing information and knowledge (for interoperability)Defining the relationships between different resourcesUnderstanding of the domainRepresentation of conceptualization

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!!!

An ontology differs from an XML schema in that it is a knowledge representation, not a message format

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An oncology encompasses four concepts

ClassesRelationship between classesProperties of classesConstrains on relationship between the classes and properties of the classes

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OWL types

OWL Lite; Supports simple classifications, allowing only cardinalities of 0 and 1 and only minimal constrains.OWL DL; Supports more complex ontologies, but with some guarantees, such as processing finishing in finite time.OWL Full; maximum freedom of RDF, with no computational guarantees.

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So What Might a OWL ontology

look like !?

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Basic Elements

The most basic concepts in a domain should correspond to classes that are the roots of various taxonomic trees.Properties let us assert general facts about the members of classes and specific facts about individuals.An individual is minimally introduced by declaring it to be a member of a class

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Simple properties

A property is a binary relation. Two types of properties are distinguished:datatype properties, relations between instances of classes and RDF literals and XML Schema datatypes.object properties, relations between instances of two classes.

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Simple Property Restrictions

DomainRange

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Property Characteristics

TransitivePropertySymmetricPropertyFunctionalPropertyInverseOfInverseFunctionalProperty

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Property restrictions

In addition to designating property characteristics, it is possible to further constrain the range of a property in specific contexts in a variety of ways.

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restrictions

allValuesFrom, someValuesFromcardinality, minCardinality, maxCardinalityhasValue

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Ontology Mapping

equivalentClass, equivalentPropertysameAsdifferentFrom,AllDifferent

intersectionOf,unionOf,oneOfdisjointWith

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Property description (dc)

@prefix dcns: <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/>@prefix dctermsns: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/>@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .@prefix : <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .

dcns:title a rdf:Property; dcns:description "Typically, a Title will be a name by which the resource is formally

known."@en-US; dcns:type <http://dublincore.org/usage/documents/principles/#element>; dctermsns:hasVersion <http://dublincore.org/usage/terms/history/#title-004>; dctermsns:issued "1999-07-02"; dctermsns:modified "2002-10-04"; :comment "A name given to the resource."@en-US; :isDefinedBy <http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/>; :label "Title"@en-US .

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property definition (foaf)

@prefix : <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .@prefix vs: <http://www.w3.org/2003/06/sw-vocab-status/ns#> .

<http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/family_name> a rdf:Property, owl:DatatypeProperty; :comment "The family_name of some person."; :domain <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person>; :isDefinedBy <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>; :label "family_name"; :range :Literal; vs:term_status "testing" .

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Class description (foaf)

<http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> a :Class, owl:Class; :comment "A person."; :isDefinedBy <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>; :label "Person"; :subClassOf con:Person, wgs:SpatialThing, <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Agent>, <http://xmlns.com/wordnet/1.6/Agent>, <http://xmlns.com/wordnet/1.6/Person>; owl:disjointWith <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Document>, <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Organization>, <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Project>; vs:term_status "stable" .

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super classes <http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/pim/contact#Person> a :Class;

:comment "A person in the normal sense of the word.";:subClassOf :SocialEntity .

<http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/pim/contact#SocialEntity> a rdfs:Class;:comment "The sort of thing which can have a phone number." .

<http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#SpatialThing> a :Class;:comment "Anything with spatial extent, i.e. size, shape, or position. e.g. people, places, bowling balls, as well as abstract areas like cubes.";:label "SpatialThing" .

<http://xmlns.com/wordnet/1.6/Agent> a :Class;:comment "an active and efficient cause; capable of producing a certain effect; \"their research uncovered new disease agents\"";:label "Agent [ 1 ]";:subClassOf <http://xmlns.com/wordnet/1.6/Causal_agent> .

<http://xmlns.com/wordnet/1.6/Person> a :Class;:comment "a human being; \"there was too much for one person to do\"";:label "Person [ 1 ]";:subClassOf <http://xmlns.com/wordnet/1.6/Organism> .

<http://xmlns.com/wordnet/1.6/Organism> a :Class;:comment "a living thing that has (or can develop) the ability to act or function independently";:label "Organism [ 1 ]";:subClassOf <http://xmlns.com/wordnet/1.6/Living_thing> .

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There is a more to OWL but we’ll take that another time

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RDF and Identity/Resource

ManagementMiddleware is a lot about managing objects/resources more specifically metadata about those.Identity management just one partIf you want to future-proof your investment don’t chose a limiting frameworkAnd for godness sake describe your knowledge representation !

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Resource Management

Lots of sources and sinks with their view of the worldHarmonised view is essentialRelationship between metadata from different places should be possible to expressVersion handling

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We are writing ontologies for:

PersonOrganisation

RoleGroup

CourseCourseInstance

...

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Not just ontologies

Ontologies for sources and sinks as well as for the metadirectory/registryThe ontology relationsship between sources/sinks and the metadirectory/registry

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The picture of an ontology

cd Omnia

{xor}

Employee

- «type» type: MultiLanguageType = {RegularEmploym...

- «type» position: MultiLanguageType = {primulapositions}

Function

- «type» type: MultiLanguageType = {KIMKAT, Admini...

- «type» function: MultiLanguageType = {President, Vic...

- «Not Null» affi l iation: Member

- «Not Null» organization: Organization

- phone: Phone [0..*]

- address: Address [0..*]

- «Not Null» fromDate: date = current_date

- toDate: date

Person

- «Not Null» LIN: int

- uid: String

- password: String

- clientCertificates: X509Certificate[]

- KIMKATEmail: String

- email: String [0..*] {ordered}

- identifier: PersonalIdentifier [1..*]

- name: Name [1..*]

- title: Title [0..*]

- address: Address [0..*]

- phone: Phone [0..*]

- «type» sex: MultiLanguageType = {M,F,Unknown} d...

- birth: Date

- homepage: String

- contactInfo: ContactInfo [0..*]

- primaryAffi l iation: Affi l iation

- affi l iation: Affi liation [0..*]

- «Not Null» primaryLanguage: String = SV

- «Not Null» state: ProvisioningState = created

- «type» exportLevel: MultiLanguageType = {protected, wor...

- personHistory: PersonHistory [1..*]

- affi l iationHistory: Affil iationHistory [1..*]

Student

- «type» type: MultiLanguageType = {programmeStude...

- «type» position: MultiLanguageType = {ladokpositions}

Name

- firstName: String [1..*] {ordered}

- «Not Null» givenNameIndex: int = 0

- middleName: String

- surName: String

- «Not Null» displayName: String

Affiliation

- phone: Phone [0..*]

- address: Address [0..*]

- contract: Contract

- «Not Null» fromDate: date = current_date

- toDate: date

- «Not Null» organization: OfficialOrganization

- «Not Null» state: ProvisioningState

Address

- «type» type: MultiLanguageType = {visitingAddres...

- addressLines: String [0..*] {ordered}

- province: String

- postalCode: String

- city: String

- «Not Null» country: Country

- «Not Null» fromDate: date = current_date

- toDate: date

- «Not Null» isTemporary: boolean = false

Phone

- «type» type: MultiLanguageType = {regular phone,...

- «Not Null» countryCode: Country = SE

- «Not Null» number: String

Affiliate

- «type» type: MultiLanguageType = {Worker, Consul...

- employedBy: ExternalContact

- «Not Null» KIMKATValidTo: date

Affi l iation

Member

- function: Function [0..*]

- «Not Null» percentage: int = 0

Alumn

- «type» type: MultiLanguageType = {studAlumn, emp...

Organization

- name: OrgName [1..*]

- parent: Organization

- phone: Phone [0..*]

- address: Address [0..*]

- homePage: String

- contactInfo: String

- «Not Null» fromDate: date = current_date

- toDate: date

- relationship: OrganizationRelationship [0..*]

- function: Function [0..*]

SupportOrganization

- «type» type: MultiLanguageType = {Board, Committ...

PersonalIdentifier

- «type» type: MultiLanguageType = {SSNPersonalIde...

- «Not Null» value: String

Title

- «type» type: MultiLanguageType = {additional, ac...

- «type» title: MultiLanguageType = {Professor, Lec...

Other

- «type» type: MultiLanguageType

- «type» position: MultiLanguageType = {kaffpositions}

- employedBy: ExternalContact

- «Not Null» KIMKATValidTo: date

Prov isioningState

- «type» state: MultiLanguageType = {catalogueonly,...

- attributes: StateAttribute [0..*]

OrgName

- «Not Null» name: String

- shortName: String

- displayName: String

- «Not Null» language: String = SV

- description: String

StateAttribute

- «Not Null» attribute: String

- value: String

AffiliationHistory

- affi liation: Affi liation

- «type» state: MultiLanguageType = {catalogueonly,...

- «type» reason: Reason

- «Not Null» timestamp: date = current_timestamp

ExternalContact

- «Not Null» company: ExternalCompany

- contactPerson: String

- phone: String

- email: String

ExternalCompany

- orgnr: String

- «type» type: MultiLanguageType = {SSL, Company/O...

- «Not Null» name: String

- address: String

- homepage: String

CooperationOrganization

- «type» type: MultiLanguageType = {Centre of Rese...

OfficialOrganization

- «type» type: MultiLanguageType = {Institution, K...

Country

- «Not Null» countryCode: String

- «type» countryName: MultiLanguageType

- «Not Null» phoneCode: String = 46

ExtraOrganization

- orgnr: String

ContactInfo

- name: String

- «Not Null» phone: String

- relation: String

- «Not Null» prio: int = 0

OrganizationRelationship

- «type» type: MultiLanguageType

- «Not Null» fromDate: date = current_date

- toDate: date

- «Not Null» orgA: Organization

- «Not Null» orgB: Organization

Name: Omnia

Author: Helena Larsson

Version: 1.0

Created: 2001-07-01 00:00:00

Updated: 2006-01-18 00:00:00

PersonHistory

- person: Person

- «type» state: MultiLanguageType = {catalogueonly,...

- «type» reason: Reason

- «Not Null» timestamp: date = current_timestamp

MultiLanguageType

- id: int

- values: Map<String, String>

Contract

- «type» contractReason: MultiLanguageType [1..*]

CooperationOrganization::CollectionNode

- name: CollNodeName [1..*]

- parent: CollectionNode

- leaf: Organization [0..1]

CollNodeName

- «Not Null» name: String

- description: String

- language: String = sv

1

1..*

1

0..*

0..1

0..*

1

0..*

1

1..*0..*

1

1 1..*

1

1

1

0..*

1..*

1

0..*

1

1

1

1

0..*

0..1

0..*0..*

1

0..*

1

0..*

0..1

0..*

0..11

0..*

0..1

0..*

1

1..*

1

0..*

1

0..*

1+orgB

0..*

1+orgA

0..*

1

1..*

0..*

1

0..1

0..*

0..1 1

0..*0..1

1..*

1

Name:

Package:

Version:

Author:

Omnia

Omnia

1.0

Helena Larsson

35

Done !

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N3 @prefix : <http://www.openmetadir.org/om/1.0/attr#> . @prefix om: <http://www.openmetadir.org/om/1.0/om#> . om:add om:data [ :associatedDomain "umu.se"; :uid "umun0001"; :formalName "Umea University"@en, "Umeå universitet"; :lin "UMUID:1920187510089495044"; :name "umu", "umu"@en ]; om:eid "1"; om:objecttype "org"; om:oid "UMUID:1920187510089495044"; om:src "kdb" .

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