the roman invasion and conquest of britain[1]
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8/18/2019 The Roman Invasion and Conquest of Britain[1]
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The Roman Invasion and
Conquest of Britain
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The First Invasion
• The first Roman general
to invade Britain was
Julius Caesar. While
fighting Celtic tribes in
aul !modern France"#Caesar believed the$
were getting hel% from
the Celtic %eo%le of
Britain. &e resolved toinvade Britain and %unish
those %eo%le.
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Crossing the Channel
• In '' B.C. Caesar set
sail with a fleet of
shi%s to cross over to
Britain. &e %lanned toland near the famous
white cliffs of (over.
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British Resistance
• &owever# Caesar
re%orts that the British
%eo%le were waiting
for him# and threwdown u%on his troo%s
a barrage of s%ears
and stones# so that
the landing for theRoman soldiers was
made ver$ difficult.
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Caesar)s *econd Invasion
• +fter some initial
s,irmishes with various
Celtic tribes# since winter
was a%%roaching# Caesar
decided to return to aul.&owever# in the s%ring of
'- B.C. he attem%ted a
second invasion of
Britain. This time he wasable to land without
o%%osition. &e marched
inland and set u% a fort.
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nd of Caesar)s Invasions
• In '- B.C. Caesar foughta few small battles withthe British tribes# andthen concluded some
treaties with their ,ings.*oon# he again leftBritain# in order to returnto Rome# where %oliticaldevelo%ments demanded
his attention. &e nevergot bac, to Britain# for in-- B.C. he wasassassinated.
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m%eror Claudius Invades
• +lmost /00 $ears went
b$# before the Romans
again turned their
attention to Britain. In -1
+.(. m%eror Claudiussent an invasion force of
about -0#000 soldiers to
conquer the island and
ma,e its %eo%lesubmissive to Roman
%ower.
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The Britons *ubmit to Rome
• Claudius) arm$ was too
great for the Britons to
resist. *oon# a number of
the Celtic ,ings decided
to as, for terms of %eace.Claudius himself came to
Britain to receive a
%ledge of lo$alt$ to Rome
from these ,ings. Britainwas now officiall$ a %art
of the Roman m%ire.
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Roman 2ower Changes Britain
• The British %eo%le were
ver$ agricultural and
rural. The$ had small
villages# but no real cities.
The Romans began tochange all this. The$
immediatel$ set about
building cities on the
Roman model. 3ne ofthese cities was
4ondinium# now ,nown as
4ondon.
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Roman Religion Introduced to
Britain• m%eror Claudius wanted the
Britons to acce%t elements ofRoman culture. &e es%eciall$wanted them to ,now aboutthe Roman gods. In the new
cit$ of 5oviomagus# he built atem%le in the Roman st$le anddedicated it to himself. In man$%arts of the m%ire# them%eror was worshi%ed as agod# and Claudius ho%ed this
would ha%%en in Britain aswell.
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The Roman +rm$ *ettles In
• To ,ee% the British tribes
%eaceful and obedient to
Rome# a number of
militar$ cam%s were
established around theisland# so that soldiers
could ,ee% constant
watch on what the natives
were doing. 3ne of thelargest cam%s was at
Chester.
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Boudicca)s Rebellion
• 5ot all the Celtic tribes werecontent to have the Romansruling over them. In 66 +.(. thequeen of the Iceni tribe# awoman named Boudicca# led a
rebellion against the Romans. +t first she was successful.*he managed to burn the cit$of 4ondon. &owever# theRoman arm$ soon caught u%with her# and her followers
were slaughtered in a ver$blood$ battle.
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Trouble in the 5orth
• The Celtic tribes in the north#the area we ,now as *cotland#had never submitted to Romanrule. The$ often made raids onthe south# and %illaged Roman
settlements. The Romansdecided to %unish these tribes.7nder the Roman governor
+gricola# a great battle wasfought at a %lace called 8ountrau%ius# and these northern
Celts were soundl$ defeated.
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+ *$stem of Forts
• In order to ,ee% the north%eaceful# the Romansnow constructed a seriesof forts from one side of
the island to the other.The soldiers stationed inthese forts were to %atrolthe border and %reventthe northern tribes for
threatening the towns tothe south. 3ne of theseim%ortant forts was builtat 9indolanda.
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m%eror &adrian *trengthens the
Border.• In /:: +.(. the m%eror
&adrian decided to build a wallcom%letel$ across Britain tomar, a %ermanent border forthe m%ire and to shut the
northern Celts out of thecivili;ed regions to the south.The fort at 9indolanda andseveral other northern fortswere incor%orated into thiswall. &adrian)s Wall was built
b$ soldiers and is a marvel ofRoman engineering s,ill.
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