the prophet muhammad

The Prophet Muhammad

Chapter 8

8.3 Muhammad’s Early Life1. Birth, orphan, trader, marriage

Few people noticed Muhammad’s birthPoor family, became an orphanBecame a traderAt 25, a widow named Khadijah proposed

marriageThey had several children, including a daughter

named Fatimah

What was Muhammad’s occupation?

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1. Herder2. Teacher3. Farmer4. Trader

8.4 The Call to Prophethood1. Cave, Gabriel, Allah, Qur’an

Spiritual man, often prayed in the mtns.While praying in a cave, the angel Gabriel appeared to

himFor 22 yrs, he listened to messages Gabriel brought

from God, whom Arabs call AllahMuhammad preached faith in one God & the values:

compassion, honesty, & justiceGradually, a small group of followers formed, who

called themselves MuslimsHis writings were later written down and became the

Qur’an

How did Muhammad learn that he was to be a prophet?

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1. Saw it in a dream 2. Told by the angel

Gabriel 3. Allah spoke to him

through a burning bush

4. His uncle told him

8.5 Teaching Meets with Rejection1. Reject, followers, boycott, Night Journey

He began to preach his message to the MakkansMost Makkans rejected his teachings, but Muhammad did

gain followersPowerful Makkans ordered a boycott of his clan to make

them reject IslamIt lasted for 3 years but Muslims didn’t give up their faithIn 619, he described being taken on a winged horse to

visit Jerusalem & the 7 levels of heaven & to meet earlier prophets & God

Called the Night Journey

How did most Makkans feel about Muhammad’s preachings?

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1. They eagerly accepted

2. They didn’t care3. They rejected it

8.6 Migration to Medina to the End of Life

1. Madinah, People of the Book, battles, Last Sermon

People in Madinah invited him to live there & promised to protect him

He created a Muslim community in Madinah that respected people of other faiths

Christians & Jews were to be treated w/ respect as “People of the Book”

Once in Madinah, Muhammad preached…

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1. tolerance of other religions

2. that everyone must be convert to Islam

3. that belief in Allah was not important

4. that Hinduism and Islam were very similar

Christians & Jews were respected and referred to as

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1. Polytheists2. People to be feared3. People of the Qu’ran4. People of the Book

8.6 Migration to Medina to the End of Life

3. Summary: Christians & Jews were to be treated w/ respect as “People

of the Book” Fighting broke out b/t Makkans & Muslims After several battles, his army captured Makkah w/o a fight He destroyed idols at the Ka’ba & dedicated the shrine to

Allah He forgave his enemies, & the war ended Before his death, he delivered his Last Sermon He told Muslims to be faithful & to treat each other well

Fighting broke out between the Muslims and

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1. Makkans2. Jews3. People of Medina4. Christians

Once Muhammad’s army won control of Makkah, he dedicated this place to Allah

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1. Bazaar2. Ka’ba3. The cave where he

used to pray4. Madinah

8.7 & 8.8 Four Caliphs & Umayyad Dynasty

Most of Arabia was under Muslim control when he died After his death, caliphs unified Arabia & expanded across the

Middle East and N. Africa The fourth caliph was his son-in-law, Ali After Ali’s death, Sunnis & Shi’a split in a dispute over who

should be the next caliph This division continues today. In 661, the Umayyad dynasty moved the Muslim capital to

Damascus Muslims expanded into India, central Asia, & Europe A loss at the Battle of Tours in France in 732 ended expansion

into Europe, but Muslims kept control of Spain, which became a great center of culture & learning

Following his death, Arabia

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1. Became unified2. Fell into chaos3. Was attacked by the

French4. Became known as

the Far East

Muslims split into two major sects, Shi’a and

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1. Sunni2. Saudi3. Makkans4. Syrians

Muslims split into Sunni & Shi’a due to a dispute over

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1. Muhammad’s property2. Access to the Ka’ba3. The official language of

the Qu’ran 4. Who should be the

next caliph

The Battle of Tours was significant because

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1. It was the first battle of Muslim expansion

2. It marked the furthest extent of the Muslim empire

3. Muhammad died in this battle

4. The Muslims defeated the French

This city in Spain was an important center for learning & culture

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1. Madrid2. Makkah3. Cordova4. Barcelona

Flow MapYour Life

• Four major events in your life

Flow MapThe Prophet Muhammad

• Four major events in the life of Muhammad

Flow Map

• Four major events in the life of Muhammad

Early Life Prophethood Rejection Migration to

Madinah

Processing 9 (Photo Story)

• 5 Slides. Each slide should have– Appropriate image– 1-2 sentence caption explaining an important event in

Muhammad’s life• Slide 1 = Title slide• Slides 2-5 = Four phases of Muhammad’s life• 6 points / slide = 30 points total• Digital or by hand.• No images on flash drive = no laptop