the periodic table and ionic bonding: part 1-periodic table features 1
Post on 22-Dec-2015
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Objectives
• -Describe where to find metals, nonmetals, and metalloids on a periodic table
• -Explain the properties of metals, nonmetals, and metalloids
2
Periodic Table• Something “periodic” occurs at regular
or generally predictable intervals • Periodic Table of Elements – a table of
elements, arranged by atomic number, that shows the patterns in their properties
• Dmitri Mendeleev devised the 1st in which predictions were made
• Element- pure substance made up of one kind of atom
3
Why do you think there are question marks here?Image taken from: http://www.chemsoc.org/networks/learnnet/periodictable/post16/develop/mendeleev.htm
Mendeleev’s Published Periodic Table of Elements
4
Using the Periodic Table• Boxes that make up the periodic table
contain a significant amount of information Atomic Number
(number of protons)Element Symbol(capital letter or a capital and lower case)
Atomic Mass (weighted averages)
8
OOxygen
15.999Element Name
5
Metals
Location • Left of the zigzag
(exception H)Chemical Properties• Few electrons in outer
energy levels so lose electrons easily
Physical Properties• Ductile, good conductors,
malleable, shiny, most are solid @ room temperature
11
Na
22.990
79
Au
196.967
26
Metals’ Chemical Properties
Notice: only 1 electron in outer level
1s22s22p63s1
Notice: only 2 electrons
in outer level
1s22s2
+
++
+
+++
+++
-
-
-
-
--
-
-+
-
-
-
+
+++ --
-
-
11Na
22.990
4Be
9.012
27
Non-MetalsLocation • Right of the zigzag Chemical Properties • Almost full outer energy
levels, so tend to gain electrons; some completely full
Physical Properties • Not ductile or malleable, or
shiny, poor conductors, most are solid, but some are gas
16S
32.066
17Cl
35.453
28
Non-metals’ Chemical Properties
Notice: 7 electrons in outer level – almost full
1s22s22p5
Notice: 2 electrons in outer level – FULL 1s2
Notice: 6 electrons in outer level –
almost full 1s22s22p4
+
+++
+++
-
-
-
-
--
-
-+
+
+
+
++
+
+++
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
-
++ -
-
9F
18.998
8O
15.999
2He
4.003
MetalloidsLocation
• Border zigzag staircaseChemical Properties
• Most atoms have ½ (≈) complete set of electrons in outer levelPhysical Properties
• have properties of both metals and non-metals
• B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, At
5B
10.811
14Si
28.086
30
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